Term
| Functions of Circulatory System |
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Definition
Transportation of respiratory gases
Delivery of nutrients & hormones
Waste removal
Temperature regulation
Clotting
Immune Function |
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Term
| Cardiovascular Systems help by... |
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Definition
Heart pumps blood through cardiovascular system using
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins |
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Term
| Lymphatic System helps by... |
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Definition
Picks up excess fluid that is filtered out of capillary beds & returns fluids to veins.
Lymph nodes are included in this process. |
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Term
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Definition
4 Chambers: RA, RV, LA, LV
Valves: Right AV, Left AV, Aortic semilunar valve, Pulmonary semilunar valve |
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Term
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Definition
Seperates atria & ventricles by dense connective tissue
Forms rings that support heart valves |
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Term
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Definition
| atrial cells attact to top & bottom of fibrous skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| Pulmonary Vein -> Right Atrium ->Right AV valve-> Right Ventricle ->Pulmonary Semilunar Valve -> Pulmonary Arterie -> Lungs -> Pulmonary Vein -> Left Atria -> Left AV Valve -> Left Ventricle -> Aortic Semilunar Valve |
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Term
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Definition
Connect to AV Valves
Prevent AV Valves from opening due to hight pressure developed by contraction |
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Term
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Definition
Contraction/Relaxation
both atria contract together, then both ventricles contract together |
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Term
End-Diastolic Volume
(EDV) |
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Definition
| volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (when full of blood) |
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Term
End- Systolic Volume
(ESV) |
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Definition
| amount of blood left in ventricles at end of systole (when blood ejected) |
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Term
Isovolumic Contraction
(systole) |
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Definition
| When ventricles contract, av valves close. Ventricular pressure is too low to open semilunar valves. (all 4 valves are closed) |
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Term
Ventricular Ejection
(systole) |
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Definition
| ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure and pushes semilunar valves open (closes AV valves) |
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Term
Isovolumetric Ventricular Relaxation/ Filling
(diastole) |
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Definition
| Ventricles relax and ventricular pressure decreases. When ventricular pressure falls below atrial pressure, AV valves open and blood flows from atrium to ventricals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| closing of semilunar and aortic |
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Term
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Definition
short and branched
interconnected by gap junctions
forming muscle mass of heart chamber |
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Term
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Definition
functions as pacemaker
depolarizes spontaneously to threshold (pacemaker potential) |
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Term
| Cardiac Excitiation caused by SA Node |
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Definition
1. SA node begins
2.Atrial excitation
3. Sends to the dome of the heart
4. Ventricular Excitation |
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Term
Pacemaker Potentials
SA Node |
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Definition
| has slow spontaneous depolarization (no resting membrane potential) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Na+ goes in during pacemaker potential
2. Opening of Ca+ channels in plasma membrane, Ca+ goes in creating upstroke & contraction
3. Repolarization happens by opeing voltage-gated K+ channels.
4. Repeat |
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Term
Myocardial Action Potentials
(plateau phase) |
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Definition
- Myocardial Cells have a RPM of -90 mV
- Depolarization to threshold comes from SA node
- Upstroke occurs as Na+ channels open
- MP declinds to -15 mv (plateau phase)
- Plateau results from Ca2+ & K+
- Repolarization is opening of extra K+ channels
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Term
| Conducting APs through Tissues of Heart |
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Definition
- AP spreads thru myocardium causing atriums to contract
- When it gets to AV node, AP travels down the AV bundle
- The Bundle of HIS goes thru skeletons
- Gives a rise to Purkinje Fibers near the apex of the heart.
- Once it hits Purkinje Fibers, AP travels thru gap junctions causing ventricles to contract
- Heart squeezes the heart from the bottom and blood is pushed thru semilunar valves.
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Term
| Excitation-Contraction Coupling |
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Definition
- depolarization causes voltage gated Ca2+ to open in the sarcolemma
- Releases Ca2+ in SR
- Ca2+ binds to troponin and stimulates contraction (like skeletal muscle)
- During repolarization Ca2+ is pumped out of cell and back into SR
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Term
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Definition
Myocardial AP has long refractory period.
Heart can not be stimulated to contract again until it has relaxed |
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Term
Electrocardiogram
ECG
atrial/ventrical contract |
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Definition
P-Q-R ------Atrial Contract (lubb)
R-S-T-----Ventricles Contract (dubb) |
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Term
| Structure of Blood Vessels |
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Definition
3 layers
- tunica externia-connective tissue
- tunica media- mostly smooth muscle
- tunica internia- endothelium, basement membrane, & elastin
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Term
| Capillaries are made up of only... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blood is moved to hear by sorrounding skeletal muscles (pumps) |
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