Term
| What initiates acrosomal reaction? |
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Definition
| When sperm touches jellycoat of egg |
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Term
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Definition
| released by sperm and digest egg's jelly coat |
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Term
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Definition
| thin externsion that grows out from sperm to meet vitelline envelope. |
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Term
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Definition
covers acrosomal process and is recgonized by same specie recptors on egg.
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Term
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Definition
sodium ions flow into cell after fusion.
this infulx in the egg's membrane's polarity prevents other sperm cells from fusing. |
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Term
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Definition
initaited by calcium release
releases cortical granules which break molecular connections between vitelline envelope and plasma membrane. water enters vitelline envelope and envelope eventually becomes hardend. |
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Term
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Definition
| brings nucleuos of sperm into egg |
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Term
| the acrosomal process contains ___________ that lengthen through polymerization |
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Definition
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Term
| the wave of calcium that is released upon the fusion of sperm and egg triggers |
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Definition
| cortical granules to fuse with the egg's plasma membrane |
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Term
| order of molecules and layers on the egg, from outermost to innermost |
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Definition
| jelly coat, bindin receptors, vitelline envelope, plasma membrane |
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Term
| In signal transduction cascade, Phopholipase C is? |
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Definition
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Term
| in signal transduction casade, IP3 and Ca2+ |
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Definition
are second messengers
small molecules that link two transducer proteins in a signalling pathway |
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Term
| In spemann's Experiment, what happend to the zygot that was cut in half with only one side containing the gray crescent? |
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Definition
| one developed normally whlie the other does not |
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Term
| grey scresecnt in the amphibian zygote corresponds to the ______ sdie of the future embryo |
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Definition
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Term
| A stressor (eg drought) activates _______ of regulator protein |
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Definition
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Term
| binding of _______ proteins to stress response elements stimulates transcription of genes, which produce different proteins paraticipating in the stress response |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| _______ ______ are found in the vegetal pole but not the animal pole |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a diagram of the blastula showing which cells are "fated" to contriubte to sepific tissues and organs in the mature body |
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Term
| Cell potential is different from cell fate in that |
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Definition
| it is intially broader than cell fate |
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Term
| cell potential is _____ as develop,etm proceeds |
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Definition
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Term
put in order
pluripotent, differentiatied, determined, totipotent |
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Definition
| totipotent, pluipotent, determined, differentiated |
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Term
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Definition
| individual blastomers are determined early |
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Term
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Definition
| blastomeres remain undetermined |
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Term
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Definition
| what types of cells early blastomers will become |
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Term
| stem cells retain ____ and are (toti, pluri, determend or differentiated?) |
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Definition
| cell potential and are pluirpetent |
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Term
| deiffereneted plant cells still retain thier |
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Definition
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Term
true or false
totipotecny can be rescued from adult animal cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
encode enzyemes that participate in basic cell metabolism "housekeeping genes"
expressed in all cells
encode enzymes that have cell -specific functions
restricted to certain differentiated cell types |
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Term
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Definition
encode sturctual proteins
may be ubiquitous or restriced to a few cell types |
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Term
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Definition
encode proteins that regulate the expression of ohter genes
expressed in subset of cells.
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Term
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Definition
| act directly on gene regulatory sequcenes |
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Term
| signalling facotrs act (directly/inderectly) on genes at ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| posttranslational control |
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Definition
| includes mechinisms to modify protiens and affect their function and longevity |
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Term
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Definition
| involves RNA splicing and modification of ends of primary RNA transcript |
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Term
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Definition
| major mechanism for differiental gene expression in eukariotes |
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Term
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Definition
delaying modification of mRNA's G cap to time the onset of its translation
contorled by protiens that bond to mRNA |
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