TERMINAL BUTTONS

(a.ka. axon terminal, terminal branches, synaptic knobs)

• located @ end of synapse
• send information to other neurons

• chemicals located in terminal button
• used to communicate b/w neurons

• located on receiving neuron
• specifically for a certain NT

• Brief shift in neuron charge
• changes from negative to positive

Neuron must have minimum threshold of sodium ions for action potential to start or nothing will happen

(need all or none will happen)

• electrochemical process
• electric part is neuron
• chemical part is NT

• NT
• controls motor movement
• lack of acetylcholine cause alzheimer's

• NT
• controls alertness & motor movement
• (Without dopamine you'll act like dopey)

• NT
• controls pain

• NT
• controls mood
• lack of associated clinical depression 

• neurons that bring information to your brain

• All nervous systems outside CNS
• Somatic, Autonomic, Sympathetic, Parasympathetic

• "Fight or Flight"
• Mobilizes body in time of need
• Ex: breathing faster in time of need

• Conserve energy in time of need
• Ex: stranded on island- slow digestion

• purposely scarring the brain
• conducted on rats

• electrical stimulus to the brain
• monitors electrical activity of brain

• x-ray of brain
• shows structure only

• uses magnetic fields to measure density
• more detail than CAT scan

• insert chemicals to see brain function/activity

• combines PET scan w/ MRI
• shows functionality & structure

• cerebellum
• pons
• medulla

• connects forebrain to hindbrain
• contains reticular formation

• controls arousal & sleep
• contols alertness

• largest part of brain
• contains
• thalamus
• hypothalamus
• amygdala
• hippocampus
•  cerebral cortex (occipital, parietal, frontal, temporal)

• switch station for all senses 

• Controls 4 F'S
• fornication (sexual arousal)
• fight 
• flight
• food (hunger/thirst)

• controls fear
• regulates emotions

• houses memories
• "hippos must use their memory on campus"

• grey wrinkly matter
• split into hempishpheres & into lobes

• split cerebrum in half
• right and left hemispheres

• language development
• Contains broca's area
• logical thinking
• controls right side of body

• Controls left side of body
• visual & spatial recognition
• recognize face

• divides cerebrum into four areas that specialize is specific functions
• 4 Lobes
• frontal
• temporal
• occipital
• parietal

FRONTAL LOBE

• higher order thinking
• language production
• reasoning
• planning
• fine motor movements

• responsible for language production
• located in left frontal lobe
• "without Broca's you'll have broken speech"

part of the frontal lobe that controls fine motor movments

ex: ability to pick up a small object with fingers

• responsible for vision
• located in back of brain

• located on sides of brain
• responsible for auditory sensation

• ability of the brain to change and adapt to damages
• (think: plastic can be molded)
• (if vision is damaged another sense becomes stronger)

• produces adrenaline (hormone)
• controls "fight or flight"
• connected to autonomic system

• born from same egg
• identical twins

1. Dendrite

2. Soma

3. Nucleus

4. Axon

5. Myelin Sheath