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Definition
| Organic molecules, CHNOPS |
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Definition
| heat, energy and their interconversion, the study of E transfer |
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| amount of E in a mole (H) |
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| 2nd law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| entropy of any system increases, tendancy towards entropy |
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| 1st law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| conversion of E, E is neither created nor destroyed |
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Definition
| E used to construct complex moles (anabolic steroids) |
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| Will a rx occur (think thermodynamics) |
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Definition
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| ^S = S(B) - S (A), B has more entropy so (more broken car) will have +S |
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| A has more E, so -^H (takes more E to fix car...) |
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| Bomb calorimetry; burn compound, measure heat released |
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| E released from a compound is constant and independant of path; In other words, all that matters is the reaction and the products, and not how you got there, so bomb calorimetry has same E transfer as glycolysis |
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Definition
| Impractical- so measure ^G, |
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| Gibbs Free E- measures useful work obtainable from closed system |
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Definition
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Definition
| rx will not occur spontaniously |
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Definition
| Rx will proceed spontaniously |
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Term
| ^G knot primed = (equation) |
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Definition
| = -RTlnKeq (R= gas constant, 8.318 J/mol/K, T = K, Keq uses [A] and [B], and pH) |
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Term
| How does unfavorable rx proceed? |
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Definition
| add E, couple them to favorable reactions (to get to Santa Margarita, couple getting there with combustion rx, by putting gas in car) |
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Definition
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Definition
| ATP- first 2 phosphates release 30.5 kJ/mol |
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| Spontaneously, but maybe not at fast rate (sugar will eventually burn/combust) |
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| To keep skittles from combusting or gasoline from singing eyebrows as pump out of pump, what do we have??? |
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Definition
| Activation E, a barrier!!! |
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Term
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Definition
| Weak bonds and transient reactions that happen, then unhappen, so we can take our clothes off and meet new H's- weak bonds = ionic, H bonds, Van Der Waals, Hydrophobic interactions |
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Definition
| covalent bonds; share e-'s |
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Definition
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Definition
| weak, transient inta based on induced dipole moments |
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| weak, rather be together than with polar moles |
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| order of decreasing strength bonds |
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Definition
| covalent, ionic, H bonds, Van Der Walls, Hydrohobic intera |
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| enzymes, structural, signaling, transporters, DNA binding proteins, carriers |
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| order which aas are linked together in polypeptide chain |
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| hrough condesnsation rx (aa example) |
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| 3D protein structure, weak bonding (h-bonding, vanderwaals, etc) *a-helix, b-sheet, random coil |
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Definition
| interaction of 2' structures to form overall 3-D structure, whole polypetptide chain (ionic, hydrophobic bonds) |
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Definition
| part of 3' structure, covalent bonds form, as found in curly hair |
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Definition
| speed rx, decrease activation E |
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Definition
| 2 or more ezs that catalyze same rx, , found diff places, allow for compartmentalization |
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Definition
| chemical teeth (of abomnible showman), stabalize ez structure |
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Definition
| physical structure of substrate that it needs to be so it can turn into the product |
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Definition
| makes changes, coverts it to transition state |
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| affinity constant, [S] that corresponds to 1/2 Vmax |
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| V = Vmax[S]/Km + [S]... km = concentration where velocity is 1/2 the max |
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Definition
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| Factors affecting ez kinetics |
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Definition
| amt of ez, post translational modification of ez, (covalent modification w. phosphorylation, proteolitic cleavage), environmental conditions, amount of S, inhibitors, allosteric regulators |
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