Term
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Definition
| The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment |
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Term
| What is the difference between Abiotic Factors and Biotic factors? |
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Definition
Biotic factors include living things,
Abiotic factors include non living things |
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Term
| What is Organismal Ecology? |
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Definition
| Orgnaismal Ecology studies the evolutionary adaptations that enable individual organisms to meet the challenges of their enviroments |
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Term
| What is population ecology? |
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Definition
| Population ecology investigates the factors that affect population density and growth and how and why population changes over time |
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Term
| What is Community Ecology? |
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Definition
| community Ecology studies the interactions between species |
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Term
| what is Ecosystem Ecology? |
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Definition
| Ecosytem Ecology is the study of the energy flow and cycling of nutrients amoung biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem |
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Term
| What is landscape Ecology? |
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Definition
| Landscape Ecology focuses on the factors controlling exchanges of energy, materials and organisms across multiple ecosystems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Global Ecology examines how the regional exchange of energy and materials influence the organisms across a biosphere. |
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Term
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Definition
| Biomes are general community types found over a large geographic area that are classified by dominant vegetation under the influence of climate. |
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Term
| How do organisms respond to their habitats? |
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Definition
Physiological responses
Anatomical responses
Behavioral responses |
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Term
| What are the two ways to measure Density? |
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Definition
Crude density: number of individuals per unit area
Ecological density: number of individuals per area of available living space. |
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Term
| What are the different Dispersion Patterns? |
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Definition
| Clumped, Uniform and random |
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Term
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Definition
| Demography is the study of vital statistics of populations and how they change over time. |
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Term
| what are the different populations growth rates? |
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Definition
Exponential growth: Describes the rate of expansion of a population under ideal unregulated conditions.
Logistic Growth: Takes Carrying capacity into consideration, as population reaches carrying capacity growth rates slow. |
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Term
| What is Density-Dependent Population regulation, and what does it include? |
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Definition
| Density-Dependent population regulation instensify as the population increases in size and include: competition, predation, Toxin waste accumulation, intrinsic factors (stress), territoriality, disease. |
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Term
| What is density independent population regulation? |
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Definition
| Density independent factors also influence population growth, but before density dependent factors become a problem. ALSO KNOWN AS THE BAD LUCK EVENTS! |
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Term
| What are life history traits? |
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Definition
| Life history of an organism describes the traits that affect its schedule of birth and death rates. they are shaped by adaptive evolution and vary with species. Important components of life history are: Age of first reproduction, age of last reproduction, frequency of reproduction, number of offspring per reproduction, degree of parental care of offspring, rate of mortality over lifespan. |
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Term
| What doe "r" selected species typically show? |
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Definition
| High rate of reproduction, little parental care, many usually small offspring, opportunists, boom or bust, type III survivor ship curve. |
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Term
| What do "K" selected species typically show? |
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Definition
| Reproduce later in life, small number of offspring, born relatively large, parental care, mature more slowly, type I survivor ship curve. |
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Term
| What are the two components of biodiversity? |
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Definition
Species richness: the total number of different species in the community
relative abundance: The proportion of the community made up of different species. |
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Term
| What is the importance of the prevalent form of vegetation in community structure? |
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Definition
| The types and structural features of plants in a community largely determine the kinds of animals that live in the community |
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Term
| What are inter specific interactions? |
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Definition
| inter specific are interactions between species. |
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Term
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Definition
| Symbiosis is any interaction between species. competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism, commensalism. |
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Term
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Definition
| A niche is a species role or job in the community. |
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Term
| What is ecological niche? |
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Definition
| Ecological niche is the total requirements of species for all resources and physical conditions that determine where it can live and how abundant it can be at any one place within its range |
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Term
| What is a fundamental niche? |
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Definition
| A fundamental niche is the total range of conditions that a species can tolerate |
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Term
| What is a realized niche? |
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Definition
| A realized niche is part of the fundamental niche that is actually occupied by the species. (IDEA) |
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Term
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Definition
| Generalists tolerate a broad range of conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialists can only tolerate a narrow range of conditions. (they are picky) |
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Term
| When species of identical niches compete what outcomes are there going to be? |
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Definition
| Competitive exclusion, resource partitioning, character displacement. |
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Term
| What is competitive Exclusion? |
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Definition
| Competitive Exclusion is when one species will out compete the other and exclude it from the community. |
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Term
| What is resource partitioning? |
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Definition
| Resource partitioning is when one or both species use different sets of resources, this enables similar species to coexists. |
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Term
| What is Character displacement? |
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Definition
| Character displacement is the tendency for characteristics to be more divergent in sympatric populations of two species that in allotropic populations of the same two species. IE beak sizes for fiches. |
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Term
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Definition
| Predation is when organisms eat other organisms. |
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Term
| What are some adaptations that prey make? |
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Definition
Crypsis: Camouflage
Aposematic coloration: Animals with chemical defenses
Mimicry: An adaptation in which on species mimcs the appearance of another, usually to gain protection |
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Term
| What are the two types of mimcry? |
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Definition
Batesian: Harmless species mimcs harmful
Mullerian: harmful mimcs another harmful |
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Term
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Definition
| Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits while the other is harmed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mutualism is a symbiosis that benfits both partners |
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Term
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Definition
| Commensalism is when one species benefits, but the other is not benefited or harmed. |
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Term
| What are the different trophic levels? |
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Definition
Producer: Makes food (plants)
Consumer: Eats other organism
Decomposers: Break down wastes and dead organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Biomass is the amount of organic material in an ecosystem |
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Term
| what is primary productivity? |
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Definition
| the amount of biomass that producers produce. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a gene control more than one trait |
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Term
| What are 3 examples that prove evolution? |
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Definition
| Fossils, homologus structures,mutation |
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Term
| How is Genetic variation achieved? |
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Definition
| Gene flow, recombination, mutation. |
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Term
| what are Biological Species? |
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Definition
| Species are groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups |
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Term
| Speciation that occurs based on geographical isolation is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is sympatric speciation? |
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Definition
| Speciation without geographical isolation |
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Term
| What are major events in life's history? |
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Definition
3.5 bill: origin of prokaryotes
2.5 bill: production of oxygen
2.2 bill: single-celled eukaryotic organisms appeared
1 bill: multicellular eukaryotes
535 mill: Present day animal phyla appeared suddenly
500 mill years ago: colonization of land began (plants and fungi) |
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Term
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Definition
| Domain bacteria, domain archea, domain eukarya |
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Term
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Definition
| The ordering and naming of organims |
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Term
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Definition
| the science of classification |
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Term
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Definition
| A shared derived characteristic. |
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Term
| what is community structure? |
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Definition
| the assemblage of species and how it changes over time |
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Term
| what characterizes aquatic biomes? |
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Definition
| characterized by differences in size, salinity & flow |
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Term
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Definition
| Acclimations are reversible changes or responses. |
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