T.D.T = Temp and time required to kill an organism

Hot water bath exposure for increments of time. 

Bacillus subtillus due to sporulation

What agar medium was used for the Ultra Violet experiment?

What was tested for?

What was the most resistant? What was least resistant?

Nutrient agar

The sensitivity levels of organisms to ultra violet radiation. 

Bacillus due to the ability to sporulate.

E. Coli - died instantly

What is the purpose of a Standard Plate Count?

How is it done?

It's a technique used to figure out how much bacteria is suspended in a liquid.

The medium containting organisms is diluted and inoculated into an empty agar plate. Then pour plate agar is poured and mixed with the inoculated dilution. Once it hardens, incubate and count the number of colonies and multiply that by the dilution factor. This will give you CFU's/ml

A complex medium that can potentially distinguish among many species of bacteria

If gas is produced during fermentation, you may be able to see bubble or cracks in the milky medium

Pink = Lactose is fermented

Blue = Lactose is not fermented will become alkaline 

Curddling (a solid) =  protein may be digested.

Peptonization = results in a clear (not milky) because the casein may be metabolized all the way down to individual amino acids

Reduction = The litmus may be  and become colorless. The culture will then look milk white.

Thioglycollate is used to test the aero tolerance of bacteria. 

Strict anaerobes will only grow in the lower areas of the tube. 

Microaerophiles will grow in a thin layer below the richly-oxygenated layer.

Facultative anaerobes can grow throughout the medium but will primarily grow in the middle of the tube, between the oxygen-rich and oxygen-free zones.

Strict Anaerobe = Clostridium Difficile

Facultative Anaerobe = E. Coli & Enterococcus

Strict Aerobe = Pseudomonas aeruginosa

What is the Nitrate Broth Test?

What organisms succesfully reduced to Nitrite?  ammonia?

tests for the reduction of Nitrate.

E. Coli = Nitrite

Pseudomonas = Ammonia 

What was the purpose of the Snyder's medium Test?

What did we inoculate with? 

What do the results mean?

It was to test for the presence of Lactobacillus

Inoculated with Saliva

Looks for pH change.

Green = Negative  

Yellow = Positive

A Disinfectant is a chemical that is utilized on non-tissue surfaces to kill any organism it comes into contact with. It's non specific in killing ability

An antiseptic is the same except that it can be used on live tissue surfaces.

The combination of two Hyphii

+ and - strains.

budding 

new yeast cells bud from parent cell.

It's a technique used to test different disinfectants/antiseptics to determine how sensitive an organism is to it.

A disc is loaded with disinfectant/antiseptic. It's placed in the middle of an agar plate that's been completely covered in organism. After incubation, you examine for any clearing of organism around the disc or lack thereof. You measure the diameter from one side of the clearing to the other. The larger the clearing, the more sensitive the organism is to the chemical

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 

It's the smallest amount of drug/chemical needed to illicit a response.

What is tecnique called for the Antibiotic test?

What was the medium/plate used called?

Kirby-Bauer Test

Mueller-Hinton Plate

1. What happens in a NItrate test if there is no color change after adding reagents? 
2. What does it mean if it's red after you add zinc?
3. What does it mean if it's clear after you add zinc?
4. What does it mean if there is red after adding reagents?

1. It means you have to add zinc.
2. It means it's negative, that there is unreduced Nitrate present.
3. Positive test - reduced to Ammonia
4. It means that there is nitrate reduction to nitrate  - positive