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Biol 103 Chap 1
Mader, Biology, 10th Edition
38
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/08/2009

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Term
Name and describe six common characteristics that all living organisms share.
Definition
1. Cellular organization
2. metabolism
3. homeostasis
4. heredity
5. reproduction
6. undergo adaptation over time
Term
List in the proper order and describe the levels in which life is organized.
Definition
atom
molecule
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere
Term
Atom
Definition
smallest unit of an element
Term
Molecule
Definition
union of two or more atoms
Term
Cell
Definition
the structural and functional unit of all living things-----LIFE BEGINS
Term
Tissue
Definition
group of cells with a common structure and function
Term
Organ
Definition
composed of tissues functioning together for a specific task
Term
Organ System
Definition
composed of several organs working together
Term
Organism
Definition
an individual, complex individuals contain organ systems-----INTERACTIONS
Term
Population
Definition
organisms of the same species in a particular area
Term
Communities
Definition
interacting populations in a particular area
Term
Ecosystems
Definition
a community plus the physical environment
Term
Biosphere
Definition
regions of the earths crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by living things
Term
What is the meaning of the term “emergent properties?”
Definition
Novel properties that come about from interactions of the parts of any system.
Term
Science
Definition
a way of learning and knowing about the world
Term
Biology
Definition
the study of life
Term
Scientific method
Definition
descriptive generalization about the natural world
Term
STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Definition
1. Observations-New observations are made, previous data is studied
2. Hypothesis- Input from various sources is used to formulate a testable statement.
3. Experiment/Observations- hypothesis is tested by experiments or further observations.
4. Conclusion- the results are analyzed, the hypothesis is supported or rejected
5. Scientific Theory- Many experiments and observations support a theory
Term
Observations
Definition
New observations are made, previous data is studied
Term
Hypothesis- Input from various sources is used to formulate a testable statement.
Inductive reasoning- from specific observations to general principals
Deductive reasoning- from general principals to predict specific results
Definition
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
Input from various sources is used to formulate a testable statement.
Term
Inductive reasoning
Definition
from specific observations to general principals
Term
Deductive reasoning
Definition
from general principals to predict specific results
Term
hypothesis
Definition
leads to a prediction on the outcome of an experiment
Term
theory
Definition
a descriptive generalization about the natural world, well-substantiated, repeatable data is
good and solid
Term
principle/law
Definition
a widely accepted set of theories, no serious challenges to validity.
Term
Negative Control
Definition
Do everything in the experiment except add the “active ingredient”
Exclude the variable being tested
Expect nothing to happen since the critical variable is left out.
Term
Positive Control
Definition
Add something that you know will give you a particular outcome
Manipulate the variable in such a way that you know what the outcome will be.
Term
Metabolism
Definition
acquire material and energy
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
maintain internal environment
Term
Genes
Definition
unit of heredity
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
process that causes change (adaptations)
Term
Evolution
Definition
change within a population over time
Term
Three Domains
Definition
Eubacteria
Archea
Eukarya
Term
Four Kingdoms of Domain eukarya
Definition
Plantae
Animalia
Protista
Fungi
Term
Levels of Classification
Definition
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Term
Ultimate source of energy
Definition
the sun
Term
Biodiversity
Definition
the total number of and relative abundance of species, the variability of their genes, and the variety of the ecosystems in which they live.
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