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| Anything that takes up space and has mass. |
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| Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions. |
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| A substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio. |
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| An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts. |
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| The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. |
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| A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, with a mass of about 1.7 10−24 g, found in the nucleus of an atom. |
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| A subatomic particle having no electrical charge (electrically neutral), with a mass of about 1.7 10−24 g, found in the nucleus of an atom. |
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| A subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge and a mass about 1/2,000 that of a neutron or proton. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom. |
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| The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designated by a subscript to the left of the elemental symbol. |
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| The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus. |
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| The total mass of an atom, which is the mass in grams of 1 mole of the atom. |
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| One of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass. |
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| An isotope (an atomic form of a chemical element) that is unstable; the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and energy. |
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| The capacity to cause change, especially to do work (to move matter against an opposing force). |
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| The energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement (structure). |
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| An energy level of electrons at a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom. |
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| The outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of that atom. |
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| The three-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time. |
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| The attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond. |
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| A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity. |
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| A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive. |
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| A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. |
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| A negatively charged ion. |
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| A positively charged ion. |
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| A type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule. |
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| Van Der Waals Interactions |
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Definition
| Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from localized charge fluctuations. |
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| A starting material in a chemical reaction. |
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| A material resulting from a chemical reaction. |
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| In a chemical reaction, the state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, so that the relative concentrations of the reactants and products do not change with time. |
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