Term
| Central Nervous System (CNS) |
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Definition
| Consist of the brain and spinal chord. |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
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Definition
| Consist of the nerves outside of the brain and spinal chord. Made up of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. |
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Definition
| Part of the PNS. Consist of the axons conveying messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles. |
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Definition
| Controls the heart, the intestines, and other organs. Its cell bodies can be found within the brain or spinal chord and some in clusters alon the sides of the spinal chord. |
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Definition
| A group of subcortical structures lateral to the thalamus which include the caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the globus pallidus. Conserved through evolution. Exchanges info with different parts of the cerebral cortex. Deterioration symptoms include impaired movement, depression and deficits in memory, reasoning, and attention. |
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Definition
| One of the first discoveries about the functions of the nervous system, the entering dorsal roots (axon bundles) carry sensory information, and the exiting ventral roots carry motor information. |
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Definition
| Made up of the medulla, pons, the midbrain, and certain central structures of the forebrain. |
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Definition
| A fluid-filled channel in the center of the spinal chord. |
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Definition
| A large hindbrain structure with many deep folds. Important in the control of movement as well as balance and coordination. People with damage to the cerebellum have trouble shifting their attention back and forth between auditory and visual stimuli. Trouble with sensory timing for example, judging whether one rhythm is faster than the other. |
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Term
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
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Definition
| A clear fluid similar to blood plasma produced by cells called the choroid plexus inside the four ventricles. Acts as a cushion for the brain against mechanical shock when the head moves. Provides buoyancy. Helps support the weight of the brain. Provides a reservoir of hormones and nutrition for the brain and spinal chord. |
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Definition
| Controls sensations from the head, myscle movements in the head, and much of the parasympathetic output to the organs. The receptors and muslces of the head and organs connect to the brain by 12 pairs of cranial nerves |
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Definition
| Ganglia is plural for ganglion which means a cluster of neurons. In most cases, a neuron cluster outside the CNS is called a ganglion, and a cluster inside the CNS is called a nucleus. Cell bodies if motor neurons are in the spinal chord. |
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Definition
| The most anterior and most prominent part of the mammamlian brain. Consists of two cerebral hemispheres, one on the left and one on the right. Each hemispere is organized to recieve sensory information, mostly from the contralateral (opposite) side of the body and to control muscles, mostly on the contralateral side, by way of axons to the spinal chord and the cranial nerve nuclei. |
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Definition
| H-shaped densely packed cell bodies and dendrites in the center of the spinal cord. |
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Definition
| The posterior part of the brain, consiste of the medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum. |
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Definition
| Latin word meaning seahorse. A large structure between the thalamus and cerebral cortex. Critical for storing certain kinds of memories. People with hippocampal damage have trouble storing new memories, but they do not lose the memories they had before the damge occured. |
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Definition
| Small area near the base of the brain just ventral to the thalamus. Partly through nerves and partly through hypothalamic hormones, it conveys messages to the pituitary gland, altering its release of hormones. Hypothalamic damage can lead to abnormalities is motivation, feeding, drinking, temperature regulation, sexual behavior, fighting, or activity level. |
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Term
| Inferior and Superior Colliculus |
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Definition
| The swellings on each side of the tectum. Both important for sensory processing. The inferior for hearing and the superior mainly for vision. |
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Definition
| A number of other interlinked structures which form a border around the brainstem. These include the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus of the cerebral cortex. These structures are particularly important for motivations and emotions such as eating, drinking, sexual activity, anxiety, and aggresion. |
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Term
| Medulla or Medulla Oblongata |
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Definition
| Located just above the spinal cord and could be regarded as a large exention of the spinal cord but located in the skull. Controls some vital reflexes including breathing, heart rate, vomitting, salivation, coughing, and sneezing-through the cranial nerves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Although the brain has no pain receptors, the meninges do, and meningitis which is the inflammatin of the meninges is very painful. A swelling of blood vessels in the meninges is also responsible for the pain of a migraine headache. |
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Definition
| In the middle of the brain, although in adult mammals it is dwarfed and surrounded by the forebrain. In birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, the midbrain is a more prominent structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| The anatomy of the nervous system. |
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| Lies on the ventral surface of the forebrain. Recieves input from the hypothalamus and basal ganglia and sends axons that release acetylcholine to widespread areas in the cerebral cortex. Key part of the brain's system for arousal, wakefulness, and attention. Patients with |
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