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Details Title: Biochemistry Description: Organic Compounds/Functional Groups Total Flash Cards: 30 Created: 10/13/2004 14:54:24	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Eth- Definition Two Carbons Term Meth- Definition One Carbon Term Prop- Definition Three Carbons Term But- Definition Four Carbons Term Pent- Definition Five Carbons Term Hex- Definition Six Carbons Term Hept- Definition Seven Carbons Term Non- Definition Nine Carbons Term Dec- Definition Ten Carbons Term Structural Isomers Definition Variation in covalent partners, in which each share the same molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms. Term Geometric Isomers Definition The variation in the arrangement of a double bond. Term Enantiomers Definition Variations in spatial arrangements around an assymetric carbon, which results in molecules that are mirror images of one another. They cannot be superimposed on one another. Term Hydroxyl Group Definition R-OH or R-O-H Common in alcohols Slighly Polar Tend to form Hydrogen Bonds Example: Ethyl Alchohol (C2H5OH) Term Amino Group Definition R-NH2 Common in Nitrogen Bases Part of each Amino Acid Weak base in water, where it accepts a + Term Carboxyl Group Definition R-COOH (double-bonded Oxygen) Common in Amino Acids Organic Acids, weak acid in water, releases + Term Methyl Group Definition R-CH3 Common in organic molecules Nonpolar Insoluable in water Term Aldehyde Group Definition R-CHO (on a Oxygen is bonded on a primary carbon) Slightly Polar Soluble in water Common in sugars Term Sulfhydryl Group Definition R-SH or R-S-H Common in Proteins, where it forms covalent bonds between polypeptides. Amino Acids with a Radical group that contains sulfur=Cystene Methionine Term Ketone Group Definition R-CO-R Slightly Polar Soluble in water Common in Sugars Oxygen is NEVER bonded on a primary Carbon. Term Phosphate Group Definition R-H2PO4 Polar weak acid Releases 2 protons in water Participates in energy transfers in cells when in ATP Found in nucleic acids - DNA & RNA Term Esters Definition R-C-O-R (With an Oxygen double bonded to the Carbon) Formation of bonds by dehydration synthesis Combination of an acid with an alcohol Term Ethanol Definition Term Propenone Definition Term Butenol Definition Term Triose Sugars Definition C3H6O3 Aldose Ketose Term Triose Sugars Definition C3H6O3 Aldose - Glyceraldehyde Ketose - Dihydroxyacetone Term Pentose Sugars Definition C5H10O5 Aldose - Ribose Ketose - Ribulose Term Lipids Definition 1. Triglycerides 2. Phospholipids 3. Wax 4. Steroids Term Non-polar Proteins Definition (Hydrocarbons) Glycine Alanine Valine Leucine Isoleucine Mathionine Phenylalanine Tryptophan Proline Term Polar Proteins Definition (Alcohol, Aldehyde, Ketone) Serine Threonine Crysteine Tyrosine Asparagine Glutamine