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Definition
Theory of evolution by Natural Selection
-organisms produce more offspring than survive
-there's variation among individuals in a population
-those with the most helpful variations survive to produce more offspring and increase in a population
-nature selects which variations are helpfull and which are not |
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Evolution acts apon:
Natural selection acts apon:
mutaions cause: |
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-A population
individuals
variations |
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| develops same idea as Darwin and presented at a scientific meeting in london |
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-Offer evidence of ancestral forms of organisms
-Indicates life has changed overtime
Incomplete
usually soft tissues not fossilized |
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| fossilized early bird with reptile characteristics |
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| structure that are not functional in an organism but functional in related species |
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| similar vertebrate embryos |
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| alterations that disrupted early development have been selected aginst |
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Definition
-Use single stranded dna or rna
-Hybrid molecules are created then heated
-The more heat required to break hybrid the more closley related the spaecies |
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| observations of populations evolving |
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Definition
-Antibiotic resistance in bacteria
-Pesticide resistance in insects
populations of finches in the galapagos. |
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| How does evolution happen |
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Definition
microevolution is generation to generation changes in the gene frequency of a population.
-All the genes present in a population at one time is called a gene pool |
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Definition
only way to get brand new genes
-rare
-spontaneous and random
-often make no difference |
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Definition
| random change in allele frequencies over time, brought about by chance alon |
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| a form of bottle necking when a few individuals establish a new population |
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| genes that control the same trait |
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Individuals in a population vary, and some individuals produce more offspring than others.
-Differential reproduction is the key to natural selection. |
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| Directional natural selection |
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Definition
| favors individuals with one extreme of a variation |
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Definition
| selects for the mid value in a variation |
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| selects for variations that make it most likely an individual will reproduce |
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Definition
Migration ofgenes from one population to another.
-Over time reduces defferences between populations |
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Definition
the formation of new species, populations, kingdoms etc.
-or the extinction of any of these groups. |
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| New species can form in two ways: |
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Definition
1)Anagenis(renewed)-Transformation of one species into another.
2)cladogenisis(branch) |
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Definition
Branching evolution
-A newer species arises from an existing population. |
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Definition
-Occurs within a population with no geographic isolation.
-The isolation is reproductive
-Accident during meiosis. |
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Definition
formation of a new species due to geographic isolation
-New species form while geographically isolated from is ancestor. |
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