Term
| At the beginning of the Citric Acid Cycle, Acetyl CoA is combined with oxaloacetate to form: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of organelle or cell structure is found in plants but not animals? |
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| The Respiratory Chain uses the _______ mechanism to couple proton transport to the addition of a phosphate group onto ADP to form ATO. This formation of ATP is called _________ |
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Definition
| Chemiosmotic, Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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Term
| The fatty acids from Triglyceride molecules can enter into the catabolic metabolism by first being converted to: |
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Term
| Catabolic reaction result in ____(more, less) products than reactants, delta S is ____(+/-) |
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Term
| From Pasteur's experiments, where boiled yeast extract in a swan-necked flask remained free of microbial growth, but became contaminated in flasks exposed to airborne dust containing microbes, one can conclude.. |
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Definition
| at least some instances of apparent "spontaneous generation" of life is attributable to microbes in airborne dust |
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Definition
| all of the above (splits water to form oxygen, donates electros to the electron transport chain, powers chemiosmotic ATP synthesis) |
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Definition
| can generate both ATP and NADPH |
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Term
| Enzymes catalyze biological reactions by lowering the activation energy |
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Definition
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Term
| where do glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the respiratory chain take place? |
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Definition
| cytoplasm, inner mitochondrial membrane, mitochondrial matrix, inner mitochondrial membrane |
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Term
| Heme, a component of hemoglobin which helps this enzyme bind oxygen, is an example of a... |
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Definition
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Term
| Fermentation allows cells to.. |
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Definition
| regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continure |
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Term
| T/F....Most of the free energy change from glycolysis is captured as ATP |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of side chain does threonine have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nonpolar molecules prefer to aggregate with each other rather than with water because.. |
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Definition
| the have no partial charges |
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Term
| Miller and Urey used an atmospheric compartment consisting of inorganic nitrogen, hydrogen gas, methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor to... |
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Definition
| demonstrate the formation of organic molecules from inorganic ones |
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Term
| Rubisco, the enzyme responsible for most of the organic carbon on the Earth surface... |
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Definition
| produces two molecules of a 3-carbon compound (3PG) from CO2 and RuBP |
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Term
| what do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common? |
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Definition
| have their own DNA, are thought to have arisen as prokaryotic endosymbiosis, double membrane, electron transport chain in the inner membrane |
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Term
| what's a difference between chloroplasts and mitochondria? |
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Definition
| only mito. synthesizes ATP by oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
| What kinds of bonds link the nucleotides together, via the phosphate groups, in the backbone of a nucleic acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| the main function of the golgi apparatus is to... |
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Definition
| modify newly-made proteins |
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Term
| Which type of structure is comprised primarily of intermediate filaments? |
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Definition
| desmosome (intermediates, gap junctions) |
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Term
| What is the name of the collageneous mesh that is an extracellular strcuture that supports cells that would otherwise be very fragile? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which structures allow heart muscles to contract nearly simultaneously? |
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Definition
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Term
| simple carrier proteins can never establish a concentration gradient across the cell membrane because... |
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Definition
| they work equally well in either direction |
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Term
| the sodium-glucose cotransporter is what type of transporter? |
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Definition
| a secondary active transporter |
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Term
| which of the following is NOT of function of the plasma membrane? information processing, energy transformation, endocytosis, organizing chemical reactions, photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Photosynthetic energy is used by the Calvin-Benson cycle.. |
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Definition
| in the form of ATP and NADPH AND in reversing the latter reactions of glycolysis to convert 3-phoshohlycerate (3PG) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) and in regenerating ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) |
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Term
| Compared to C3 plants, C4 plants... |
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Definition
| all of the above (are more efficient in hot, dry conditions, use PEP carboxylase to fix CO2 initially, generating a 4-carbon compound, and do not oxygenate RuBP to produce the waste product glycolate |
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Term
| The addition of a competitive inhibitor which slows a reaction that is catalyzed by an enzyme can be overcome by... |
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Definition
| adding more of the enzyme |
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Term
| T/F...if osmosis occurs across a membrane, then diffusion is not occuring |
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Definition
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Term
| In biological membranes, the phospholipids are arranged in a... |
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Definition
| bilayer with the fatty acids pointing toward each other |
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Term
| A molecule that has an important role in long-term energy storage is a... |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbonic acid and sodium bicarbonate act as buffers in the blood. When a small amount of acid is added to this buffer, the pH... |
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Definition
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Term
| The four elements most common in organisms are... |
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Definition
| carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
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Term
| what is the order of organelles through which information flows as a gene is expressed to make a protein that is secreted from the cell? |
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Definition
| nucleus, Rough ER, cis face of Golgi, trans face of Golgi, plasma membrane |
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Term
| T/F beneficial adaptations acquired during an organism's lifetime are passed on to the progeny |
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Definition
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Term
| If photosynthetic bacteria growing in an airtight chamber are first put in darkness, then given 14C-labelled CO2, which compound would contain the 14C atoms? |
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Definition
| the first stable product of CO2 fixation |
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Term
| Fundamental and common to all life on Earth: metabolize energy, grow and reproduce, interact with environment, composed of organic molecules |
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Definition
| not fundamental/common: contains DNA in the nucleus...prokaryotes DNA is in the cytoplasm b/c there is no nucleus |
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Term
| Glyolysis requires as inputs: |
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