Term
| _________ adds stability to the Phospholipid bilayer that makes up the cell membrane. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Cytoplasm makes up the fluid between the cell membrane and nucleus. |
|
Definition
| FALSE - The correct word is cytosol. Cytoplasm is a space, not a fluid. |
|
|
Term
Which of these types of organelles is in direct contact with cytosol?
a) Membranous
b) Non-membranous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is FALSE concerning ribosome's:
a)Sites for protein synthesis
b)Contain rRNA
c)ONLY found attached to ER |
|
Definition
| C is false, ribosome's can also be free floating in cytosol |
|
|
Term
| Centrosomes make microtubules to form ________ __________ for cell division |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Smooth ER synthesizes _________, while rough ER functions in _______ ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Golgi Apparatus packages proteins and lipids to the _________ ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chromatin only exists in a __________ cell, while Chromosomes exists only in ______________ cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In normal humans,Sex cells contain ___ chromosomes while somatic cells contain ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chromosomes in an autosomal cell in the ___________ phase of mitosis are said to be homologous chromosones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Interphase stage of mitosis consists of three stages, ___, ___ and ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Prophase differ from Prophase I? |
|
Definition
| In prophase I, tetrads form and crossing over occurs |
|
|
Term
| How does Anaphase I differ from Anaphase? |
|
Definition
In anaphase, homologous chromosomes are split at centromere, pulling one chromatid each way.
In anaphase I, tetrads are split apart into homologous chromosomes (2 pairs) and chromatids DO NOT separate |
|
|
Term
During meiosis II, the cell is
a) Haploid
b) Diploid |
|
Definition
A
Chromosomes are doubled, but they are only sister chromatids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A space containing an osteocyte or chondrocyte |
|
|
Term
| The pre-embryonic period includes the __________ weeks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Embryonic includes weeks: ___________________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A zygote is called am embryo after the _____ week until ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A zygote is a zygote until _____ hours have passed, after which it is a _______, a result of many mitotic divisions called ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Morula is a solid ball of ___ - ____ cells called __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False, morula is larger than an ovum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The three layers of the blastocyst are |
|
Definition
Fluid filled cavity
Inner cell mass
Trophoblastic cells |
|
|
Term
The inner cell mass becomes...
a) embroyo
b) amnion
c) bilayer embryonic disc
d) epiblast
e) More than one of the above |
|
Definition
| E - embryo and bilayer embryonic disc |
|
|
Term
| The epiblast gives rise to the _________ while the hypoblast turns into the __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The chorion will become the fetal part of the ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The amnion protects the fetus from _____ and _______ |
|
Definition
Shocks
Temperature (high/low) |
|
|
Term
| What does the yolk sac result in? |
|
Definition
GI tract
Earliest blood cells/vessels
Primordial germ cells (reproductive cells) |
|
|
Term
| What is the allantois and what does it form? |
|
Definition
Outpocket of yolk sac
Forms umbilical cord and urinary bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
To decrease the angle between 2 bones
E.g. biceps curls UP motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increase the angle back to the anatomical position
E.g. biceps curls DOWN motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Move limb AWAY from mid line
E.g. jumping jacks, raise arms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Move limb towards midline
E.g. jumping jacks, lower arms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The attachment of a tendon to a stationary bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The attachment of a tendon to a moveable bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Helps the agonist move and helps stabilize |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Opposes action of agonist |
|
|
Term
| True or False: The Lumen is a layer in the skin |
|
Definition
FALSE!
Lumen is a CAVITY, much like cytoplasm is not a fluid, the lumen is only a SPACE |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between simple and stratified epithelium? |
|
Definition
| Simple is 1 layer, stratified is 2+ |
|
|
Term
| All CT tissues have a Matrix. What features are common to all CT matrix subtypes? |
|
Definition
Collagen, elastin, reticular fibres (proteins)
Ground substance
Water |
|
|
Term
| Where might you find hyaline cartilage? |
|
Definition
| Trachea, ribs, ends of long bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Connective Tissue layers that surround and support organs |
|
|
Term
| What are the Muscle tissue subtypes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are mucous membranes organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loose areolar CT basement membrane |
|
|
Term
| What are Serous membranes? |
|
Definition
| Membranes that line closed cavities that DO NOT open to exterior |
|
|
Term
| In a Serous membrane, which of the parietal and visceral layers touch the organ directly? |
|
Definition
Parietal - against cavity wall
Visceral - against organ |
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue are Synovial Membranes made of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue is the epidermis? (Thin skin) *****?? |
|
Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
| How does thin skin differ from thick? |
|
Definition
| Has hair, oil glands, arrector pili muscles, 4 of 5 possible layers (No Lucidium) |
|
|
Term
| Name the 5 Skin Layers in order. Which one is not found in thin skin? |
|
Definition
Before Signing, Get Legal Council
Stratum...
Bascale
Spinosum
Granulosum
Lucidium (Not in Thin)
Corneum |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of cells in Stratum Bascale and what proportion do they make up? |
|
Definition
Keratinocytes (90%)
Melanocytes (10%) |
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue is the papillary layer made up of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue is the reticular layer made up of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bones make up the thoracic cage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between true and false ribs, and how many are there of each? |
|
Definition
7 pairs of true, attach to sternum via costal cartilage
5 pairs of false, attach indirectly to sternum via costal cartilage |
|
|
Term
| What bones make up the pectoral girdle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bones and surfaces does the clavicle articulate with? |
|
Definition
| Sternum (Manubrium) and Scapula (Acromion) |
|
|
Term
| What bones attach the axial and appendicular skeleton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many fused bones make up the os coxae? The sacrum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bones does the sacrum articulate with, and on what surfaces? |
|
Definition
Ilium
Ischium (ischial tuberocity) |
|
|
Term
| What tissue makes up the periosteum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the Haversion and Volkmann's canal lined by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between compact and spongy bone? |
|
Definition
Compact is external and has osteons
Spongy is internal and has no osteons |
|
|
Term
| What are the major features of fibrous joints? Provide an example |
|
Definition
No joint cavity
Fibrous CT
Do not move
E.g. skull sutures |
|
|
Term
| What are the major features of cartilaginous joints? Provide an example |
|
Definition
No joint cavity
Cartilage attaches bones
E.g. public symphysis, ribs |
|
|
Term
| What are the major features of synovial joints? Provide an example |
|
Definition
Articular/joint capsule completely surrounds joint and ligaments
High degree of movement
E.g. elbow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A functional classification of joints that means immovable (e.g. skull sutures) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A functional classification of joints that means slightly movable (e.g. pubic symphysis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Greatly movable Synovial joints (e.g. hip, shoulder) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 types of joints? |
|
Definition
Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Ball and Socket |
|
|
Term
| What are muscle cell sarcolemma and sarcoplasma analogous to in regular cells? |
|
Definition
| Cell membrane and cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| Which structures in skin are composed of epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
| Epidermis, reticular layer of dermis, hair follicle, sweat/sebaceous gland |
|
|
Term
| What is a dermal papilla? |
|
Definition
| Wave like protrusions of dermis into epidermis |
|
|
Term
| Differentiate: Morula/Blastocyst |
|
Definition
Morula is 72hrs after fertilization, 16-32 cells
Blastocyst is 5 days, fluid filled cavity |
|
|
Term
| Differentiate: Epiblast/Hypoblast |
|
Definition
Outer layer of blastocyst, amnion/germ layers
Hypoblast: inner layer of blastcyst, becomes yolk sac |
|
|
Term
| Differentiate: Embryonic Membranes and Primary Germ Layers |
|
Definition
EM: Fetal period, 4 layers, membranous structures closely associated with embryo
PGL: Embryo period, endo/ecdo/mesoderm |
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue makes up the epidermis? |
|
Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelial |
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue makes up a hair follicle? |
|
Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelial |
|
|
Term
An organic molecule could be
a) a molecule which as ionic bonds between C atoms
b) ATP
c) a molecule such as NaCl which ionizes in water
d) one that ionizes in water to release H+
e) B and D |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disaccarides and lipids are present in the structure of collage, True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spindle apparatus is assembled during which phase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Connective tissue is classified according to what? |
|
Definition
| Composition of the extracellular matrix |
|
|
Term
| Where can transitional epithelium be found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two types of tissue does the peritoneum contain? |
|
Definition
| Epithelial and connective |
|
|
Term
| Carpals articulate laterally with what bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the heart, the circumflex artery is part of the _______ circulatory route |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are papillary muscles? |
|
Definition
| Projections of ventricular myocardium to which chordae tendineae attach |
|
|
Term
| B lymphocytes can be converted into ______ cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood is
a) Slightly basic
b) Slightly acidic
c) Acidic
d) Basic
e) Neutral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these is a monosaccaride?
a) Glucose
b) fructose
c) Sucrose
d) Glycogen
e) 2 of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What would you call a structure with Glycerol + 3 FA chains?
a) Phospholipid
b) Monoglyceride
c) Diglyceride
d) Triglyceride
e) Polyglyceride |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If you remove the P head from a phospholipid, what do you get?
a) Monoglyceride
b) Diglyceride
c) Triglyceride
d) Glycogen
e) Starch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which Macromolecules contain Nitrogen?
a) Carbs
b) Lipids
c) Proteins
d) Nucelic Acids
e) More than one of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is Adenosine after having TWO Phosphorus molecules removed?
a) ATP
b) AMP
c) ADP
d) ARP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nucelic Acids contain carbohydrates? True/False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does ATP contain carbohydrates? True/False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cell membrane carbohydrates are found:
a) Inside the cell
b) On the outer surface of the cell
c) Inside and outside the cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the site of attachment of the spindle microtubule to the chromosome?
a) Centromere
b) Kinetochore
c) Centrosome
d) Spindle apparatus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the phase between meiosis I and II called?
a) Interphase
b) S phase
c) G1 phase
d) G2 phase
e) Interkinesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
After 72 hours, what is the developing embryo called?
a) Morula
b) Blastocyst
c) Zygote
d) Fetus
e) Embryo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three embryonic germ layers? |
|
Definition
| Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm |
|
|
Term
Which of the following matches what an osteoblast does?
a) Creates matrix
b) Maintains matrix
c) Creates osteoclasts
d) Creates osteocytes
e) Breaks down matrix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of tonsils? |
|
Definition
| Adenoids, palatine, lingual |
|
|
Term
| Where are lymph nodes located? |
|
Definition
| Under arm, groin (linguinal), intestinal, pelvic |
|
|
Term
| What types of cells proliferate in the thymus gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does lymph travel from the LEFT body and below the ribs? |
|
Definition
| Thoracic duct, left subclavian vein |
|
|
Term
| Where does lymph travel from the RIGHT head/chest/arm? |
|
Definition
| R lymph duct, R subclavian vein |
|
|
Term
| What are the four types of agranulocutes? |
|
Definition
| Lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, monocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Release histamine and heparin (increase inflammation, decrease clotting) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the three types of WBC granulocytes |
|
Definition
| Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a fiber in a CT matrix?
a) Collagen
b) Elastin
c) Reticular
d) Papillary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following form networks in basement membrane?
a) Elastin
b) Collagen
c) Reticular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is avascular?
a) Adipose connective tissue
b) Dense connective tissue
c) Cartilage
d) Bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following contains mostly collagen and elastin fibers?
a) Adipose connective tissue
b) Dense connective tissue
c) Cartilage
d) Bone
e) Epithelial tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is VERY vascular?
a) Cartilage
b) Bone
c) Dense regular connective tissue
d) Dense irregular connective tissue
e) Epithelial |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The lamina propria is
a) areolar connective tissue
b) dense regular connective tissue
c) epithelial tissue
d) adipose connective tissue
e) muscular tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Synovial Membranes represent which level?
a) Cellular
b) Tissue
c) Organ
d) Organism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The hypodermis is what type of tissue?
a) epidermis
b) Simple squamous epithelium
c) Statified Cuboidal epithelium
d) Adipose connective tissue
e) Areolar connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Someone with a darker skin color has _____ melanocytes compared to a lighter skin colored individual
a) More
b) Less
c) Same |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which layer is not present in thick skin?
a) Stratum bascale
b) Stratum spinosum
c) Stratum granulosum
d) Stratum lucidium
e) Stratum corenum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of tissue makes up the papillary layer of the dermis?
a) Simple Squamous Epithelial
b) Stratified Columnar Epithelial
c) Epidermis
d) Loose Areolar connective tissue
e) Loose Adipose connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What forms fingerprints?
a) Stratum bascale
b) Stratum lucidium
c) Papillary layer
d) Reticular layer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is attached to hair follicles?
a) Sebaceous
b) Sudoriferous
c) Ceruminous
d) Mammillary
e) Papillary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Where is the SA node?
a) right atrium
b) left atrium
c) right ventricle
d) left ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of tissue is Tunia Externa made of?
a) Muscle
b) CT
c) Epithelium
d) nervous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of proteins in plasma? |
|
Definition
| Albumin, Fibrinogen, Globulin |
|
|
Term
What type of tissue is Tunica Media made of?
a) Smooth Muscle
b) Aerolar connective tissue
c) Simple squamous epithelium
d) Nervous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of tissue is Tunica Interna made of?
a) Smooth Muscle
b) Aerolar connective tissue
c) Simple squamous epithelium
d) nervous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four layers of tissue in veins, in order? |
|
Definition
| Tunica Externa, Tunica Media, Tunica Interna, Lumen |
|
|
Term
| The ductus arteriousus is in the _____, it allows blood from the pulmonary trunk to move directly into the _____, bypassing the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The foramen ovale is in the _______, it allows blood to bypass the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The LEFT side of the hart has _____ valves, while the RIGHT side ha s______ valves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The three layers of the heart are from outer to inner: ____, _____, _____ |
|
Definition
| epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
|
|
Term
| The three layers covering the heart are, from outer to inner: ____, _____, _____ |
|
Definition
| fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium |
|
|
Term
| The ductus venosa takes blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between sebaceous and sudoriferous glands? |
|
Definition
| Sudoriferous glands open on the surface |
|
|
Term
| Where are Ceruminous glands located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Meissner’s corpuscles are _____ receptors that are located in ________ _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pascinian corpuscles are ______ receptors that are located in _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scoliosis is when the spine curves ______, ________ is exaggerated thoracic curve, ______ is the exaggerated lumbar curve. |
|
Definition
Laterally
Kyphosis
Lordosis |
|
|
Term
| The outer layer of the periosteum is composed of ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ Lines the medullary cavity and Haversian/Volkmann’s canals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Provide three examples of fibrous joints |
|
Definition
| Skull sutures, tibia/fibula, teeth |
|
|
Term
| Provide two examples of cartilaginous joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A plane joint is between two ________ surfaces and an example is the ______ joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A hinge joint is between two ________ surfaces and an example is the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pivot joint is when there is _________ and an example is the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of joint is immovable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of joint is greatly movable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 4 bones make up the hard palate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epimysium surrounds ______, perimusium surrounds ______ and endomysium surrounds ________ |
|
Definition
| entire muscle, fascicle, each muscle fiber |
|
|
Term
| Sarcomeres are composed of 2 types of ______, thin and thick. Thin ones are composed of three things, ______, ______ and ______. Thick and composed of ______. |
|
Definition
| myofilaments, actin, tropomyisin troponin, myocin |
|
|
Term
Which of the following does not describe the lamina propria? It
a) is a layer located in the pericardium.
b) is a structure included in the organ called the mucosa.
c) includes organic and inorganic molecules in its structure.
d) contains a matrix that includes collagen.
e) is vascular tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following could not be included in the structure of a cell membrane?
a) Hydrophilic phosphate heads.
b) Phospholipids.
c) Fatty acids located in the hydrophobic region.
d) Carbohydrates attached to membrane proteins, all of which are in contact with the cytosol.
e) Cholesterol. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Sarcomeres
a) are extracellular structures.
b) include in their structure T-tubules and endoplasmic reticulum between Z-discs.
c) are composed of thin myofilaments only.
d) have H zones containing the proteins actin and myosin.
e) are joined end to end to form myofibrils. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2. In fetal circulation, which of the following is a modification associated with pulmonary circulation?
a) Ductus venosus.
b) Mixed oxygenation of the blood in the aorta.
c) Umbilical veins and arteries.
d) Ductus arteriosus.
e) Deoxygenated blood in the inferior vena cava. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the four embryonic membranes |
|
Definition
Chorion
Amnion
Yolk Sac
Allantois |
|
|
Term
| What are tight junctions and what do they do? |
|
Definition
Proteins on sides of cells
Prevent substances from passing through extracellular space between cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anchoring junctions, fasten cells to each other, allows cells to change shape without tearing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protein channels that allow ions to pass between cells |
|
|
Term
| What does an osteocyte do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does an osteoclast do? |
|
Definition
| Breaks down matrix (reabsorbs) |
|
|
