Term
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Definition
| structure resembles pyrophosphate; used to treat osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta by reducing the activity of bone resorbing osteoclasts |
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Term
| primary structure of collagen |
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Definition
| Gly-X-Y repeating sequence; lack of steric hinderance of Gly allows for tight association of triple helix, high amount of proline/hydroxyproline creates left-handed helix |
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Term
| most abundant protein in the human body? |
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Definition
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Term
| quartenary structure of collagen |
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Definition
| 3 molecule triple helix with only interchain H bonding, called a tropocollagen molecule in type I collagen |
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Term
| assembly of collagen molecule |
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Definition
| assembled inside of cell as procollagen with C- and N-terminal domains that form disulfide bonds to "register" 3 collagen molecules; exits cell and ends are cleaved by peptidases so can self-aggregate into larger structures- can only exits the cell in an unaggregated form |
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Term
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Definition
| 5 staggered collagen helices form cable |
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Term
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Definition
| fibril-forming collagen found in most connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| fibril-forming collagen found in cartilage and vitreous humor |
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Term
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Definition
| fibril-forming collagen found in extensible connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| fibril-forming connective tissue found in tissues containing type I collagen |
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Term
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Definition
| fibril-associated collagen found in tissues with type I collagen |
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Term
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Definition
| network-forming collagen found in basal lamina |
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Term
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Definition
| anchoring filament collagen that attaches basal lamina to underlying connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrophobic protein with characteristic repeat Val-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly with random coil 2* structure, stretches and relaxes; cross links are desmosines and isodesmosines; coated with glycoprotein fibrillin ("yin" to collagen's "yang") |
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Term
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Definition
scaffolding
barrier to cellular migration
reservoir for growth factors
signaling to cell during wound healing, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
fibrous proteins (elastin, collagen, keratin)
hydrated gel (hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans, "ground" substances)
adhesive matrix proteins (fibronectin, laminin, etc.)
cells |
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Term
| ECM protein found in proteoglycan |
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Definition
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Term
| ECM protein found in connective tissue |
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Definition
| multiadhesive protein fibronin |
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Term
| ECM protein found in basal lamina |
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Definition
| multiadhesive protein laminin |
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Term
| components of hydrated gels |
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Definition
| GAGs and water; fibers embedded into this substance |
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Term
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Definition
| subset of GAGs; GAG + protein core |
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Term
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Definition
| proteoglycan found in cartilage; supportive; aggregates w/ hyaluronic acid and TGFβ |
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Term
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Definition
| proteoglycan found in basal lamina; structure and filtering |
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Term
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Definition
| proteolgycan found in ECM; binds to type I collagen and TGFβ |
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Term
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Definition
| multiadhesive matrix protein; binding sites for type I collagen, integrins, hep sulfate, and fibrin |
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Term
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Definition
| multiadhesive matrix protein found in basal lamina of endo-/epithelium; first to appear during development |
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Term
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Definition
| Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate sequence on fibronectin that creates the binding domain for fibronectin receptors (integrins) |
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Term
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Definition
| multiadhesive matrix protein found in basal lamina; binds type IV collagen, etc. |
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Term
| transmembrane cell adhesion proteins |
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Definition
| CAMs, cadherins, integrins, and selectins |
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Term
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Definition
| important homophilic transmembrane cellular adhesion proteins in desmosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| homophilic transmembrane adhesion proteins with super secondary structure similar to Igs |
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Term
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Definition
| heterophilic transmembrane adhesion proteins that bind to ECM protein (ligand); obligate heterodimer attached to CPM with single transmembrane domain; multiple combos possible; may be in inactive state; signalling, respond to internal and external changes; work synergisticly with GFs |
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Term
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Definition
| heterophilic transmembrane adhesion proteins that bind to integral carbohydrates (glycoproteins) |
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Term
| functions of cytoskeleton |
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Definition
motility
contraction
movmt of organelles
structural integrity
mvmt of vescicles
furnishes binding sites for RNA and proteins |
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Term
| components of cytoskeleton |
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Definition
microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments |
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Term
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Definition
| "microfilaments"; most abundant protein in the cytoskeleton; Manganese and ATP important to polymerization; controls shape, movement of cell membrane; organization controlled by actin nucleating and actin binding proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| globular (G-actin) -> filamentous (F-actin)- polar molecule; treadmilling G added to + end, activates ATPase, falls off - end |
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Term
| positive actin polymerization regulating molecules |
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Definition
profilin- enhances exchange of ADP for ATP
tropomodulin- binds - end and stabilizes molecule |
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Term
| negative regulation of actin polymerization |
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Definition
thymosin beta-4- sequesters ATP-G-actin
cofillin- breaks up F-actin
cap-Z- binds + end to prevent further polymerization |
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Term
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Definition
| family of protein that help nucleate, facilitate production of long, unbranched actin filaments |
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Term
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Definition
| actin nulceating proteins that facilitate production of branched actin filaments like those found in the leading edge of migrating cells; controlled by intracellular signal transduction |
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Term
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Definition
controlled by actin filaments and cellular signalling molecules (Arp 2/3, etc.)
1. focal adhesion
2. lamellipodium extension
3. new adhesion
4. translocation of cell body
5. de-adhesion and endocytic recycling |
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Term
| leading edge of cell migration- proteins |
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Definition
Cdc42 + GTP -> WASP -> Arp2/3->filapodia
Rac + GTP -> WAVE -> Arp2/3 -> lamellipodia |
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Term
| trailing edge of cell migration-proteins |
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Definition
| Rho + GTP (diff. G protein) -> formin (actin polymerization into stress fibers) and myosin (contraction); also blocks Rac, est. polarity |
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Term
| actin-crosslinking protein |
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Definition
fimbrin- microvilli (think fimbriae)
α-actinin- stress fibers
spectrin- cell cortex
integrins- link to ECM (signals, focal adhesions) |
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Term
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Definition
| more stable than microfilaments and microtubules; form network throughout cell; exchange subunits along their length via phosphorylation; create desmosomes and hemidesmosomes in epithelial cells |
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Term
| class of intermediate filaments in epithelial cells |
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Definition
| acidic keratins(class I) and basic keratins (class II) |
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Term
| class of intermediate filaments in muscle, glial, and mesenchymal cells |
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Definition
| desmin, vimentin, GFAP (class III) |
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Term
| class of intermediate filaments in neurons |
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Definition
| neurofilaments (class IV) |
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Term
| class of intermediate filaments in nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| non-enzymatic condensation of amino acids with monosaccharides (usu. glucose)forming Schiff bases which undergo Amadori rearrangements, ie glycated hemoglobin like HbA1C |
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Term
| major nucleotide sugar donor classes |
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Definition
GDP-sugars
UDP-sugars
CMP-sugars |
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Term
| glycosidic linkage components |
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Definition
| nucleotide sugar donor + sugar acceptor + glycosyltransferase |
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Term
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Definition
| N- or O- substituted neuramic acid found at the terminal end of sugar chains in complex type N-glycan |
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Term
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Definition
high mannose type
complex type |
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Term
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Definition
1. neutral "high mannose" sugar chain assembled on carrier dolichol phosphate
2. transfer of chain to Asn of protein
3. processing into complex-type |
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Term
| specificity of hemmaglutinin in influenza |
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Definition
| sialic acid-binding lectin |
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Term
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Definition
| highly specific carbohydrate-binding protein |
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Term
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Definition
| sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipid |
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