Term
True or False
Genes usually only have two alleles |
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Definition
| False, genes often have more than two alleles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| If an allele is found at a minimum 1% frequency in a population, what is this called? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Recessive alleles involve a loss of gene function |
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Definition
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Term
| Why would a mutation be recessive? |
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Definition
| Because usually just 1 functional copy is enough to produce a normal (wild type) phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete loss of function |
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Term
| Define Hypomorphic Allele |
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Definition
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Term
| An allele having the same phenotype in heterozygotes as in homozygotes is....dominant or recessive? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Dominant mutations always involve a loss of protein function |
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Definition
False
Dominant mutations can involve a loss OR gain of function |
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Term
| What will be exhibited if 1 functional copy of the dominant gene is not enough to produce a wild type? |
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Definition
| Incomplete/partial dominance |
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Term
| Define Dominant Negative mutation |
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Definition
loss of function mutation
interferes with function of the wild type allele |
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Term
| What does a 'gain of function' mutation do? |
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Definition
| enhances normal function of the gene |
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Term
| If a black hamster X a white hamster produces a grey hamster, what may you conclude about the dominance of the black & white genes? |
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Definition
| They are incomplete/partially dominant |
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Term
| If a brown cat with white feet is crossed to a grey cat, and the offspring are grey with white feet, what can you conclude about the dominance of the genes? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you describe the dominance hierarchy of multiple alleles |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
All alleles act independently |
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Definition
False
Different combinations/interactions between alleles can produce different phenotypes |
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Term
| What factors can influence a phenotype? |
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Definition
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Term
True or false
Only the internal environment can affect the phenotype |
|
Definition
False
The external (physical) environment can also affect phenotype |
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Term
| What is the name for a mutation that is dependent on the environment |
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Definition
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Term
| The dietary influence on the mutation of PAH protein is an example of what kind of mutation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of a gene that affects multiple phenotypes |
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Definition
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Term
| If a group of individuals all exhibit the same phenotype, but in varying degrees, how would you describe the gene? |
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Definition
| It exhibits variable expresivity |
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Term
| If an individual possesses the appropriate genotype, but does not exhibit the corresponding phenotype, how would you describe it? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| An allele from one gene overrides the effect of other genes on the overall phenotype |
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Term
True or False
All cells contain different DNA & identical mRNA |
|
Definition
False
All cells have identical DNA & different mRNA |
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Term
True or False
During cell differentiation, some genes are 'lost' |
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Definition
| False, genes are not lost |
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Term
True or False
Genome size is proportional to the complexity of the organism |
|
Definition
False
A more complex organism has a larger genome typically, but there is no complexity:size ratio |
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Term
Which would have a larger genome?
A fruit fly or a butterfly |
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Definition
| Most likely, the butterfly |
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Term
| How is gene expression regulated in eukaryotes? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do interactions between proteins & DNA sequences regulate? |
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Definition
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Term
| In addition to basic regulatory & coding regions of a gene, what else might you find? |
|
Definition
| Tissue specific enhancers |
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Term
| These proteins bind to specific sequences within the promoter region |
|
Definition
| Basal transcription factors |
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Term
| These proteins bind to sequences in promoters OR enhancers |
|
Definition
| Regulatory transcription factors |
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|
Term
| What do basal transcription factors do? |
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Definition
| Facilitate the binding of RNA polymerase |
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|
Term
| These transcription factors are expressed in almost all cells |
|
Definition
| Basal transcription factors |
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|
Term
| What do regulatory transcription factors do? |
|
Definition
| Facilitate the function of basal transcription factors & RNA polymerase |
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|
Term
| These transcription factors are expressed in tissue-specific patterns |
|
Definition
| Regulatory transcription factors |
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|
Term
True or False
Chromosomes are all condensed to the same degree |
|
Definition
False
They are not uniformly condensed |
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|
Term
True or false
DNA compaction is regulated & a factor in gene expression |
|
Definition
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