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| Post-Translational Control |
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Definition
| A kinase that phosporylates a protein after it has been synthesized is an example of what? |
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Definition
| How genes that are synthesized all the time are expressed |
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Definition
| A molecule that stimulates the expression of a specific gene or set of genes |
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| When a regulatory protein shuts down transcription |
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Definition
| When a regulatory protein triggers transcription |
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Definition
| Describes genes that are transcribed into one mRNA initiating from a single promoter |
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| A technique used to characterize DNA sequences that are bound by regulatory protein |
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| The protein motif that is most often associated with DNA binding |
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| The regulatory molecule in the lac operon that exerts negative control by inhibiting transcription |
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| Single nucleotide polymorphism |
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Definition
| A change in DNA sequence between 2 individuals |
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Definition
| A mechanism that turns off the synthesis of enzymes responsible for catabolic reactions when the product is present |
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Definition
| In what condition must Eukaryotic DNA must be in before transcription can take place? |
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Definition
| The highly condensed complex in which DNA wraps itself around in eukaryotes |
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Definition
| What DNA winds around in eukaryotes and then packs into bead-like structures called nucleosomes |
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Definition
| What are removed from the primary RNA transcript in eukaryotes |
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Definition
| Contained in the coding-containing region of an mRNA |
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Definition
| A nucleotide sequence that increases the rate of genetic transcription by increasing the activity of the nearest promoter on the same DNA molecule |
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Term
| Basal Transcription Factor |
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Definition
| Common to all cell types, unlike regulatory transcription factors which promote expression only in certain cell types at certain stages of development |
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Definition
| Molecular machines that splice |
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Definition
| A process by which the same primary RNA transcript can produce different proteins |
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Definition
| A process by which small microRNAs prevent translation of an RNA transcript |
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Definition
| The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template |
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Definition
| DNA that is produced from RNA |
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Definition
| Small circular DNA molecules that replicate independently from chromosomal DNA |
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Definition
| The enzyme that connects Okazaki fragments during DNA replication |
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Term
| Restriction Endonucleases |
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Definition
| Cleave DNA at specific base sequences |
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Term
| Polymerase Chain Reaction |
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Definition
| A nobel prize winning technique of exponentially replicating specific sections of DNA |
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Definition
| The part of a tRNA that binds to a codon in mRNA |
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Definition
| Each of the two ends of a eukaryotic chromosome |
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| The period between the first and second divisions in meiosis |
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Definition
| The stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle |
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Definition
| The stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes become arranged in the equatorial plane of the spindle |
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Definition
| The period in the cell cycle from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication |
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Definition
| The final stage of mitosis and of the second division of meiosis in which the spindle disappears and the nucleus reforms around each set of chromosomes |
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Definition
| The initial stage of mitosis and of the mitotic division of meiosis characterized by the condensation of chromosomes consisting of two chromatids, disappearance of the nucleolus and nuclear membrane, and formation of the mitotic spindle |
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Definition
| Having the centromere terminally situated so that there is only one chromosomal arm |
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Definition
| the cellular process that results in the number of chromosomes in gamete-producing cells being reduced to one half and that involves a reduction Division in which one of each pair of homologous chromosomes passes to each daughter cell and a mitotic division |
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Definition
| A process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves typically a series of steps consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus. Prophase-->Metaphase-->Anaphase-->Telophase |
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Definition
| Conducted a now famous experiment to determine whether DNA or protein carried the hereditary information in virus T2 (Phage). They determined that DNA was the genetic material that carried the hereditary information in the phage |
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Definition
| The interval between the end of one mitotic or meiotic division and the beginning of another. G1-->S-->G2 |
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Definition
| Any of several polymerases that promote replication or repair of DNA usually using single-stranded DNA as a template |
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Definition
| Any of various enzymes that catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups from a high-energy phosphate-containing molecule (as ATP or ADP) to a substrate |
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Definition
| Any of the RNA- and protein-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis |
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| A network of chiefly microtubular fibers along which the chromosomes are distributed during mitosis and meiosis |
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Definition
| A relatively small RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation |
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Definition
| An RNA produced by transcription that carries the code for a particular protein from the nuclear DNA to a ribosome in the cytoplasm and acts as a template for the formation of that protein |
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Definition
| Any of the repeating globular subunits of chromatin that consist of a complex of DNA and histone and are thought to be present only during interphase |
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Definition
| A specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is located usually on a chromosome and that is the functional unit of inheritance controlling the transmission and expression of one or more traits by specifying the structure of a particular polypeptide and especially a protein or controlling the function of other genetic material |
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Definition
| One of the usually paired and parallel strands of a duplicated chromosome joined by a single centromere |
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| Any of several compounds that consist of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar joined to a purine or pyrimidine base and to a phosphate group and that are the basic structural units of RNA and DNA |
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Definition
| The direction of DNA replication and transcription |
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Definition
| a molecule (as a short strand of RNA or DNA) whose presence is required for formation of another molecule (as a longer chain of DNA) |
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Definition
| Catalyze formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 5' phosphate of one strand of DNA and the 3' hydroxyl of the another. This enzyme is used to covalently link fragments of DNA together |
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Definition
| A segment of genetic material that is capable of changing its location in the genome or that in some bacteria is capable of undergoing transfer between an extrachromosomal plasmid and a chromosome |
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Definition
| Recognizes the transposon, cuts it out, and puts it back in its place |
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Definition
| 4 sister chromatid stuck together |
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Definition
| Segment of newly replicated DNA produced during discontinuous DNA replication |
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