(~2500 bp <--not for exam)

-Life arose in water and simpler forms preceded more complex forms

(384-322 BC <--not for exam)

-Dominated science for next 2000 years (until Newton, Galileo, Copernicus gradually "eroded" his dominance)

Proposed: "Scalae Naturae" -scale for species to be arranged by increasing complexity

-Species "fixed" (perfect), and did not evolve

(1627-1705 <--not for exam)

-Creationist -proposed that species were fixed, or immutable

(1707-1779<--not for exam)

-Founder of taxonomy -Binomial Naming (2 word naming system)

-Recognized reproductive units (Species)

-Created Taxonomy Heirarchy: Kingdom, Phylum, Class etc.

-NOT AN EVOLUTIONIST!!

(1769-1832<--not for exam)

-Father of Paleontology (fossil studies)

              -Opponent of evolution

      -Catastrophism- fossils created through catastrophic events

-he said species that are in young rocks that are not in the older rocks arrived by migration

(1797-1875<--not for exam)

-Father of Geology

-Wrote: "Principles of Geology"

-believed: earth = millions not thousands of years old -"Gradualism"-small changes re-occurring over long periods of times can add up

-Uniformitarianism- floods/earthquakes etc have been happening for millions of years and result in canyons/mountains etc

(1744-1829<--not for exam)

-suggested all life was descended from other species

-If an organisms character/trait was USED, it became stronger and that ability passed onto offspring

-If trait unused, then eventually lost

-Information passed to offspring called "pangenes" which passed information to gonads

-Called "Law of Use and Disuse" or "Inheritance of Acquired Characters"

-Proved false with mouse-tail experiments

(1809-1882<--not for exam)

-Author of Natural Selection (evolution theory) -Naturalist

-failed at medical school

-Degree in Theology from Cambridge

-Associated with naturalists (John Henslow)

-hired on board HMS BEAGLE(ship) as a NATURALIST (collected specimens for museums)

-influenced by Lyell's "Principles of Geology", beagle specie findings, witnessing an earthquake pushing earth up, arguments with captain Fitzroy, fossils in the mountains, Galapagos islands, experts in England (Thomas Malthus, Adam Smith)

-Literal Creationist (absolute 6 days to create earth and life)

-Shared meals with Darwin on Beagle(ship) due to similar social status -Possible arguments with Darwin and his research/ideas

-recognized overpopulation as a threat

-populations increase Geometrically (2-4-8-16-32)

-food increased arithmatically (2-4-6-8)

-Darwin recognized animals potential to deplete a food source and concluded more offspring are produced than can SURVIVE

-proposed that with many businesses competing some would thrive and others will bankrupt

-Darwin applied this idea to organisms

(1823-1913<--not for exam)

-Discovered Natural Selection Independently of Darwin -Darwin had 20 years of evidence gathered and was given priority because of this