Cell Theory

Cells are the basic ________ blocks of all

_______ things.

_______ are the smallest living units.

Cell Theory

Cells are the basic building blocks of all

living things.

Cells are the smallest living units.

All cells contain (2):

a) a plasma membrane

b) cytoplasm

c) nucleus

d) cell walls

All cells contain (2):

a) a plasma membrane

b) cytoplasm

c) nucleus

d) cell walls

1. The lipid barrier that seperates the living cell from teh external membrane.

2. Contains organelles, nutrients, and macromolecules.

1. plasma membrane

2. cytoplasm

Put in order from smallest to largest:

1. tissues, organism, cells, organs

2. molecule, population, tissue, cell, atom, organinism, organ.

1. cells -> tissue -> organs -> organism

2. atom -> molecule -> cell -> tissue -> organ -> organism -> population

Prokaryotic Cells

a) presence of nucleus

b) arrangement of DNA

c) presence of membrane bound organelles

d) type of ribosomes

e) presence of internal membranes

f) mode of reproduction

g) genetic recombination

a) presence of nucleus NO

b) arrangement of DNA CIRCULAR DOUBLE HELIX

c) presence of membrane bound organelles NONE! (no nucleus, no chloroplast, no mitochondria)

d) type of ribosomes SMALL 60s RIBOSOMES

e) presence of internal membranes NONE

f) mode of reproduction FISSION

g) genetic recombination SOME/ RARE

Eukaryotic

a) presence of nucleus

b) arrangement of DNA

c) presence of membrane bound organelles

d) type of ribosomes

e) presence of internal membranes

f) mode of reproduction

g) genetic recombination

a) presence of nucleus YES

b) arrangement of DNA LINEAR DOUBLE HELIX

c) presence of membrane bound organelles MANY

d) type of ribosomes 80s

e) presence of internal membranes MANY

f) mode of reproduction ASEXUAL/SEXUAL

g) genetic recombination

ASEXUAL: LITTLE/RARE

SEXUAL: LOTS OF VARIATION

Domain Eukarya

Name the Four Kingdoms

Kindom Monera (Prokaryotes)

Name the Two Domains and a Discription of Each

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Monera

Domain Archea

-archaebacteria: extreme environments

Domain Bacteria

- Eubacteria: true bacteria

-Cyanobacteria: blue/green algae

Plasma membrane

Composition: made of a _____ ______

Function: Seperates the _______ from the external environment.

peripheral membrane protein:on surface of _______

food example:

integral membrane proteins: partially ________

food example:

Plasma membrane

Composition: made of a lipid bilayer

Function: Seperates the cytoplasm from the external environment.

peripheral membrane protein:on surface of membrane

food example: marshmellows on jello

integral membrane proteins: partially embedded

food example: fruit in jello

The plasma membrane controls what?

A double membrane has two what?

Organelles surrounded by a double membrane (3)

The plasma membrane controls what?

What goes in and out of the cell.

A double membrane has two what?

Two bilayers

Organelles surrounded by a double membrane (3)

1. nucleus

2. mitchondria

3. chloroplasts

Nucleus: The ______ of the cell.

Structure:

Function:

Nucleus: The brain of the cell.

Structure: double membrane, nuclear pore complexes, DNA

Function: Contains genetic information, where DNA replication takes place, assembly for ribosomes

The major building block of a cell membrane is

a) amino acid

b) protein

c) carbohydrates

d) phospholipids

The major building block of a cell membrane is

a) amino acid

b) protein

c) carbohydrates

d) phospholipids

The head group of a phospholipid contains:

a) phosphate

b) carbonate

c) sulfate

d) nitrate

The head group of a phospholipid contains:

a) phosphate

b) carbonate

c) sulfate

d) nitrate

Which organelle or orgnanelles is surrounded by a double membrane?

a) nucleus

b) nucleiod

c) mitochondrian

Which organelle or orgnanelles is surrounded by a double membrane?

a) nucleus

b) nucleiod

c) mitochondrian

Digestive enzymes are stored inside organelles called

___________.

The primary fuel for most aerobic animal cells is

a) glucose

b) lactose

c) deoxyribose

d) arabinose

The primary fuel for most aerobic animal cells is

a) glucose

b) lactose

c) deoxyribose

d) arabinose

Which organelle produces the most spindle fibers?

a) Golgi body

b) ER

c) vacuole

d) centriole

Which organelle produces the most spindle fibers?

a) Golgi body

b) ER

c) vacuole

d) centriole

Spindle fibers are used during the process of

a) respiration

b) digestion

c) photosynthesis

d) replication

Spindle fibers are used during the process of

a) respiration

b) digestion

c) photosynthesis

d) replication

What do mitochondrion and chloroplasts have in common?

a) nucleus

b) linear DNA

c) small ribosomes

What do mitochondrion and chloroplasts have in common?

a) nucleus

b) linear DNA

c) small ribosomes

Covalent bonds like to ________ electrons.

These bonds can be _________ or ________.

They also are very _______________ and it takes _________ energy to make them.

Ionic bonds tend to _______ or ________ electrons. These bonds are ______ and it takes little _________ energy to make them. 

_________ bonds are the weakest.

Covalent bonds like to share electrons.

These bonds can be polar or nonpolar.

They also are very strong and it takes lots of energy to make them.

Ionic bonds tend to gain or lose electrons. These bonds are weak and it takes little energy to make them. 

Hydrogen bonds are the weakest.

Water is important because:

1. Water is a solvent

2. Cohesion

3. Ice floats

4. Specific heat

1. ideal medium for the contents of cells

2. can be pulled to the highest trees. small creatures can walk on it.

3. resists temperature changes

4. frozen water is less dense, and water is one of the few substances that expands when it is frozen