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| an electrical potential recorder from an electrode places on or in a muscle |
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| an electrical potential from the eyes, recorded by means of electrodes places on theskin around them; detects eye movements |
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| smooth electrical activity of 8-12 Hz recorded from the brain; generally associated with a state of relaxation; typically when eyes are closed |
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| irregular electrical activity of 13-30 Hz recorded from the brain; generally associated with a state of arousal. shows dysynchrony, reflecting the fact that many neural circuits are actively processing info |
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| desynchronized activity occurs when a person is... |
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Definition
| alert, attentive to events in environment, or thinking hard |
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Definition
| EEG activity of 3.5-7.5 Hz that occurs intermittently during early stages of slow-wave sleep and REM sleep. firing in the neural cortex has synchronized |
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| theta activity, neocortex activity more synchronized, transition between wake and sleep (10min) |
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| generally irregular EEG with patches of theta, sleep spindles, and K complexes, if woken will report not having slept (15 min) |
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| short bursts of waves 12-14 Hz that occur between two and five times a minute during stages 1-4 of sleep |
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| sudden, sharp waveforms, usually only in stage 2 sleep and about once a minute or can be triggered by noise |
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Definition
| part of slow-wave sleep, signaled by occurrence of high-amplitude delta activity, 20-50% delta activity |
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| regular, synchronous electrical activity of less than 4 Hz recorded from the brain; occurs during the deepest stages of slow-wave sleep |
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| non-REM sleep, characterized by synchronized EEG activity during its deeper stages. most important feature: slow biphasic oscillations of > 1 Hz indicating a down and up state. also has K complexes, sleep spindles, and delta waves which synch with the oscillations |
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Definition
| a period of inhibition during a slow oscillation in slow-wave sleep; neurons in the neocortex are silent and resting (hyperpolarization) |
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Definition
| a period of excitation during a slow oscillation in slow-wave sleep; neurons in the neocortex briefly fire at a high rate.(depolarization) |
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| a period of desynchronized EEG activity during sleep, at which time dreaming, rapid eye movements, and muscular paralysis occur; also called paradoxical sleep (90 min after sleep start) awoken feeling alert and attentive. legit vivid dreams. and boners |
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Definition
| deepest stage of sleep, only loud noises will awaken, when woken: groggy and confused. emotion/feeling "dreams" (night terrors) |
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| all other stages of sleep (usually about 60 min worth) |
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| a form of insomnia where there is a cessation of breathing while sleeping. the person wakes gasping for air. may damage neurons that play an important role in wakefulness and alertness |
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Definition
| a sleep disorder characterized by periods of irresistible sleep, attacks of cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations. produced by a brain abnormality that disrupts the neural mechanisms that control various aspects of sleep and arousal; hereditary gene on chromosome 6 (orexin receptors destroyed usually at adolescence) |
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Definition
| a symptom of narcolepsy; an irresistable urge to sleep during the day, after which that person awakes feeling refreshed |
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| a symptom of narcolepsy; complete (or partial) paralysis that occurs during waking, precipitated by strong emotional reactions or by sudden physical effort, escecially if the patient is caught unaware |
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Definition
| a symptom of narcolepsy; paralysis occurring just before a person falls asleep |
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Definition
| a symptom of narcolepsy; vivid dreams that occur just before a person falls asleep; accompanied by sleep paralysis |
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Definition
| a peptide, also known as Hypocretin, produced by neurons whose call bodies are located in the hypothalamus; their destruction causes narcolepsy (orexin B receptors) |
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Definition
Ritalin (a catecholamine agonist): sleep attacks
antidepressants (serotonin and noradrenaline activity facilitator): cataplexy |
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Term
| REM Sleep behavior disorder |
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Definition
| a neurological disorder in which the person does not become paralyzed during REM sleep and thus acts out dreams. (treated with clonazepam, a benzopeptide) |
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| other sleep disorders (slow-wave) |
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Definition
| bedwetting, night terrors, sleepwalking |
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| sleep-related eating-disorder |
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Definition
| a disorder in which the person leaves his or her bed and sneaks out and eats food while sleepwalking, usually without a memory for the episode the next day |
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Definition
| a fatal inherited disorder characterized by progressive insomnia. deficits in attention and memory, followed by dreamlike, confused state; loss of controll of the sutonomic nervous system and the endocrine system; increased body temp; and insomnia |
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Definition
| the increased frequency/need of REM after it has been deprived for a while |
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Definition
| a (nucleoside) neuromodulator that is released by neurons engaging in high levels of metabolic activity, may play a primary role in the initiation of sleep |
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Definition
| a dark-colored group of noradenergic cell bodies located in the pons near the rostral end of the floor of the fourth ventricle; involved in arousal and vigilance |
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Definition
| a group of nuclei located in the reticular formation of the medulla, pons, and midbrain, situated along the midline; contain serotonergic neurons. (stimulation=locomotion and cortical arousal) |
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Term
| tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) |
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Definition
| a nucleus in the ventral posterior hypothalmus, just rostral to the mammillary bodies; contains histaminergic neurons involved in cortical activation and behavioral arousal |
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Term
| ventrolateral preoptic area (vlPOA) |
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Definition
| a group of GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area whose activity suppresses alertness and behavioral arousal and promotes sleep |
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Term
| sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD) |
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Definition
| a region of the dorsal pons, just ventral to the LC, that contains REM-ON neurons; part of the REM flip-flop |
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| ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter (vlPAG) |
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Definition
| a region of the dorsal midbrain, that contains REM-OFF neurons; part of the REM flip-flop |
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Definition
| a daily rhythmical change in behavior or phyciological process |
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Definition
| a stimulus (usually the light of dawn) that resets the biological clock that is responsible for circadian rhythms |
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| suprchiasmatic nucleus (SCN) |
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Definition
| a nucleus situated atop the optic chiasm. it contains a biological clock that is responsible for circadian rhythms |
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Definition
| a photopigment present in ganglion cells in the retina whose axons transmit info to the SCN, the thalamus, and the olivary pretectal nuclei |
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| advanced sleep phase syndrome |
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Definition
| a 4-hour advance in rhythms iof sleep and temperature cycles, apparently caused by a mutation of a gene involved in the rhythmicity of neurons of the SCN |
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Definition
| a 4-hour delay in rhythms of sleep and temperature cycles, possibly caused by a mutation of a gene involved in the rhythmicity of neurons of the SCN |
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Definition
| a gland attached to the dorsal tectum; produces melatonin and plays a role in circadian and seasonal rhythms |
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Definition
| a hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; plays a role in circadian and seasonal rhythms |
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