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| The biological specialty that deals with grouping and naming of organisms is called taxonomy or |
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| The biological specialty that deals with the study of evolutionary relationships is called |
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| A _________________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants. |
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| A _________________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and some of its descendants |
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| A ____________ group does not contain the most recent common ancestor. |
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| Characteristics between the branch points of a cladogram that are shared by all organisms above the branch point and are not present in any below it are called |
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| Characteristics that have arisen in organisms as a result of common evolutionary descent are said to be _______________ characteristsics |
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| Derived character states shared by clade memebers are called |
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| Character states shared by the ancestor or outgroup of a clade are called |
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| A group is considered monophyletic if |
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| all memebrs of the group share a common ancestor that is included in the group |
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| A group is considered paraphyletic if |
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| not all descendants of the common ancestor are included |
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| A group is considered polyphyletic if |
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| the group does not contain the most recent common ancestor |
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| Which one of the following statements about molecular clocks is false? |
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Definition
| All molecular clocks tick at the same rate. |
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| Systematics often use molecular data in ______________, the study of the order of evolutionary events within a group sharing derived characters. |
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| The entire DNA sequence of a species is called its |
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| Comparisons of human and mouse genomes reveals |
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Definition
| the genomes are very similar, with most of the genes unique to mice linked to size and shape |
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| The genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a small member of the mustard family of plants, and rice, Oryza sativa, have been sequenced. The findings include |
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Definition
| the genome for each is almost identical, indicating that they diverged in the fairly recent past |
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| There are at least 6 ways that genomes undergo change. They include all of the following except |
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Definition
| regions of DNA from 3 or more chromosomes form a new chromosome (multisomy) |
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| When an entire genome duplicates so that 3 or more complete copies of the genome exist in each cell |
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Definition
| that is the major cause of polyploidy |
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| Which one of the following statements comparing the human and mouse genomes is false? |
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Definition
| Little rearrangement of genes has occurred in the two genomes |
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| Genes in two or more species that share the same ancestral sequence |
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| Two genes in a single species that arose from the duplication of one gene in an ancestor |
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| Three or more complete copies of a genome |
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| DNA sequences similar to functional genes but not producing functional products |
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| The linear order of genes along a chromosome |
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| The name of an organism according to the binomial system developed by Linnaeus includes both the genus and the |
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| The highest (and most inclusive) unit of biological classification is called |
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| The early Earth's reducing atmosphere probably contained all of the following except |
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| A kingdom not containing eukaryotes is |
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| In the taxonomic hierarchical system fore grouping organisms, the next higher group to a family is |
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| Most biologists now recognize and use a newer system for classification of all organisms that identify |
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| Eukaryotic organisms are classified into a total of |
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| Eukaryotic cells acquired mitochondria and chloroplasts by |
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| The binomial system of classification of organisms was developed by |
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| The biological name of an organism system contains two parts, the genus and the |
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| Of the following, the correct order from largest, most inclusive group to smallest, most specific group is |
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| class, order, family, genus, species |
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| Living organisms can be divided into _______ domains. |
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| Which of the following cannot be included in the main categories of archaebacteria? |
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| Pinus in the scientific name Pinus ponderosa is the |
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| Which of the following statements about viruses is not accurate? |
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Definition
| Viruses can be placed in the Archaea Domain of life because of their similarities with these primitive organisms |
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| Which of the following statements about viruses is false? |
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Definition
| Viruses are considered detached fragments of prokaryotic genomes |
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| Which one of the following statements about protists is false? |
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Definition
| The choanoflagellates are more closely related to the fungi than to other protists |
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