Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two states of energy? |
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Definition
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Definition
| energy of an object in motion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The study of energy and its transformations |
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Term
| When discussing thermodynamics, the object under study is called |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three kinds of systems? |
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Definition
isolated system
closed system
open system |
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Term
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Definition
| matter and energy cannot be exchanged |
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Term
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Definition
| energy can get in and out, matter can’t |
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Term
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Definition
| matter and energy can get in and out |
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Term
| All living systems must be what system? |
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Definition
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Term
All living systems must be an open system
Why? |
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Definition
| Nutrient has to come in, waste has to come out, exchange materials, or it will die |
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Term
| First law of thermodynamics states: |
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Definition
| Energy can transformed from one form to another, or transferred from one location to another, but can’t be created or destroyed |
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Term
| Second law of thermodynamics states: |
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Definition
| The total disorder (entropy) of a system and its surroundings always increases |
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Term
| Define spontaneous reaction. |
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Definition
| Chemical or physical reaction that will occur without an input of energy |
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Term
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Definition
| the portion of a system’s energy that is available to do work |
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Term
| What is the equation used to calculate change in free energy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is the change in enthalpy (potential energy in its system) |
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Term
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Definition
| is the absolute temp in degrees Kelvin (K) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Exergonic reactions will do what to energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Endergonic reactions will do what to energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reactions will be spontaneous if |
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Definition
| the products have less potential energy than the reactants |
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Term
Change in Entropy
Reactions will be spontaneous when |
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Definition
| the products are less ordered than the reactants |
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Term
| For a reaction to be spontaneous, change in free energy must be |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| energy is released by the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds (spontaneous) |
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Term
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Definition
| energy is used to build complicated molecules from simpler ones |
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Term
| Most biological reactions have a |
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Definition
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Term
| Therefore must have ? to provide the needed energy to make the reactions go forward. |
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Definition
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Term
| How does ATP provide energy? |
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Definition
| Removal of one or two phosphate groups |
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Term
| How much energy is released during the hydrolysis of ATP? |
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Definition
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Term
| During energy coupling, what happens to the terminal phosphate group when ATP is being hydrolyzed? |
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Definition
| Transferred to a reactant molecule involved in an endergonic reaction |
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Term
| addition of the phosphate group to the reactant is called |
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Definition
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Term
Even when a reaction is spontaneous, the reaction will not start unless a small amount of
? is added. |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common biological catalysts to make a reaction go faster are |
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Definition
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Term
| How do enzymes increase the rate of reactions? |
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Definition
| Lowering the activating energy of the reaction |
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Term
| By looking at the name of an enzyme, how can one determine that it is an enzyme? |
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Definition
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Term
| The reactant the enzyme acts on is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small pocket or groove in the enzyme molecule |
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Term
| What goes into the active site? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A nonprtein group that binds to the enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| metallic ions, zinc, ir, copper, magnesium, manganese |
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Term
| What are coenzymes? Examples of coenzymes? |
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Definition
| Small organic molecule, vitamins |
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Term
| What are the different factors that can affect enzyme activity? |
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Definition
1. concentration of substrate
2. inhibitors
3. regulation of enzymes
4. pH
5. temperature |
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Term
| What are the two different kinds of inhibitors? |
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Definition
competitive inhibition
non competitive inhibititor |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| non competitive inhibititor |
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Definition
| bind at location other than the active site |
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Term
| What are the two ways to regulate enzyme activity? |
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Definition
Allosteric
Feedback inhibition |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme activity is controlled by the regulatory molecule to the allosteric site, a location on the enzyme outside the active site |
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Term
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Definition
| excess accumulation of a product often inhibits the enzymatic reaction producing it |
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