Term
| Define nervous system integration? |
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Definition
| Integration = Generation of a motor output based on the sum of the sensory inputs. |
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Term
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Definition
| An involuntary motor output caused by sensory inputs. |
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Term
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Definition
| The time from the start of a signal to the moment of response. |
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Term
| What factors influence reaction time? |
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Definition
Signal complexity
duration
strength |
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Term
| In which ways does the sensory system that is stimulated affect reaction time? |
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Definition
1) difference in afference conduction times between sensory systems.
2) some sensory systems change instantly, others slowly
3) certain sensory systems are more sensitive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Voluntary responses that can be modified through learning. |
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Term
| What is visual-motor learning? |
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Definition
| Process of increasing accuracy/speed/coordination of tasks involving eye-hand coordination. |
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Term
| Explain the results that were found in experiment #2 of Lab 3. |
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Definition
the purpose of this experiment was to quantify a value that could reflect that visual-motor learning had taken place.
Volunteers threw clay balls at a target in three sets - one with no prism-classes on, one with prism-glasses on, one after taking them off once more.
the prism goggles shifted the volunteers gaze to the left, "fooling" the CNS into thinking that when they were looking at the target, they were looking straight ahead. Therefore, the volunteer threw the ball far left with the prism glasses on.
The brain because to learn over each throw and the horizontal deviation from the norm was reduced. When the glasses were taken off again the thrower's brain overcompensated (because of the prevous learning) and the thrower begins throwing to the right of the target for the first throws, with the deviation gradually reducing. |
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Term
| Explain the results that were found in experiment #1 of Lab 3. |
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Definition
Average reaction times were calculated for a human volunteer for visual and auditory cues.
It was found that auditory cues produced a faster reaction time than visual cues alone. This difference in speed could be due to a difference in signal complexity, but it is more likely to do with the complexity of the sensory organs (the eye being the more complex of the two) |
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Term
| what is the neurotransmitter that is released across neuromuscular junctions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Movement of limbs is generally accomplished by coordinating the contraction and relaxation of what? |
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Definition
| antagonistic muscle groups |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendons are tougher pieces of catrilagenous tissue that is used to attach muscles to bones and coordination contraction/relaxation of the antagonistic muscle groups responsible for changes in limb position. |
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Term
| What is the recording of muscle activity called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the tendon that the quadriceps connect into just below the knee? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the order of the electrodes on the participants thigh? (beginning at the knee) |
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Definition
interior knee = green
12 cm above knee = black wire
10 cm above negative = red wire |
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Term
| How do you calculate conduction velocity? |
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Definition
| Conduction velocity (m/s) = Total path length (meters) / mean reflex time (sec) - Synaptic Transmission Time (sec) |
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Term
| What is motor unit recruitment? |
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Definition
By increasing the number of active motor units, the strength or force of the muscle contraction will increase.
**HOWEVER, THERE'S A FINITE NUMBER OF MUSCLE FIBERS and so there's a maximal level of activity |
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