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Bio Final
Gois
89
Biology
12/15/2011

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Term
Prokaryotes don't have a
Definition
Nucleus
Term
Function of Mitochondria
Definition
Makes ATP via breakdown of glucose
Term
Function of nucleus
Definition
stores DNA
Term
Function of Chloroplasts
Definition
Makes sugars via photosynthesis
Term
Exergonic reactions happen in
Definition
Cellular respiration
Term
Endergonic reactions happen in
Definition
Photosynthesis
Term
Movement from low concentration to high requires
Definition
Active transport
Term
undigested lactose passes to the lower intestine where bacteria break it down causing gas, this could be avoided by
Definition
Avoiding dairy products or taking lactose enzyme tablets
Term
Heterotrophs gain useable carbon and convert it to ATP by
Definition
Consuming other organisms, and coverting glucose into ATP
Term
Important functions of cellular respiration
Definition
ATP and heat production
Term
In cellular respiration, what is the final break down product
Definition
C02
Term
In cellular respiraton, how does CO2 leave the cell
Definition
diffusion
Term
Reactants of cellular respiration
Definition
Glucose, Oxygen
Term
End productions of cellular respiration
Definition
Glucose and 02
Term
Glycosis occurs in the
Definition
Cytoplasm
Term
Electron Transport chain occurs in
Definition
Inner membrane of mitochondria
Term
Citric acid cycle occurs in
Definition
matrix of mitochondria
Term
What role does ATP synthase play in electron transport chain
Definition
facilitates joining of ADP and Pi
Term
Metabolic water is formed in
Definition
final step of cellular respiration
Term
Products of photosynthesis
Definition
02 and sugar
Term
What do plants need to carry out photosynthesis
Definition
C02and H20
Term
Where do light reactions occur
Definition
thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts
Term
Products of light reactions
Definition
oxygen and ATP
Term
Where does calvin cycle occur
Definition
stroma of chloroplasts
Term
Plants that use C4 photosynthesis
Definition
Crabgrass
Term
Desert like plants prevent water loss through
Definition
CAM photosynthesis
Term
Sickle cell anemia is caused by
Definition
a mutation
Term
Alleles are
Definition
alternative forms of a gene
Term
Alleles are
Definition
alternative forms of a gene
Term
What is the relationship between DNA and chromosomes
Definition
DNA is condensed into chromosomes
Term
What type of trait is skin color
Definition
Polygenic
Term
When DNA of two species is compared, differences will be seen in
Definition
Sequence of bases
Term
How many pairs of autosomes do humans have?
Definition
22
Term
New genetic comboinations result from
Definition
crossing over, fertilization, mutations, gene exchange
Term
Pieces of DNA are produced by
Definition
PCR
Term
Sodium donates an electron, Chloride accept electron
Definition
Ionic bond
Term
Bonds that connect DNA strands
Definition
Hydrogen Bonds
Term
in water how are electrons shared
Definition
equally
Term
Why does ice float on water
Definition
the molecules are farther apart in ice than in water
Term
Individual water molecules bond to each other through what type of bond
Definition
Hydrogen
Term
Low PH means
Definition
acidic
Term
Carbs are broken into
Definition
simple sugars
Term
Tryglicerides are made up of
Definition
Fatty acids and glycerol
Term
Proteins are broken into
Definition
amino acids
Term
DNA is made of
Definition
amino acids
Term
Simple organic molecules contain only
Definition
Carbon and hydrogen
Term
What organisms contain Chitin
Definition
Crabs and insects
Term
Energy storage in plants
Definition
starch
Term
Energy storage in animals
Definition
Glycogen
Term
How do saturated and unsaturated differ
Definition
number of bonds, consistency at room temp, number of hydrogen atoms
Term
What has the highest amount of energy per unit of mass
Definition
Simple sugars
Term
Lipids found in animals fats and plant oils
Definition
Triglycrides
Term
Structural molecules in plants
Definition
cellulose
Term
structural molecules in animals
Definition
chitin
Term
Function of waxes
Definition
protection
Term
lipids most abundant in cell membrane
Definition
cholesterol
Term
Karyotype
Definition
visual display of chromosomes
Term
DNA replication occurs during
Definition
S-phase of Interphase
Term
Meiosis cannot lead to
Definition
Transgenesis
Term
Stage of meiosis where homolog seperation occurs
Definition
anaphase 1
Term
stage of meiosis where independent assortment occurs
Definition
Metaphase 1
Term
How do number of chromosomes of parent and daughter cell compare in meiosis
Definition
they are the same
Term
Meiosis leads to
Definition
production of gametes
Term
Meiosis 1 changes cells from blank to blank
Definition
haploid to diploid
Term
Mitosis is
Definition
the division of body cells
Term
Meiosis 2 results in
Definition
4 daughter cells
Term
What occurs in metaphase of mitosis
Definition
chromosomes line up along center of cell
Term
in multicellular organisms mitosis is the means of
Definition
growth and tissue repair
Term
Stages 0f mitosis
Definition
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Term
Correct sequence of stages in a cell cycle
Definition
g1, S, g2, M
Term
Longest phase of stage of a cell cycle
Definition
interphase
Term
Least diverse classification group
Definition
species
Term
4 kingdoms in domain Eukarya
Definition
protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
Term
Distribution of humans
Definition
clumped
Term
when one species lives in or on another
Definition
Symbiosis
Term
Energy transfer up a food chain
Definition
10%, 90% lost as heat
Term
Two ways age of fossil can be estimated
Definition
Relative dating, absolute dating
Term
3 ways fossils are made
Definition
compression, petrification, impression
Term
Geography/Geology
Definition
shows that earth is old sedimentary layers and can be dated with radioactive isotopes
Term
Biogeography
Definition
Shows similar patters evolve in similar habitats
Term
Fossil records
Definition
shows relative age of fossils by location in sediment
Term
Radiocarbon dating
Definition
shows numerical ages of fossils
Term
Homology
Definition
structures derived from common ancestory
Term
Discovers of DNA
Definition
Watson and Crick
Term
Alfred Russel Wallace
Definition
Discovered Wallace's line
Term
Buffon
Definition
species change as they spread from their current locations
Term
Hutton
Definition
changes in natural are gradual
Term
Cuvier
Definition
fossils represent extinctions
Term
Lamarck
Definition
new species come from existing species