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| The main site of photosynthesis in most plants. They consist of a flattened blade and a stalk, or petitole, which joins the leaf to the stem |
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| One of a family of compounds, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that are insoluble in water |
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| A membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells |
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| A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids are macromolecules |
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| The class that includes endothermic vertebrates that possess mammary glands and hair |
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| The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus |
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| Anything that takes up space and has mass |
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| The ground tissue of a leaf, sandwiched between the upper and lower epidermis and specialized for photosynthesis |
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| (plural, mitochondria) An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration |
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| Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
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| The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer |
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| The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars, the molecular formulas of monosaccharides are generally some multiple of CH2O |
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| A symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit |
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| An electrically neutral particle (a particle having no electrical charge), found in the nucleus of an atom |
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| A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and, through the actions of proteins, for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA |
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| (plural, nucleoli) A specialized structure in the nucleus, formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes |
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| The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group |
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| (1) An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons |
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| A specialized center of body function composed of several different types of tissues |
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| A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions |
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| One of several formed bodies with specialized functions, suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells |
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| An individual living thing |
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| The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
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| The covalent bond between two amino acid units, formed by a dehydration reaction |
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| A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14 |
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| A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail |
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| The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition |
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| One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth, or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds |
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| A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together |
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| A group of individuals of one species that live in a particular geographic area |
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| A fairly rigid, chemically complex structure that exists outside the plasma membrane of most prokaryotes |
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| A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids |
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| A relatively simple eukaryote |
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| A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, found in the nucleus of an atom |
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