Term
| Synapomorphies of Bikonta |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- S: distinct molecular characteristics
- S: ventral feeding groov present (lost in some groups)
- S: disc-shaped cristae in the mitochondria
- many lack a mitochondria yet it is believed that the common ancestory of all excavates possesed mitochondria
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Term
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Definition
- Lack mitochondria
- unicellular
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Term
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Definition
- S: flagella contain a crystalline rod not found in other organisms
- not all possess chloroplasts
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Term
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Definition
- Unicellular
- two flagella
- contains a kinetoplast, a unique structure containing multiple circular DNA molecules and associated proteins
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Term
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Definition
- photosynthetic organism
- typically have cell walls composed in part of cellulose
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Chromalveolates: Stramenopiles |
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Definition
- S: plastids (large organelles) formed from secondary endosymbiosis with red algal ancestor (lost in some groups)
- S: tubular crisae
- possess one straight flagellum and one with hairs
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Term
| Chromalveolates: Alveolates |
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Definition
| S: the presences of alveolis (sacs located just beneath their plasma membrane that is for support) |
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Term
Chromalveolates: Alveolates - Apicomplexan
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Definition
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Term
| Chromalveolates: Alveolates - Dinoflagellates |
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Definition
- Most are important primary producers in marine ecosystems
- are a distinctive brown color
- cellulose skeleton
- often possess two flagella
- cause the red tide
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Term
| Chromalveolates: Alveolates - Ciliates |
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Definition
- Have numeorus hairlike cilia
- S: possesion of two trypes of nuclei
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Term
| Chromalveolates: Stramenopiles |
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Definition
- S: possess one straight flagellum and one with tubular hairs yet it is only present during a short period of their lifecycle
- Some members of the clade lack flagella
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Term
Chromalveolates: Stramenopiles - Brown Algae
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Definition
- this clad generally possess the pigments fucoxanthin, plus chlorophyll a and c in their chloroplasts
- multi-cellular
- almost exclusively marine
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Term
Chromalveolates: Stramenopiles - Diatoms
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Definition
- S: presence of a two-piece cilia wall with many many holes/filters
- used in chalk
- unicellular, although species associate to form filaments
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Term
| Chromalveolates: Haptophytes |
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Definition
- unequal smooth flagells
- often armored with calcium carbonate scales
- abundant member of marine phytoplankton
- photosynthetics
- unicellular
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Term
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Definition
- S: unique molecular characteristics
- S: filose (thread-like) psudopodia
- unicellular
- aquatic
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Term
Bikonta: Rhizaria - Foraminferans
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Definition
- S: secretion of calcium carbonate to form external shells
- they are famous for having created vast limestone deposits
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Term
| Bikonta: Rhizaria - Radiolarians |
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Definition
| characterized byt heir siliceous skeleton |
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Term
| Bikonts: Archaeplastida - Plantae - Glaucophytes |
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Definition
- Possess chloroplasts derieved through primary endosymbiosis
- Their chloroplast is unique mong plantae in that is has peptidoglycan incorporated b/t its inner and outer cell membrane (a feature shared with cyanobacteria)
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Term
Bikonts: Archaeplastida - Plantae - Glaucophytes - Red Algae
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Definition
- S: one of the only photosynthetic eukaryotic groups that possesses phycoerythrins (photosynthetic pigment that absorbs red, yellow,orange, and green light) a trait also shared with cyanobacteria.
- multi-cellular
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Term
Bikonts: Archaeplastida - Plantae - Glaucophytes - Green Plants
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Definition
- S: possesssion of the pigment chlorophyll b and storage of starch
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Term
Bikonts: Archaeplastida - Plantae - Green Plants - Chlorophytes
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Definition
- Contain chlorophylls a and b and form starch resrves of energy
- Through secondary endosymbiosis a chlorphyte cecame the chloroplast of the euglanids.
- They have alteration of generation
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bikonts: Archaeplastida - Plantae - Green Plants - Land Plants |
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Definition
- multicellular
- photosynthetic
- traits that aid a terrestrial life style
- retain water - cuticle
- regulate gas exchange b/t the plant & the environment - stomato
- prevent dehydration - gametangia
- prevent eggs from drying out - protected embryos
- protection from uv rays - specialized pigments
- alteration of generations life cycle
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Term
| Bikonts: Archaeplastida - Plantae - Green Plants - Land Plants - Nonvascular Land Plants |
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Definition
- S: do not have a vascular system
- The sporophyte generation is smaller than the gametophyte generation
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Term
Bikonts: Archaeplastida - Plantae - Green Plants - Land Plants - Nonvascular Land Plants - Liverworts
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Definition
- Though tto be the msot ancient surviving clade of land plants
- Distinct in that their sporophyts are shorter than those of hornworts and mosses
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Term
Bikonts: Archaeplastida - Plantae - Green Plants - Land Plants - Nonvascular Land Plants - Mosses
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Definition
- the first to develop stoma
- most mosses are two cells thick tus allowing cell to cell diffusion of nutrients, water, adn wastes
- spend the majority fo their lfie in gametophyte stage
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Term
Bikonts: Archaeplastida - Plantae - Green Plants - Land Plants - Vascular Land Plants
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Definition
- S: Have a vascular system. All have tracheid
- S: a branchign idnependet sporophyte. Offers the advantage of producign more spores than the unbranching spores
- The tracheid, elongated cells in the xylem that serve in the transport of water and mineral salts) was a significant developments because it provided a pathway for transport of water, allowng for it not to be necessary for land plants to be close to water.
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Term
Bikonts: Archaeplastida - Plantae - Green Plants - Land Plants - Vascular Land Plants - Seedless Vascular Plants - Ferns
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Definition
- Sporophytes of ferns, like those of seed plants, have true roots, stems and leaves
- Sporophyte stage dominates
- Flagellated motile sperm
- Diloid zygote develops directly from the gametophyte
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Term
| Bikonts: Archaeplastida - Plantae - Green Plants - Land Plants - Vascular Land Plants - Seed Plants |
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Definition
- greatly reduced gametophytes
- Now no need for gametes swimming in water
- only plants that have wood
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Term
Bikonts: Archaeplastida - Plantae - Green Plants - Land Plants - Vascular Land Plants - Seed Plants - gymnosperms
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Definition
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Term
Bikonts: Archaeplastida - Plantae - Green Plants - Land Plants - Vascular Land Plants - Seed Plants - Angiosperms
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Definition
- S: flowering plants
- S: Their vascular tissues are unique in that they contain distinctive cell types such as vessel elemetns, fibers, and companion cells that are rearely obsrved in other Plantae.
- S: triploid endosperm b/c one sperm nucleu fertlizes the egg to form the zygote while thee other nucleus combines with the two polar nuclei to form the endosperm
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