Term
| fructose usually occurs naturally in ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| what converts glucose into glycogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| how is glucose to glycogen a reversible reaction? |
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Definition
| if there's too much glucose, insulin converts it to glycogen. if there's not enough glucose, body converts glycogen back to glucose |
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Term
| glycogen<-->glucose is a process found only in ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| insulin is a ________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| what gives the stool structure and makes it easier to pass? |
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Definition
| indigestible molecules -- fiber |
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Term
| through what process are macromolecules synthesized? |
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Definition
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Term
| what differentiates one amino acid from another? |
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Definition
| the R group (aka the variable group) |
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Term
| what determines the final 3D shape of the protein? |
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Definition
| the R groups in the amino acid sequence |
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Term
| what is the name of the bond between amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the stomach do to proteins? |
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Definition
| breaks them apart through hydrolysis so the intestines can absorb the amino acids (can't absorb full proteins) |
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Term
| what are the two problems that arise from sickle-cell anemia? |
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Definition
1) the sickle shape of the hemoglobin obstructs blood flow
2) the body destroys sickle cells (marks them as foreign) |
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Term
| what is specificity, regarding enzymes? |
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Definition
| only one type of enzyme can work on a given substrate, because of each substrate and enzyme's unique shape |
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Term
| all muscle contractions involve interactions between specific ______________ |
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Definition
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Term
| a molecule that is both charged and neutral is called _____________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| how does a detergent get rid of oilstains? |
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Definition
| detergent is amphipathic, so the noncharged portions interact with the hydrophobic lipid and the charged portions allow water in to dissolve it |
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Term
| what is the name for the two phospholipids in the cell membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the structure of steroids? |
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Definition
| four fused hydrocarbon rings; derived from the parent molecule cholesterol |
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Term
| what determines what kind of a steroid a given steroid is? |
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Definition
| attachments to the main molecule |
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Term
| structure of a nucleotide's nitrogen-containing base |
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Definition
| 5-carbon monosaccharide; one corner of the pentagon is a nitrogen |
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Term
| nitrogen-containing base with two carbon-nitrogen ring structures fused together |
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Definition
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Term
| nitrogen-containing base with only one nitrogen-carbon ring |
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Definition
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Term
| what nitrogen-containing base does DNA have but RNA does NOT have? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the name for the bonding between nitrogen-containing bases on opposite strands of DNA? |
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Definition
| complementary base pairing |
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Term
| a gene is a segment of _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| what differentiates one nucleotide from another? |
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Definition
| the nitrogen-containing base |
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Term
| what are the differences between DNA and RNA? |
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Definition
double strand vs. single strand
deoxyribose vs. ribose
thymine vs. uracil |
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Term
| what happens to a cell whose needs are greater than its intake ability? |
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Definition
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Term
| the ability of a cell to satisfy its needs relates to its ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| to supply for its needs, the surface area:volume ratio should be ______________ |
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Definition
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Term
| as cell size increases, the surface area:volume ratio _____________ |
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Definition
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