week 2 of pregnancy

due to increased progesterone

18-20 weeks in primigravida

15-17 weeks in multigravida

first fetal movement

babbling

responds to name

mama, dada

understands NO

separation anxiety

sense of object permanence

leading cause of mental retardation

baby with withdrawals (temors, hypertonia, restlessness, sleeping problems)

sustained conversation

strong vocabulary

appropriate pronouns

attachment disorders

autism & PDD

affective disorders

personality traits

right-left hand orientation & cerebrum myelination complete

99% of nervous system has attained adult maturation

PIAGET pre-operational thought

recognizes symbols

egocentric thinking

animism

FREUD phalic phase

Oedipus/Electral Complex

(childhood) initiative vs guilt

intuitive thinking

relience on memory and appearance rather than logic or reason

formal operations

abstract thinking

internal conflicts

high anxiety

large-diameter stools

retentive posturing

expanding rectum

fecal impaction

rectal fissures

fear of gaining weight

disturbance of self-perception of body weight

amenorrhea

binge eating/purging

binge eating followed by sense of lack of control

self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives

purging & non-purging types

CRAFFT

ridden in car under influence

used drugs/alcohol to relax

forgotten things you did while under the influence

friends/family tell you to cut down

gotten in trouble while using

Adjustment Disorders

internalization (anxiety, depression)

externalization (aggression)

coping strategies (avoidance mechanisms)

intergenerational separation

regulation of interpersonal distance

engagement with the outside world

support for risk-taking

cohesive (orderly & structured)

ritual & routine

strong religious affiliation

traditional sex roles

internally focused

low orderliness

low intimacy & companionship

non-traditional

externally focused

well-defined boundaries & norms

tense & emotionally constrained

poorly regulated emotional outbursts

unresolved tension & hostility

poor conflict management

accepting responibility for one's self

making independent decisions

becoming financially independent

daily hassles

persistent, repetitive, low intensity, routine, chronic

Alarm

Resistance

Exhaustion

determines our response:

harmful/threatening

benign

irrelevant

social support

control

proper diet

adequate sleep

exercise

humor

cognition strategies (self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring)

relaxation training

the key elements to success are:

dreams

mentor

special spouse

adulthood includes:

achieving stage

responsibility stage

fluid vs crystalized intelligence

expertise

work is a gateway to solcialize men into family life

loss of working males increases risk of mental health & social problems

preparation & exploration

learning the roeps

coming to grips

settling in

exiting

adaptation via mature defenses

coping

connection to others via love, care, identification

maintenance of hope

normative crisis

rite of passage

transition

regression

separate from parents

identity formation

capacity for intimacy

stabilized character structure

commit to life goals

identity diffusion (self-doubt)

failure of autonomy

impulsivity

chronic illness

substance abuse

unconscious mechanisms used to block awareness of stressors

enables the person to function

protects the ego from anxiety

mature defense mechanisms & coping methods:

anticipation

humor

altruism

sublimation

suppression

defense against external forces by:

acting out

regression

passive-aggression

hypochondriasis

inward anger (masochism)

defense against inner instinctual forces by:

displacement

dissociation

isolation of affect

rationalization

intellectualization

deals with both internal & external aspects of problems:

altruism

humor

suppression

anticipation

sublimation

overwhelmed

self-defeated

challenged

lucky

freedom from daily activity

freedom from responsibility

obligation to want to get well

obligation to seek medical help

health is on horizon

assured that illness is temporary

changed life perspective

danger is everywhere

vulnerability

external & internal imprisonment

powerlessness

hopelessness

prominent dis-integration

no horizon beyond suffering

existential fatigue leading to despair

build coping strategies

realistically accept limitations

loss of dignity

new challenges

continued need to redefine self

loss of personal identity

new rules & technology

new authorities

increasingly fragmented world

becoming one's own man

upheaval

becoming more introspective

rapidly commit to major life tasks

struggle ages are 30 & 50

empty nest

more extraverted

time of greatest likelihood of a woman to have mental illness episode:

depression

psychosis (serious)

denial

anger

bargaining

depression

acceptance

medicare benefit

patients must have prognosis of 6 months or less

aims to maximize quality of life that is left

dignified, peaceful death with support & closure for patient & family

aims to relieve suffering & improve quality of life for patients with advanced illness

compassionate extabation

semantic (facts)

episodic (events)

conscious recollection of facts & events

flexible

medial temporal lobe, diencephalon, neocortex

skill/habit learning; conditioning

unconscious; inflexible

neocortex, neostriatum, cerebellum

specific synaptic events

increase in NT release

lasts seconds to minutes

new protein synthesis

physical growth of neural processes

increase in number of synaptic connections

neural plasticity in vertebrates

occurs at potentiated synapses in hippocampus

follows repeated/persistent postsynaptic depolarization

NMDA receptor

leads to changes in dendritic spines

deep nuclei of the cerebellum

higher level of operant conditioning

cannot remember past events

lack of consolidation in cortex, limbic, diencephalon

medial temporal lobe (hippocampus, entorhinal cortex)

midline diencephalon (mamillary nuclie, DMN of thalamus, anterior nucleus)

continuum of memory loss

decreased NTs & neuropeptides

modified NT metabolism

glucocorticoid toxicity

oxidative damage