Term
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Definition
Cells are units of life.
Organisms can be single cells, colonies, or multicellular. |
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Term
| What are the two basic types of cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do Prokaryotes consist of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do Eukaryotes consist of? |
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Definition
Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae
(Peter Flies Air Planes) |
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Term
| Which parts of the microscope enlarge images formed by the objective lens? |
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Definition
| The Eyepiece and the Ocular Lens. |
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Term
| Which parts of the microscope magnify specimen, forming primary images? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which parts of the microscope focus light through specimen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the Condenser Lens located? |
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Definition
| Above the light source towards the bottom of the microscope. |
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Term
| Where is the Ocular Lens located? |
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Definition
| The Ocular lens is located at the top of the microscope by the Eyepiece. |
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Term
| Where is the Objective Lens located? |
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Definition
| The objective lens is located in the middle of the microscope, near the specimen. |
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Term
1 meter = ? millimeters
(1 m = ? mm) |
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Definition
1 meter = 103 millimeters
(1 m = 103 mm) |
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Term
1 meter = ? micrometers
(1 m = ? μm) |
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Definition
1 meter = 106 micrometers
(1 m = 106 μm) |
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Term
1 meter = ? nanometers
(1 m = ? nm) |
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Definition
1 meter = 109 nanometers
(1 m = 109 nm) |
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Term
| What is the average size (in microns) of Prokaryote cells? |
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Definition
mostly 1-10 microns
Prokaryotes can be as small as 0.2 microns or as large as 750 microns
*Prokaryotes are much smaller than Eukaryotes |
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Term
| What is the average size (in microns) of Eukaryote cells? |
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Definition
mostly 10-100 microns
Eukaryotes can be meters long |
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Term
| Surface area is proportional to __. |
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Definition
| Surface area is proportional to L2. |
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Term
| Volume is proportional to __. |
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Definition
| Volume is proportional to L3. |
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Term
| The ratio of surface area to volume ______ as size increases. |
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Definition
| The ratio of surface area to volume decreases as size increases. |
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Term
| The ratio of surface area to volume decreases as size ______. |
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Definition
| The ratio of surface area to volume decreases as size increases. |
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Term
The ratio of surface area to volume _____ as size _____. |
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Definition
| The ratio of surface area to volume decreases as size increases. |
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Term
| What are three characteristics of Prokaryotes? |
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Definition
1.) No internal membranes
2.) 70s ribosomes
3.) circular DNA and plasmids |
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Term
| What are four characteristics of Eukaryotes? |
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Definition
1.) extensive internal membrane systems
2.) membrane-bound nucleus
3.) 80s ribosomes
4.) linear DNA, histones, chromosomes |
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Term
Prokaryote or Eukaryote:
circular DNA and plasmids |
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Definition
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Term
Prokaryote or Eukaryote:
linear DNA, histones, chromosomes |
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Definition
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Term
Prokaryote or Eukaryote:
extensive internal membrane systems, including membrane-bound nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
Prokaryote or Eukaryote:
70s ribosomes |
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Definition
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Term
Prokaryote or Eukaryote:
no internal membranes |
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Definition
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Term
Prokaryote or Eukaryote:
80s ribosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two organells that phosphorylate ATP? |
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Definition
| Mitochondria and Chloroplast |
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Term
| What powers the mitochondria? |
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Definition
| The mitochondria is powered by oxidation of food molecules. |
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Term
| What powers the chloroplast? |
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Definition
| The chloroplasts are powered by light. |
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Term
| What are five characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts? |
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Definition
1.) similar size to prokaryote cells
2.) bounded by double membrane
3.) have their own circular DNA
4.) have their own ribosomes (70s)
5.) Reproduce by dividing |
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Term
| Which cell structures are involved in cell manufacturing? |
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Definition
Nucleus, Ribosomes, Rough ER, Smooth ER, and Golgi apparatus
(Nick Rents REally SExy GAls)
haha.... :) |
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Term
| Which cell structures are involved in breakdown? |
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Definition
Lysosomes, Vacuoles, and Peroxisomes
(Love Vulgar Pancakes)
????
I'm running out of great acronyms... |
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Term
| Which cell structures are involved in energy processing? |
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Definition
| Mitochondria and Chloroplasts |
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Term
| Which cell structures are involved in support, movement, and communication between cells? |
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Definition
| Cytoskeleton, Extracellular Matrix, Cell junctions, and Cell Walls |
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Term
| What is the function of the nucleus? |
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Definition
- DNA synthesis
- RNA synthesis
- assembly of ribosomal subunits (in nucleoli) |
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Term
| What is the function of ribosomes? |
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Definition
| Polypeptide (protein) synthesis |
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Term
| What is the function of the Rough ER? |
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Definition
- Synthesis of membrane lipids and proteins, secretory proteins, and hydrolytic enzymes
- Formation of transport vesicles |
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Term
| What is the function of the Smooth ER? |
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Definition
- Lipid synthesis
- Detoxification in liver cells
- Calcium ion storage |
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Term
| What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? |
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Definition
- Modification and transport of macromolecules
- Formation of lysosomes and transport vesicles |
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Term
| What is the function of Lysosomes? |
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Definition
- Only found in animal cells and some protists
- Digestion of ingested food, bacteria, and a cell's damaged organells and macromolecules for recyling |
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Term
| What is the function of vacuoles? |
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Definition
- Digestion (like lysosomes)
- Storage of chemicals
- cell enlargement
- water balance |
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Term
| What is the function of peroxisomes? |
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Definition
- Peroxisomes are not part of the endomembrane system
- Diverse metabolic processes with breakdown of H2O2 by-product |
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Term
| What is the function of mitochondria? |
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Definition
| Conversaion of chemical energy of food to chemical energy of ATP |
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Term
| What is the function of chloroplasts? |
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Definition
- only in plants and some protists
- conversion of light energy to chemical energy of sugars |
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Term
| What is the function of the cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
- this includes cillia, flagella, and centrioles in animal cells
- maintenance of cell shape
- anchorage for organelles
- cell movement
- mechanical transmission of signals from exterior of cell to interior |
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Term
| What is the function of the extracellular matrix? |
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Definition
- Only in animals
- binding of cells in tissures
- surface protection
- regulation of cellular activities |
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Term
| What is the function of cell junctions? |
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Definition
- Communication between cells
- Binding of cells in tissues |
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Term
| What is the function of cell walls? |
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Definition
- Only in plants, fungi, and some protists
- maintenance of cell shape and skeletal support
- surface protection
- binding of cells in tissues |
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