Term
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Definition
A research design consisting of a baseline and a treatment phase followed by withdrawal of treatment (the second baseline) and a second implementation of the treatment.
Benefits: you see if the behavior changes 3 separate times and you're able to rule out extraneous variables |
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Term
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Definition
| A written document that specifies a particular target behavior for a client and the consequences that will be contingent on the occurrence of nonoccurence of the behavior in a stated period of time. |
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Definition
| A desirable target behavior that a person seeks to increase in frequency, duration, or intensity. |
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Definition
| An undesirable target behavior that a person seeks to decrease in frequency, duration, or intensity. |
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Term
| Behavioral Skills Training (BST) |
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Definition
| A prodecure consisting of instructions, modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and feedback that is used to teach new behaviors or skills. |
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Definition
| Procedures used to teach a person to engage in a chain of behaviors. Includes backward chaining, forward chaining, total task presentation, written task analysis, picture prompts, and self instructions. |
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Term
| Concurrent schedules of reinforcement |
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Definition
| Schedules of reinforcement that exist at the same time for two or more different behaviors (concurrent operants). Which particular behavior occurs at a particular time depends on the relative schedule of reinforcement, magnitude of reinforcement, delay of reinforcement, and response effort for the available behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| A previously neutral stimulus that has been paired a number of times with an established reinforcer and consequently functions as a reinforcer itself. |
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| Systematic Desensitization |
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Definition
| A procedure used to treat a fear or phobia. The person first learns relaxation. Next, the person develops a hierarchy of fear producing situations. Finally, the person uses the relazation procedure as he or she imagines each situation in the hierarchy starting with the least fear-producing situation and gradually working up to the most fear-producing situation. The goal is to replace the fear response with the relaxation response as each situation is imagined. |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure for treating a fear or phobia. The client first learns relaxation. Next, the client develops a fear hierarchy in which fear producing situations are ordered from least to most fear-producing. Finally, the cleint makes actual contact with the fear-producing situation at each step in the hierarchy in turn while maintaining each relaxation as a response that is incompatible with the fear response. |
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Term
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Definition
| The stimulus that is present when a particular behavior is reinforced |
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Definition
| A type of relaxation exercise in which one engages in slow,rhythmic breathing, using the diaphragm muscle to pull air deep into the lungs. |
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| Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA) |
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Definition
| A procedure for decreasing a problem behavior by reinforcing a functionally equivalent alternative behavior (a competing behavior) to replace the problem behavior. |
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| Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI) |
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Definition
| A type of DRA procedure in which a physically incompatible behavior is reinforced to replace the problem behavior. |
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Term
| Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding (DRL) |
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Definition
| A procedure in which a lower rate of a particular behavior is reinforced to decrease the rate of the behavior. Used when the goal is to decrease but not necessarily to eliminate a target behavior. |
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Term
| Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) |
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Definition
| A procedure in which the reinforcer is delivered after intervals of time in which the problem behavior does not occur. DRO involves reinforcing the absence of the problem behavior. |
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Definition
| The process by which, when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequences, the frequency of the behavior decreases in the future. |
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Term
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Definition
| The gradual removal of prompts as the behavior continues to occur in the presence of the discriminative stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A schedule of reinforcement in which the reinforcer is delivered for the first response that occurs after an interval of time has elapsed. The interval is the same each time. |
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Term
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Definition
| A schedule of reinforcement in which a specific number of responses must occr before the reinforcer is delivered. The number of responses needed for reinforcement does not change. |
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Term
| Intermittent Reinforcement |
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Definition
| A schedule of reinforcement in which not every instance of the behavior is followed by the delivery of the reinforcer. Includes fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable ration, and variable interval schedules. |
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Term
| Interobserver Reliability |
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Definition
| Occurs when two observers independently observe and record a person's behavior at the same time and agree on the occurrence of the behavior. |
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