Term
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Definition
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
gland: anterior pituitary
stimulated by: TRH
target: thyroid gland
effect: secretion of thyroid hormones (T3,T4, bind to target cell mitochondria and increase the rate of ATP production)
regulation: hypothalmic release of TRH inhibited by increased serum T3 levels |
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Term
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Definition
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
gland: anterior pituitary
stimulated by: neural stimulation from hypothalamus and CRH
target: suprarenal cortex - zona fasciculata
effect: secretion of glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone, increases blood sugar, F.A. metabolism, glucogenesis, decreases inflammatory response - sympathetic)
regulation: hypothalmic release of CRH inhibited by increased serum glucocorticoids |
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Term
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Definition
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
gland: anterior pituitary
stimulated by: GnRH
target: follicle cells of ovaries and nurse cells of testes
effect:
female- secretion of estrogen, follicle develpment
male- stimulation of sperm maturation
regulation: hypothalmic release of GnRH inhibited by increased serum testosterone and estrogen levels |
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Term
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Definition
Lutenizing Hormone
gland: anterior pituitary
stimulated by: GnRH
target: follicle cells of ovaries and interstitial cells of testes
effect:
female- ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, secretion of progesterone
male- secretion of testosterone regulation: |
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Term
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Definition
Prolactin
gland: anterior pituitary
stimulated by: PRF (prolactin releasing factor)
target: mammary glands
effect: production milk
regulation: PRF and PIH |
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Term
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Definition
Growth Hormone
gland: anterior pituitary
stimulated by: GH-RH
target: all cells
effect: growth, protein synthesis, lipid mobilization and catabolism
regulation: GH-RH and GH-IH |
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Term
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Definition
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
gland: anterior pituitary (pars intermedia)
stimulated by: ?
target: melanocytes
effect: increased melanin synthesis in epidermis
regulation: MSH-IH |
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Term
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Definition
Anti Diuretic Hormone
gland: posterior pituitary
stimulated by: Angeotensin II, osmoreceptors in hypothalamus in the supraoptic nucleus
target: kidneys
effect: reabsorbtion of H2O, increase in BV and BP, decreased blood osmolality
regulation: none |
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Term
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Definition
Oxytocin
gland: posterior pituitary stimulated by: pressure and touch of the uterus, cervix and nipple, sent by the paraventricular nucleus
target:
female- uterus, mammary glands
male- vas deferens, prostate gland
effect:
female- labor contractions, milk ejection
male- contractions of vas deferens and prostate gland
regulation: none |
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Term
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Definition
| Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus stimulates increased secretion of TSH |
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Term
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Definition
| Corticotropin Releasing Hormone released by hypothalamus causing increased secretion of ACTH |
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Term
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Definition
-released by alpha cells of the pancreas
-raises blood glucose levels by increasing the rate of glycogen breakdown and glucose release by the liver
-secreted in response to decline in serum glucose levels |
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Term
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Definition
-produced by the beta cells of the pancreas
-lowers blood glucose levels by increasing uptake by most cells in the body and increasing glycogen synthesis in the liver and skeletal muscles
-secreted in response to elevated serum glucose |
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Term
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Definition
released by hypothalamus to increase LH and FSH secretion by the anterior pituitary
inhibited by testosterone and estrogen |
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