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Definition
-important source of freshwater
-key component to the earth's natural capital |
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Term
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Definition
| spaces in soil and rock completely filled with water |
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Definition
| the top of the groundwater zone |
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Term
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Definition
| underground caverns and porous layers of sand, gravel, or rock |
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Definition
| freshwater from precipitation and melted snow that flows across the earth's land surface and into lakes, wetlands, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| precipitation that does not infiltrate the ground |
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Definition
| the land from which surface water drains |
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Term
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Definition
| annual usable surface runoff |
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Term
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Definition
| removing dissolved salts from ocean water or from brackish water in aquifers and lakes |
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Term
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Definition
| help provide natural flood and erosion control |
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Term
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Definition
| zone of hot, partly melted rock that flows and can be deformed like soft plastic |
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Term
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Definition
| the combination of the crust and the outermost part of the mantle |
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Definition
| made of dead plant and animal remains and tiny particles of weathered and eroded rocks |
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Term
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Definition
| forms when magma wells up from the earth's upper mantle or deep crust |
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Term
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Definition
| forms when preexisting rock is subject to high temperatures, high pressures, chemically active fluids, or a combination of these agents |
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Definition
| the interaction of physical and chemical processes that change rocks from one type to another |
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Definition
| concentration of naturally occuring material from the earth's crust that we can extract and process into raw materials and useful products at an affordable cost |
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Term
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Definition
| rock that contains a large enough concentration of a particular mineral |
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Term
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Definition
| identified resources from which we can extract the mineral profitabiliy at current prices |
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Term
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Definition
| materials lying over a deposit are removed to expose the resource of processing |
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Term
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Definition
| soil and rock overlying a useful mineral deposit is removed |
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Term
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Definition
| machines dig very large holes and remove metal ores |
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Term
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Definition
| useful for extracting mineral deposits that lie in large horizontal beds close to the earth's surface |
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Term
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Definition
| how deep deposits of minerals are removed |
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Term
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Definition
| heating ores to release metals |
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Term
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Definition
| time it takes to use up a certain proportion |
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Term
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Definition
| usable amount of high quality energy |
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Term
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Definition
| black, gooey liquid left, consisting of hundreds of different combustable hydrocarbons |
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Term
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Definition
| the point in time that the pressure in a well drops and its rate of crude oil production starts to decline |
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Term
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Definition
| products of crude oil distillation |
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Definition
| identified deposits where oil can be extracted |
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Definition
| mixture of clay, sand, water, and combustible organic material |
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Definition
| a distillate yielded from extracting kerogen from oil shales and heated in a large container |
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Term
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Definition
| mixture of gases where 50-90% is methane |
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Term
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Definition
10% - domestic
70% - agriculture
20% - industrial |
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Term
| harmful affects of groundwater overpumping |
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Definition
1) limits future food pruduction
2) bigger gap between the rich and poor
3) land subsidence
4)sinkholes
5)contamination |
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Term
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Definition
1)increase the reliable runoff available
2)reduce flooding
3)grow crops in arid regions |
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Term
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Definition
1)Displaces People
2)Flooded Regions
3)Impaired Ecological Services of Rivers
4)Loss of Plant & Animal Species
5)Fill up w/ Sediment within 50 years |
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Term
| harmful effects of mining |
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Definition
1)Scarring and Disruption of the land surface
2)Subsidence
3)Loss of Rivers and Streams
4)Major Pollution of Water and Air
5)Effect on Aquatic Life
6)Large amounts of Solid Waste |
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