Term
|
Definition
| a shared trait found among two or more taxa and their most recent common ancestor, whose ancestor in turn does not possess the trait. |
|
|
Term
Green algae are ___morphies shared with ____ plants. Its cell walls are primarily _______.
_____ synthesized as storage product |
|
Definition
| synapomorphies, land, cellulose, starch |
|
|
Term
| Transition to land: how did plants adapt to dry conditions? |
|
Definition
- prevent water loss
- transport water and nutrients
- support plant body
|
|
|
Term
| Major evolutionary adaptations that allowed plants to shift from aquatic to terrestrial environments: |
|
Definition
- cuticle
- pores
- stomata
- vascular tissue
- roots
- tracheids
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elongated hollow cells joined end-to-end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polymer with high mechanical strength |
|
|
Term
| Examples of non-vascular plants |
|
Definition
| liverworts, hornworts, and mosses |
|
|
Term
| Examples of seedless vascular plants |
|
Definition
| Lycophytes (club mosses, spike mosses), Pterophytes (horsetails, whisk ferns) |
|
|
Term
| Examples of vascular plants (with seed) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Liverworts (Hepaticophyta) |
|
Definition
- thallus
- air pores which do no open and close
- Asexual reproduction: fragmentation or gemmae
- Sexual reproduction: spores dispersed by water or wind
|
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Hornworts (Anthocerophyta) |
|
Definition
- stomata present on sporophytes
- Asexual reproduction: fragmentation
- Sexual reproduction: spores dispersed by water or wind
- unisexual or bisexual
|
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of mosses |
|
Definition
- stomata present on sporophytes
- Primitive unreinforced water-conducting cells
- Asexual reproduction: fragmentation
- Sexual reproduction: spores dispersed by wind
|
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Lycophytes (Lycophyta) |
|
Definition
- oldest lineage with true roots & leaves
- asexual reproduction: fragmentation
- sexual reproduction: spores dispersed by wind
|
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Whisk ferns (Psilotophyta) |
|
Definition
- roots and leaves (lacking as a result of secondary loss-ancestor had them)
- Asexual reproduction: rhizomes (underground stem)
- Sexual reproduction: spores dispersed by wind
|
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Horestails (Spenophyta) |
|
Definition
- stems hollow
- roots & scale-like leaves present
- Asexual reproduction: fragmentation, rhizomes
- Asexual reproduction: spores dispersed by wind
|
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Ferns (Pteridophyta) |
|
Definition
- especially diverse in tropics
- many grow as epihytes(grow on another plant without harming it)
- large leaves, develop as "fiddleheads"
- Asexual reproduction: fragmentation (uncommon)
- sexual reproduction: spores dispersed by wind
|
|
|
Term
| 5 derived traits of seed plants |
|
Definition
- Reduced gametophytes
- heterospory
- ovules
- pollen
- seeds
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Cycadophyta: cycads
- Ginkgophyta: ginkgo
- Gnetophyta: gnetophytes
- Confierophyta: conifers
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plants unisexual: either male or female |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- gymnosperm
- woody shrubs or palmlike trees
- evergreen
- pollen in cones; wind insect dispersed
- dioecious
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A waxy layer that prevents water loss from stems and leaves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stomata have pores that allow gas exchange in photosynthetic tissues |
|
|
Term
| Absence of _______ increases efficiency of water transport. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 main groups of land plants |
|
Definition
1. Green algae
2. Non-vascular plants
3. Seedless vascular plants
4. Vascular plants with seed(4. Gymosperms, 5. Angiosperms)
|
|
|
