Term
| What is/are the difference(s) between prokaryote and eukaryote cells? |
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Definition
| Prok do not have membrane bound organelles and Euk do. Prok has circular DNA and "nuclear content" in its cytoplasm; Euk has a nucleus that contains this same content. |
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Term
| Kingdoms of Domain Eukarya |
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Definition
| Planta, Fungi, Animalia, Protists. |
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Term
| Kingdom of Domain Archaea |
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Definition
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Term
| Kingdom of Domain Bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Deriving energy from organic molecules made by other organisms |
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Definition
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Term
| Feeders on dead organic matter (then releasing nutrients locked in dead tissue) |
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Definition
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Term
| Deriving energy from photosynthesis or oxidating inorganic molecules |
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Definition
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Term
| Difference between heterotrophic and decomposers |
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Definition
| Heterotrophs can obtain their energy from still-living organisms;Decomposers strictly feed of dead organisms. |
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Term
| Difference between binary fission and conjugation |
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Definition
| Binary fission is an asexual process that divides one organism into two separate but equal organisms;Conjugation is a sexual process where two compatible (male and female)organisms lock together, exchange nuclear material, and split twice by binary fission. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3 basic shapes of bacteria and example. |
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Definition
| Cocci (spherical);Streptococcus. Bacillus (rod-shaped);Pseudomonas. Spirillum (spiral-shaped);Spirilla. |
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Term
| Difference(s) between Gram-positive and Gram-negative. |
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Definition
| Gpos bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan that holds the purple dye in at the alcohol stage. Gneg has a thin layer of this peptidoglycan that cannot hold the purple at the same stage, thus only appearing pink or red. |
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Term
| Why is peptidoglycan unique to bacteria? |
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Definition
| Peptidoglycan is a polymer wall made of sugars and amino acids and forms the cell wall. It is unique to the bacteria because Eukaryote cells that actually have cell walls use cellulose and Archaea cells use other polysaccharides instead. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When certain bacteria and cyanobacteria transform atmospheric nitrogen, N2, into organic nitrogen compounds that can be used as plant nutrients. |
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Definition
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Term
| A group/cluster of bacteria derived from one common bacteria. |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 forms of bacterial colonies |
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Definition
| Circular, Pinpoint, Irregular & Spreading, Filamentous, Wrinkled |
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Term
| 5 Margins of bacterial colonies |
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Definition
| irregular (erose), smooth (entire), wavy (undulated, lobate, filamentous |
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Term
| 4 elevations of bacterial colonies |
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Definition
| flat, raised, convex, umbonate |
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Term
| How are bacterial colonies classified? |
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Definition
| by form, margin, elevation, color, and diameter |
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Term
| A petri dish of solid medium that has been uniformly inoculated on its entire surface with a known bacterium or an unknown sample from an infected patient |
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Definition
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Term
Type of bacteria:
-photosynthetic
-has chlorophyll a, phycoyanin(blue), and phycoerythrin (red)
-"blue-green algae": ranges from brown to olive green
-reproduce by fission
-prokaryote |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 main types of protists. |
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Definition
Algae:plant-like
Protozoan: Animal-like |
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Term
Type of Algae:
-chlorophyll a and b
-starch as carb storage material
-cell walls made of cellulose
-phylum chlorophyta |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Haploid cell divides asexually and makes self copes.
2. Acts as gametes and fuses to make zygotes.
3. Zygote becomes thick and becomes a zygospore.
4. Meiosis produces four haploid individuals .
Only + and - can mate with one another, but both can divide asexually and make more copies. |
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Term
| Difference between filamentous and colonial algae. |
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Definition
| Colonial algae appear spherical and Filamentous algae appear stringy or spiral-like. |
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Term
| Difference between asexual and sexual reproduction |
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Definition
| Sexual reproduction requires a "male" and "female" part coming together to form an offspring that goes through meiosis. Asexual reproduction only needs one part dividing itself to another exact copy through mitosis. |
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Term
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Definition
Euglenophyta(euglenas)
chrysophyta (diatoms)
pyrrophyta (dinoflagellates)
chlorophyta (green algae)
rhodophyta (red algae)
phaeophyta (brown algae) |
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Term
Type of algae:
-primarily marine, grow in cool water and contain fucoxanthin
-no unicellularity or colonialism
-phylum phaeophyta |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Type of algae:
-obtain color from phycobilins in plastids
-warm marine water
-free-floating, filamentous, or fleshy
-phylum rhodophyta |
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Definition
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Term
Type of algae:
-unicellular
-has chlorophyll a and c
-cell walls accumulate in layers of diatomaceious earth
-photosynthetic
-phylum bacillariophyta |
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Definition
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Term
| How do Spirogyra reproduce? |
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Definition
sexually through conjugation
asexually through filamentous fragmentation |
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Term
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Definition
| asexually through forming colonies. |
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Term
Type of algae:
-unicellular
-two flagella
-red tides: blooms of these
-important producers in ocean
-bioluminescent or symbiotic
-phylum dinozoa |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of Amoeba |
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Definition
-phylum rhizopoda
-false feet, pseudopodia
-made of structureless sarcode
-very simple, no skeleton no organs, no mouth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Testing for presence of bacteria, yeast, and mold by using test strips that allow them to grow on it. |
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Definition
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Term
Type of amoeba:
-"shelled amoeba" surround self in secreted test
-long, thin, stiff pseudopods
-fossil used for finding oil-bearing strata
-phylum foraminifera |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A protozoan with flagella. |
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Term
Type of flagellate:
-phylum kinetoplastea
-pathogenic, case African sleeping sickness and Chaga's disease (Charles Darwin rumoured to have died from)
-spread by infection from biting insects like mosquitos, sand flies, tsetse flies |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Protozoans that have cilia. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Type of ciliate:
-free-living, fresh water
-sexually reproduce through conjugation |
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Definition
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Term
Type of Apicomplexan (nonmotile parasites of animals):
-pathogen
-causes malaria through infected mosquitoes. once infected the blood cells are ruptured, causing cycles of fever and chills. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of a sclerotium? |
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Definition
| The plasmodium dries into a sclerotium when it is put under poor-to-thrive conditions and stays in this dormant stage until it is exposed to a livable environment |
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Term
| A vegetative stage that plasmodium goes through if it is put under poor conditions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of slime mold |
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Definition
-often classified as fungi, but has amoeboid characteristics like phagocytic nutrition and unique cellular form
-lack hyphae of fungi and do not contain chitin in cell walls
-plasmodium is a slime mold
-live beneath detached tree trunks and occasionally on lawns and beneath shrubs. |
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Term
| A slender filament of cytoplasn and nuclei enclosed by cell wall, structure of fungi. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why are fungi called absorptive heterotrophs? |
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Definition
| Because it excretes fluid to break down and absorb organic subtrates. |
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Term
| Fungi that obtain food from dead organic matter. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungi that feed on living organisms |
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Definition
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Term
| Modified hyphae that many parasitic fungi have |
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Definition
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Term
| How do fungi asexually reproduce? |
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Definition
| by mitotic production of haploid vegetative cells (spores) in sporangia or conidiophores |
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