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bio 400
ch.25
7
Biology
Undergraduate 2
04/30/2017

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Term
evolution of complex structures
Definition
1. gradual improvement
2. exaptation
Term
exaptation
Definition
converting older adaptions to new uses
ex. old genes gaining new jobs
-antifreeze gene
Term
1. chemical evolution
Definition
1. accumulation of organic compounds, self synthesizing molecules
2.RNA- based genetic, metabolic systems, dominated by replicating ribozymes
3. enclosure in lipid bilayer, protobionts
4. evolution of controlled reproduction, first cells
Term
2. First cells appear
Definition
anaerobic, chemoautotrophic prokaryotes.
-left stromatolites
Term
3. Metabolic Evolution
Definition
-anabolism increases
ex. cyclic ps- noncyclic ps- oxygenic ps
- advances in catabolism
ex. fermentation- anaerobic respiration
Term
4. first known eukaryotic cells
Definition
1. formation of nucleus and endomembrane system
2. shape changes to engulf other cells for food
3.form mutually beneficial relationship ancestral mitochondria and chloroplasts
Term
5. multicellular eukaryotes appear
Definition
1. algae simple= can be engulfed
- led to 2nd big increased in O2 levels
- global ice age as CO2 dropped
2. jellyfish and other soft bodied animals
- more active requires more O2
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