Term
What is the cytoskeleton?
It is composed of what?
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Definition
Composed of three main types of fibres :
1. Microtubules
2. Intermediate filaments
3. Microfilaments |
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Term
What are microtubule made out of? Describe to the finest detail!
What are their functions?
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Definition
Microtubule are hollow tubes or walls that consists of 13 columns of tubulin. - Tubulin are dimers of alpha tubulin and beta tubulin
Functions
- Maintain cell shape
- Cell mobility
-Chromosome movement during cell division
- Organelle movement
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Term
What are intermediate filaments?
What are their functions? |
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Definition
Fibrous proteins coiled, then supercoiled into thick cables
They have a tissue specific protein composition
Fuctions :
Maintain cell shape
Anchorage of nucleus and some other organelles
Formation of nuclear lamina |
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Term
What are Microfilaments?
What are its functions? |
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Definition
Microfilaments are two intertwined strands of actin - each a polymer of actin subunits
Functions :
Maintain cell shape
Changes in cell shape
Cell motility
Cell division
(Muscle contraction) |
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Term
| What is the cytoskeleton functions? |
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Definition
1. Provides structural integrity of the cell
2. Drives cell motility
3. Forms cell surface structures that probe the environment (filopodia, microvili)
4. Movement of cargo inside the cell
5. Cell division - Separation of chromosomes, Cytokenesis |
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Term
What are the two main parts of motor protein?
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Definition
Two connectors to a cell structue (i.e vesicle)
Two "feet"
Look at page 10 lec 6 if cant find out |
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Term
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Definition
Comprise part of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC)
Involved in microtubule "Spindle" organization of during cell division.
Flagella and cilia arise from centrioles
Made up of 9 sets of 3 microtubules |
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Term
How do flagella and cilia move?
What are cilia? |
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Definition
Cilia are motile structures extending from cell surface
Flagella and cilia move when dynien motor protein slide the microtubules over each other to produce movement |
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Term
How do Flagella move?
How do cilia move? |
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Definition
Flagella move in S waves - Propels a cell through a watery medium
Cilia move in oarlike strokes - Moves fluid over cell surface |
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Term
| Prokaryotic Flagella vs Eukaryotic Flagella |
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Definition
1.Eukaryotic Flagella are larger
2.Prokaryotic flagella can have many
3.Eukaryotic flagella move in bendy movements Prokaryotic flagella move in rotary movements |
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Term
Look up diagram of plant cell in lecture slides
pg22 |
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Definition
| Plant cell lecture slides |
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Term
What do cell walls do in plant cell?
What are they composed of? |
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Definition
Cell walls support and protect the plant cell
They are composed of cellulose fibres, embedded in branched carbohydrate networks
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Term
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Definition
| Plasmodesmata are small channels that perforate the cell wall. -All ions and molecules that move between cells go through these |
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Term
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Definition
| Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis |
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Term
| Breifly describe photosynthesis |
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Definition
| Molecules in the thylakoid membrane absorb light energy (light reaction) then Enzymes in the stroma use this energy to make carbohydrates |
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Term
What is the central vacuole?
What are its storage functions? |
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Definition
Central vacuole are large vesicles that perform specialized functions
90% of plant cell volume can be occupied by central vacuoles
Storage function :
Salts
Sugars
Pigments
Waste products |
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Term
What surrounds the central vacuole?
What is that thing consist of? |
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Definition
A central vacuole is surrounded by a tonoplast membrane.
Tonoplasts contain transport protein to move material in and out.
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