Term
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Definition
| Behaviours to be improved in a behaviour modification program |
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Term
| Behavioural Assessment (4 Steps) |
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Definition
1. Identify and describe target behaviour
2. Identify possible causes of the behaviour
3. guide the selection of an appropriate behavioural treatment
4. evaluate treatment outcome |
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Term
| Misconceptions About Behaviour Modification (7) |
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Definition
1. Use of rewards by behaviour modifiers to change behaviour is bribery
2. Behaviour Modification involves the use of drugs, psychosurgery, and shock therapy
3. BM changes only symptoms but doesn't get at the underlying problems
4. BM can be applied to deal with simple problems, such as toilet training, but not for complex behaviours such as low self-esteem
5. Behaviour modifiers are cold and unfeeling and don't develop empathy with their clients
6. Behaviour modifiers deal only with observable behaviour, they don't deal with thoughts and feelings of clients
7. Behaviour modification is outdated |
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Term
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Definition
| the scientific study of laws that govern the behaviour of human beings and other animals |
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Term
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Definition
| Behaviour modification carried out on dysfunctional behaviour (anxiety disorders, depression, etc) |
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Term
| Cognitive Behaviour Modification |
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Definition
| threading behavioural dysfunction by changing thought patterns that were responsible for the action/symptom |
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Term
| Applications of Behaviour Modification |
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Definition
Developmental Disabilities
Autism
Schizophrenia
Clinical Behaviour Therapy
Self-Management of Personal Problems
Medical and Healthcare
Gerontology
Community Behaviour Analysis |
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Term
| Applications of Behaviour Modification - Developmental Disabilities |
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Definition
-IQ less than 2 SD below the mean (2.3%)
--Normalization - Community integration
--Civil Rights - Education
--Behaviour modifiers create technology to improve behaviour of individuals with developmental disabilities - Learn toiling, social skills, self-help skills |
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Term
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Definition
- Impaired self-care skills, impaired social behaviour, impaired communication skill, abnormal play behaviour
- Early Intensive Behavioural Intervention (EIBI) used on children <30 months, 50% CAN BE INTEGRATED INTO THE SCHOOL SYSTEM |
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Term
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Definition
- BM used to teach positive social interactions, communication skills, assertiveness, and job-finding
- Cognitive BM can be used to reduce and eliminate delusions - Kinda bullshit since its biologically based |
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Term
| Clinical Behaviour Therapy |
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Definition
BM used to treat anxiety disorders, depression, OCD
- The choice for many psychologists
- Can replace drugs in a lot of situations |
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Term
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Definition
Self-control - controlling behaviour
Useful for saving money, gambling etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Health Psychology
- Preventative Medicine
- Reducing strain on health-care system |
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Term
| 5 Areas of applied Medical and Health care |
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Definition
1. Biofeedback - Gain control over physiological processes
2. Compliance with medical treatment
3. Promotion of healthy living
4. Management of care givers - family, friends, medical staff
5. Stress Management - behavioural strategies to cope with stress |
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Term
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Definition
| Basically how to better the life of the elderly |
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Term
| Community Behaviour Analysis |
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Definition
| Controlling community behaviour (littering, increase recycling, promote energy conservation |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulus that, when presented immediately following a behaviour, causes the behaviour to increase in frequency |
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Term
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Definition
| In a given situation, somebody does something that is followed immediately by a positive reinforcer, then that person is more likely to do the same thing again when he or she next encounters a similar situation |
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Term
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Definition
Behaviours that operate on the environment to generate consequences and are in turn influenced by those consequences
- Operant behaviours that are followed by reinforcers are strengthened, and operant behaviours that are followed by punishers are weakened |
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Term
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Definition
| If the opportunity to engage in a behaviour that has a high probability of occurring is made contingent on a behaviour that has a low probability of occurring, then the behaviour that has a low probability of occurring will be strengthened |
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Term
Factor Influencing the Effectiveness of Positive Reinforcement
(8) |
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Definition
1. Selecting the Behaviour to be Increased
2. Choosing reinforcers
3. Motivating Operations
4. Reinforcement Size
5. Instructions: Use of rules
6. Reinforcer Immediacy
7. Contingent vs. Non-contingent reinforcement
8. Weaning the Learner form the program and changing to natural reinforcers |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporarily alter the effectiveness of a reinforcer |
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Term
| Reinforcer immediacy - Direct effect |
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Definition
| The direct effect of a positive reinforcer is the increased frequency of response because it was immediately followed by the reinforcer |
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Term
| Reinforcer immediacy - Indirect effect |
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Definition
| The indirect effect of a positive reinforcer is the strengthening of a response that is followed by that reinforcer, even though the reinforcer is delayed |
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Term
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Definition
| A specific behaviour must occur before that reinforcer will be present |
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Term
| Non-Contingent reinforcer |
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Definition
| If that reinforcer is presented at a particular time regardless of the preceding behaviour |
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Term
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Definition
| Follow the course of everyday living, occurs naturally in the individuals environment |
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Term
| Pitfalls of Positive Reinforcement |
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Definition
1. A principle can be misused by someone who is unaware of using it
2. A person may know the principle but not realize some ramification that interfere with applying it effectively
3. A principle can be inaccurately used as an oversimplified explanation of a change in behaviour
4. Individuals without behavioural knowledge sometimes attempt to explain behaviour or lack of it by inappropriately giving people a label
5. Some behavioural procedures aren't applied because they are quite complex and require specialized knowledge or training |
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