Term
summary of digestion in stomach
cell type secretion function |
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Definition
1. chief cells pepsinogen begin digestion of proteins
2. parietal cells HCl denature proteins and activate pepsinogen
3. mucous cells mucin + water lubrication and protection |
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Term
| function of mucin is ___ and ____ |
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Definition
| lubrication and protection |
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Term
| humans are omnivourous which means, ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| humans are monogastric in the stomach, which means ___ |
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Definition
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Term
ruminants (cows, sheep, deer, camels_
- eat lots of ____
-- low ___
-- lots of ___ |
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Definition
- grass, leaves, stems, etc
-- nutritive value
-- cellulose (can't break down directly) |
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Term
| ruminants solve problem of cellulose by ____ |
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Definition
| having a symbiotic relationship with bacteria |
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Term
| ruminants also have a ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| four chambers of the ruminant stomach |
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Definition
1. rumen
2. reticulum
3. omasum
4. abomasum |
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Term
ruminant stomach
1. rument: ___
2. reticulum:
3. omasum
4. abomasum |
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Definition
1. symbiotics ferment
2. continue fermentation
3. water absorption
4. stomach |
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Term
other stomachs: gizzard
1. no ___ to ___ food
2. heavy duty stomach like ______
3. common in ____ |
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Definition
1. teeth; tear or crush
2. gizzard + proventriculus organs
3. birds, insects, and some annelids |
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Term
| ___: partially digested acidic food material that leaves the stomach, and enters into the small intestine |
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Definition
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Term
| before entering the stomach, the food is referred to as ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| digestion functions to ____ |
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Definition
| break molecules into small, individual monomers |
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Term
| ___ helps with chemical digestion in small intestine |
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Definition
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Term
| chyme, as it enters small intestine, is ___ and ____. |
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Definition
| very acidic; partially undigested |
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Term
| as chyme enters small intestine, ___ and ___ enters blood stream |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| neutralize incoming chyme |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
accessory organs
- SI: __ and ___ released
-Pancreas
-- ___ and other ___
-- ___
- __ and ___ |
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Definition
- secretin and CCK
-- trypsinogen and other proteases
--amylase: digests carbs
- liver and gall bladder |
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Term
| liver and gall bladded responsible for ___, ___, and ___ |
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Definition
| water, bile, and bile salts |
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Term
summary of digestion in SI: hormonal control
Organ source Secretion Function |
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Definition
1. SI walls CCK relays to pancreas and liver to stimulate release.
2. SI walls Secretin relays info to pancreas
3. Pancreas-CCK trypsinogen digests proteins or activate other protease
4. Pancreas-secretin releases HCO3 neutralizes pH in chyme
5. Liver-CCK bile, water, and bile salts helps digestion of lipids |
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Term
carbohydrate digestion:
complex carbs broken down into ___ via __ and ___ |
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Definition
| monosaccharides via amalyse |
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Term
protein digestion
proteins broken down into amino acids via __, ___, and __ |
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Definition
| pepsin, trypsin, other protein enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
emulsification: two functions
1.
2. |
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Definition
1. breaks lipids from larges pieces into smaller pieces
2. increases surface area of broken lipids so that enzymes can begin digestion process |
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Term
____: brings materials into the body (across the epithelial lining)
- materials must be in ___ or ___ form to get in
-- __ are exception |
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Definition
absorption
- monomer or dimer
-- lipids |
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Term
absorption
- once the large structures are in place, and the monomers are available, what else is needed? |
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Definition
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Term
| what causes molecules to move? |
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Definition
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Term
| molecules are in constant ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| molecules move from areas with ___ to areas with ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| absorption depends on __ in the ___ |
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Definition
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