Term
Humoral Immunity
Cell Mediated Immunity |
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Definition
| Two main parts of the Immune System |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulated by B-lymphocytes |
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Term
Cellular (Cell Mediated) Immunity
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Definition
| Regulated by T-lymphocytes |
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Term
Antigens
Antibodies
Epitopes |
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Definition
| Three parts of Humoral Immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| Any substance foreign to the body circulation which stimulates the production of specific antibodies by the immune system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins made by the immune system against a specific antigen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical part of an antigen that reacts with a part of the antibody. |
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Term
Consists of 4 chains of proteins
2 heavy chains and 2 light chains joined by disulfide bonds
2 Fab ends
1 Fc end |
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Definition
| Characteristics of a typical Antibody |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of an antibody that attaches to an epitope with great specificity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the antibody that a WBC attaches to without specificity. |
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Term
Localize the antigen
Facilitate recognition and phagocytocis of antigen. |
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Definition
| Two functions agglutenation serves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formation of clumps by the antibody and antigen connections. |
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Term
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE |
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Definition
| 5 Main types of antibodies. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
- Most common blood Aby
- 80% of all blood Aby
- involved in secondary exposure to Agn
- will cross the placenta
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Definition
| Four characteristics of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) |
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Term
- Makes 6-8% of Aby in blood
- Involved in primary exposure to Agn
- Will not cross placenta early in pregnancy
- Will not help WBC phagocytosis because Fc end is not exposed
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Definition
| Four characteristics of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) |
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Term
- Makes 10-13% of Aby in blood
- Found in other body secretions
- Produced in secondary exposure to Agn
- Will, if necessary, cross the placenta
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Definition
| Four characteristics of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) |
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Term
saliva
tears
mucous
spinal fluid
genital secretions
urine
colostrum
breast milk |
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Definition
| 8 bodily secretions where IgA are found |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary antibody in colostrum and breastmilk |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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- 1% of all blood antibodies
- made in secondary exposure
- will cross placenta
- referred to as the memory antibody
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Definition
| Four characteristics of IgD |
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Term
- IgD binds to the epitope with the Fab end
- Fc end binds to a B-lymphocyte
- B-lymphocyte retains the IgD epitope
- B-lymphocyte uses the Fab+epitope structure as a template to make new IgG
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Definition
| How the IgD works as a memory antibody |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
- 1-3% of all blood antibodies
- made in secondary exposure
- will cross the placenta
- anti-helminth antibody
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Definition
| Four characteristics of IgE |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
- IgE attaches to surface of worm by Fab end
- Fc end attaches to a natural killer (NK) cell
- NK cell excretes protease enzymes onto surface of worm
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Definition
| How IgE works as a anti-helminth antibody |
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Term
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Definition
| These antibodies will attach to mast cells and cause them to release histamine triggering inflammation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibodies responsible for most allergic reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where stem cells come from. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where newborn/neonatal stem cells are found. |
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Term
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Neonatal stem cells either receive GALT or thymus gland stimulation.
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T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are produced.
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Tissue macrophage recognize antigen and transfer it to T-lymphocyte (T4 or T8).
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T-lymphocyte exposes epitope.
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Epitope is tranferred to surface of B-lymphocyte.
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B-lymphocyte changes into a plasma cell.
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Plasma cell makes the antibody.
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Definition
| Steps involved in the production of antibodies. |
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Term
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- Agglutenation
- Precipitation
- Antiviral Neutralizing Aby
- Antitoxin Aby
- Anti-pili Aby
- Cytolysis of G- bacteria
- Opsonization
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Definition
| Seven ways antibodies help protect against infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thymus gland stimulation of stem cells produce this kind of lymphocyte. |
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Term
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Definition
| GALT stimulation produces this kind of lymphocyte. |
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Term
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Definition
| When antibodies clump to antigen in tissue to localize the antigen and help phagocytes recognize the antigen. |
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Term
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Definition
| When IgA antibodies clump to antigen in a body secretion. |
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Term
| Antiviral Neutralizing Aby |
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Definition
| Antibodies attach to and cover protein head of a virus and prevent viral attachment to host cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| IgA antibody made against bacterial pili such as in gonorrhea, etc... by covering the pili and preventing bacterial attachment to host cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| When Fc end of IgG antibody binds to whole complement and causes a disruption of the G- cell wall leading to death of the bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Complex serum protein consisting of at least 11 subunits. |
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Term
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Definition
| When antibodies and certain complement subunits help destroy bacteria with capsules. |
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