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| a system of though in psychology that studied how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environments |
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| He linked specific functional impairments to lesions in the brain. Discovered Broca's area that is a major language center in the brain. |
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| What are the divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system? |
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Central nervous system - brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system - somatic and autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) |
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| What are the 3 kinds of neurons and what are their functions? |
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Sensory (afferent neurons) - transmit sensory information from receptors to the spinal cord and brain
Motor (efferent) neurons - transmit motor information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
Interneurons - found between other neurons and are located predominantly in the brain and spinal cord and are often linked to reflexive behavior |
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| voluntary vs. involuntary |
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| What does the sympathetic division of the nervous system do? |
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| It is the fight or flight response to stimuli. It will increase adrenaline, increase blood flow to muscles, decrease blood to digestive system, etc. |
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| What is the parasympathetic nervous system? |
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| Rest and digest. Slow heart rate, stimulate peristalsis, bile release, flow of saliva and contracts bladder |
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| part of hindbrain that relays information and regulates sleep |
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| part of hindbrain that regulates, breathing, heartbeat and blood pressure |
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| part of hindbrain that help with posture, balance and refined motor movements |
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| part of midbrain that receives visual sensory input and is involved with sensorimotor reflexes |
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| part of midbrain that receives auditory sensory input and is involved with sensorimotor reflexes |
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| part of diencephalon in forebrain; relay station for all sensory information except for smell. Sorts all of the sensory information and decides which part of the cerebral cortex it should be sent to |
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| part of diencephalon in forebrain; regulates homeostasis, emotional experience in response to high arousal states, endocrine function, regulation of autonomic system |
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| triggers eating and drinking |
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| ventromedial hypothalamus |
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| recognizes that we are full or satiated |
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| part of diencephalon in forebrain; releases hormones produced by hypothalamus when stimulated by hypothalamus: antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin. |
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| part of diencephalon in forebrain; regulates circadian rhythms through melatonin secretion |
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| telencephalon; coordinates our muscle movement, smooth movement and steady posture. Malfunctions can cause parkinson's disease |
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| telencephalon; primarily associated with emotions and memory; composed of interconnected structures looping around the central portion of the brain; primary structures are septal nuclei, amygdala and hippocampus |
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| part of limbic system which is found in telencephalon; important for memory and learning |
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| part of limbic system in telencephalon important for emotion and memory esp. for reacting fearfully or aggressively to a stimuli |
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| contain one of the primary pleasure centers of brain. assocation between these nuclei and addictive behavior |
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| composed of prefrontal cortex and the motor cortex prefrontal cortex - supervises and directs operations of other brain regions; planning primary motor cortex - located on precentral gyrus, initiates voluntary motor movements by sending neural impulses down the spinal cord toward muscles; Broca's area - speech production |
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| part of frontal lobe, usually found on the dominant hemisphere (usually left) and is important for speech production |
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| associated with spatial processing and manipulation. Also contains somatosensory cortex which involved in somatosensory info processing |
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| visual cortex, involved with vision |
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contains auditory cortex and Wernicke's area.
auditory cortex - processes sound
Wernicke's area - language reception and comprehension |
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| connects the two hemispheres of the brain and coordinates communication between the two |
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| acts on CNS; smooth movement and postural stability |
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| acts in CNS; plays a role in regulating mood, eating, sleeping, dreaming |
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| acts in CNS; gamma-aminobutyric acid; brain "stabilization" by hyperpolarizing postsynaptic membrane |
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| acts in CNS; kills pain and is longer lasting |
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| acts in both CNS and PNS; in PNS it transmits nerve impulses to the muscles; in CNS it is linked to attention and arousal |
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| acts in PNS; adrenaline; fight or flight |
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| acts in PNS; noradrenaline; helps control wakefulness and alertness |
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| innate behaviors from genetics vs. learn behaviors from environment |
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| acts in CNS; brain "stabilization" by hyperpolarizing postsynaptic membrane |
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| acts in CNS; brain excitation |
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