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| Having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, as in a phospholipid or a detergent molecule. |
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| Pigmented protein found in the plasma membrane of a salt-loving bacterium, Halobacterium halobium; it pumps protons out of the cell in response to light. |
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| A layer of sugar residues, including the polysaccharide portions of proteoglycans and oligosaccharides attached to protein or lipid molecules, on the outer surface of a cell. |
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| Lipid molecule with a characteristic four-ringed steroid structure that is an important component of the plasma membranes of animal cells. |
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| Soapy substance used by biochemists to solubilize membrane proteins. |
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| Thin bimolecular sheet of mainly phospholipid molecules that forms the structural basis for all cell membranes. The two layers of lipid molecules are packed with their hydrophobic tails pointing inward and their hydrophilic heads outward, exposed to water. |
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| Functionally specialized region in a cell membrane, characterized by the presence of particular proteins. |
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| A protein associated with a lipid bilayer; can be either integral (transmembrane) or peripheral. |
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| Common phospholipid present in abundance in most biological membranes. |
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| Type of lipid molecule used to make biological membranes. Generally composed of two fatty acids linked through glycerol phosphate to one of a variety of polar groups. |
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| The membrane that surrounds a living cell. |
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| Describes an organic molecule that contains no double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. Not unsaturated. |
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| Describes a molecule that contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. |
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