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| Summing incoming neural signals is part of ____________. |
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| Action potentials are transmitted to synaptic terminals by the ________. |
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| The myelinsheath is produced around axons in the PNS by____________. |
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| ____________ ________ does not contribute to the resting potential of a neuron? |
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| What occurs first when voltage reaches the threshold level? |
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| Gates of certain voltage-activated ion channels open |
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| ___________ ____________ occurs when the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next. |
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| _____________ is released by motor neurons and by some deurons in the brain. |
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| Receptors for serotonin and some other neurtransmitters work through a ________ _____________. |
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| ________ can cancel the effects of some EPSPs. |
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| A presynaptic neuron in the cerebrum transmiting information to hundreds of other neurons is an example of ___________. |
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| In ___________ __________ several closely spaced synaptic terminals release neurotransmitter simultaneously. |
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| A radially symmetrical animal, such as Hydra, is likely to have a _________ _________. |
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| In vertebrate embryos the brain develops from the _________ _______. |
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| In the brain, the __________ maintains posture, muscle tone, and equilibrium. |
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| The most prominent part of the amphibian brain is the ___________. |
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| In the brain, the ____________ controls autonomic functions and regulates body temperature. |
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| Describe the sequence of transmission of information in a withdrawl reflex. |
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| Reception by sensory neuron -> Afferent neuron transmits signal to CNS -> Interneuron in CNS integrates information -> Efferent neuron transmits signal -> muscle contracts |
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| The human brain is protected by __________, ___________ _________, and ________ ________ |
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| meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, skull bones |
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| The _______________ _____________ is important in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. |
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| _____________ _____________ is a long lasting increase in synaptic strength. |
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| The heart rate is slowed by the ___________ nerves. |
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| ____________ affect neurons n the mesolimbic dopamine pathway. |
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| A sensory receptor interprets sensory stimuli. T/F |
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| A sensory receptor absorfs energy from some stimulus. The next step is: |
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| release of neurotransmitter |
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| Interoceptors adapt _______. |
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Which is NOT correctly matche?
mechanoreceptors - touch, pressure
electroreceptors - voltage
photoreceptors - light
chemoreceptors - gravity
nociceptors - extreme temperatures |
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| __________ __________ are associated with informing the brain about turning in movement. |
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| The auditory receptors are located in the ________ ___ ______. |
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| Rod receptors do/do not have hair cells? |
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| In the process of hearing, the basilar membrane vibrates. What event occurs next? |
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| Hair cells in the organ of Corti are stimulated. |
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| In ____________, the number of odorous molecules determines the magnitude of the receptor potential. |
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| In human visual pathways, after light passes through the cornea, it next: |
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| When rhodopsin is activated, it binds with ___________. |
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| Which portion of the brain is the main regulator of internal organs? |
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| ___________ are the receptors that are probably most numerous and active in the body. |
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| Some species of sharks, rays, and bony fish sense the movement of prey through the use of: |
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| Sound waves travel within the ear and cause hair cells of the organ of Corti to rub against __________________, initiating nerve impulses to the brain. |
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| Sensory neurons release glutamate and neuropeptides such as __________ to enhance the effect of glutamate. |
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| If the ____________ of the stomach were damaged, one would be incapable of detecting the presence of food inside. |
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| The initial response to a stimulus involves which process? |
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| Changes in blood PH can be detected by: |
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| Ligand-gated ion channels bind ____________ to allow passage of ions. |
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| Invertebrates that have the camera-like eye of vertebrates include the ___________. |
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| Which class of neurotransmitters is linked to depression and schizophrenia? |
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| Which group of receptors is most important to help a diver maintain an upright position while exploring the dark passageway in an underwater shipwreck? |
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| Any type of stimulus can alter resting potential by increasing the permeability of the membrane to: |
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| An example of a neurotransmitter that works by activation of G proteins is: |
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| Some sensory receptors decrease their frequency of action potentials when exposed to a continued, constant stimulu in a process known as: |
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Definition
The signal/messengar responsible for opening the gated channel is:
cAMP
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| The right and left hemisphere of the cerebrum are connected by the: |
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| The structure found in the nose of mammals that can detect pheromones is called the ___________. |
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| An example of an effector is a(n): |
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| Bats, by emitting high-pitched sounds, can detect distanct objects via: |
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| For astronauts to effectively make repairs to the space station they must rely on |
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Definition
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| Which neurons integrate information coming into and out of the central nervous system? |
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| The reuptake of serotonin by neurons in the brain can be inhibited by: |
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| antidepressant medications |
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| The nervous system is capable of modifying its structure and function in a process known as: |
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| Which touch receptors of the skin are sensitive to deep pressure? |
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| The neuropeptide neurotransmitters are involved in: |
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| Auditory receptors are located in the |
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| The ability of the brain to assign meaning to a stimulus is called: |
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| When the reticular activating system sends stimuli to the cerebral cortex, a state of _____________ results. |
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| During conscious, quiet rest, the brain is emitting: |
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| Pit vipers and boas locate their prey using: |
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| When an earthworm is underground, which type of receptors will relay information on directional movemtent? |
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| The structure in the eye that focuses light on photoreceptors is the _____________. |
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