Term
| Two nucleotides in an RNA or a DNA molecule that are specifically paired by hydrogen bonds (G:C and A:T or U) |
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| Reproductive cycle of the cell: the orderly sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its contents and divides into two. |
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| Constricted region of a mitotic chromosome that holds sister chromatids together; also the site on the DNA where kinetochore forms and then captures microtubules from the mitotic spindle. |
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| Complex of DNA, histones, and non-histone proteins found in the nucleus of a eucaryotic cell. The material of which chromosomes are made. |
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| Enzyme that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to alter histone-DNA interactions in eucaryotic chromosomes; the resulting alteration changes the accessibility of the underlying DNA to other proteins, including those involved in transcription. |
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| chromatin-remodeling complex |
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Term
| Long threadlike structure composed of DNA and associated proteins that carries the genetic information of an organism. Especially visible when plant and animal cells undergo mitosis or meiosis. |
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| Describes two molecular surfaces that fit together closely and form non-covalent bonds with each other. Examples include complementary base pairs. |
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| Double-stranded polynucleotide formed from two separate chains of covalently linked deoxyribonucleotide units. It serves as the cell's store of genetic information that is transmitted from generation to generation. |
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| The typical conformation of a DNA molecule in which two polynucleotide strands are wound around each other with base pairing between the strands. |
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| Inherited that is superimposed on the information inherited in the DNA sequence itself. Often, information in the form of a particular type of chromatin structure. |
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| One of the two main states in which chromatin exists within an interphase cell, the other being heterochromatin. Characterized by particular histone modifications and associated proteins; genes in euchromatin are in general able to be expressed. |
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| Region of DNA that controls a discrete hereditary characteristic of an organism, usually responsible for specifying a single protein or RNA molecule. |
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| The total genetic information carried by a cell or an organism. |
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| Region of a chromosome that remains unusually condensed and transcriptionally inactive during interphase. |
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| One of a group of abundant basic proteins, rich in arginine and lysine, that are associated with DNA in chromosomes to form nucleosomes. |
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| A display of the full set of chromosomes of a cell arranged with respect to size, shape, and number. |
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| Large structure in the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is transcribed and ribosomal subunits are assembled. |
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| Beadlike structural unit of a eucaryotic chromosome composed of a short length of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins; the fundamental subunit of chromatin. |
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| Site on a chromosome at which DNA replication begins. |
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| Structure at the ends of linear chromosomes, associated with a characteristic DNA sequence that is replicated in a special way. Counteracts the tendency of chromosome otherwise to shorten with each round of replication. |
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