Term
Jonathon and several members of his lab publish an article on the effects of extinction following varied schedules of reinforcement on the rate of goldfish hoop-swimming behavior. Which domain of behavior analysis does this represent?
Conceptual Analysis
EAB
ABA Research
ABA Practice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dennis’s client loves to drink coffee. The client has had programs to teach asking for coffee and waiting for coffee. Dennis makes sure to add, “makes coffee” to the list of targets. This highlights which dimension?
Applied
Analytic
Technological
Behavioral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dennis uses a task analysis and forward chaining to teach making coffee. He has steps, including time of day, prompts, and materials clearly listed and recorded.
Applied
Behavioral
Analytic
Technological |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Christine programs breaks throughout her session as non-contingent escape, not “to prevent sensory overload”
Effective
Conceptually systematic
Generality
Applied |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Christine examines how long her client is able to work independently. She systematically thins the schedule of breaks which increases independent work. She does not stop with a slight improvement but continues until the client meets the socially valid goal.
Effective
Conceptually systematic
Generality
Analytic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cori has many social and academic deficits, but no problems with motor skills. However, Cori’s family would like to include “pinching pierogi” as a goal to work on. During discussions with the family, the behavior analyst learns that making pierogi together is a frequent family activity which Cori isn’t currently able to participate in. The behavior analysts adds “pinching pierogi” to Cori’s program goals. Which dimension of ABA does this exemplify?
A. Applied
B. Behavioral
C. Analytic
D. Technological
E. Conceptually Systematic
F. Effective
G. Generality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sidney bites his hand 20 times per hour and 75% of his hands are visibly bruised. An intervention lowers the rate of biting by half, but visible bruises still cover 70% of Sidney’s hands. What dimension of ABA has not yet been met?
A. Applied
B. Behavioral
C. Analytic
D. Technological
E. Conceptually Systematic
F. Effective
G. Generality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hannah trains a child to request juice by reinforcing the phrase, “Juice, please.” The procedure is very effective. In order to evaluate whether her reinforcement procedure was the cause of the improvement, Hannah utilizes a multiple baseline design to evaluate the effect of the procedure on additional types of requests. Hannah is ensuring which dimension of ABA is met?
A. Applied
B. Behavioral
C. Analytic
D. Technological
E. Conceptually Systematic
F. Effective
G. Generality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Stacey’s psychoanalyst suggested she improve her “self-esteem” by repeating affirmations every morning. A behavior analyst, also asked to work on Stacey’s “self-esteem,” helps Stacey identify target behaviors, such as attending social events, engaging in hobbies she enjoys, and personal hygiene skills. The behavior analyst’s approach exemplifies which dimension of ABA?
A. Applied
B. Behavioral
C. Analytic
D. Technological
E. Conceptually Systematic
F. Effective
G. Generality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Both of Ryan’s parents have been trained on how to implement his behavior program. Ryan’s father is always present during his therapy sessions and his mother is only present during a few of them. Outside of sessions, Ryan follows his father’s directions every time, but rarely follows his mother’s directions. This is a problem with which dimension of ABA?
A. Applied
B. Behavioral
C. Analytic
D. Technological
E. Conceptually Systematic
F. Effective
G. Generality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Scott’s teachers are asked to provide praise when he is following directions. Scott’s behavior improves dramatically in Ms. White’s class but does not improve at all in Ms. Black’s class. The behavior analyst discovers that he had not specified how quickly Scott must comply. So, Ms. White praised any direction that Scott followed within 10 seconds of being asked. However, Ms. Black only praised if Scott followed the direction within 1 second. The behavior analyst’s mistake violated which dimension of ABA?
A. Applied
B. Behavioral
C. Analytic
D. Technological
E. Conceptually Systematic
F. Effective
G. Generality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
My cat used to push everything off my dresser in the middle of the night. My mom said this was because she was angry at me for not playing with her enough during the day. I said the behavior was maintained by the attention she received upon waking me up. My explanation exemplifies which dimension of ABA?
A. Applied
B. Behavioral
C. Analytic
D. Technological
E. Conceptually Systematic
F. Effective
G. Generality |
|
Definition
| E. Conceptually Systematic |
|
|
Term
Patricia, a behavior analyst, trains a child to request preferred foods. The procedure is very effective. The client and family are so happy with the progress, Patricia continues the intervention and does not worry about establishing experimental control. Patricia is engaged in:
A. EAB
B. ABA research
C. ABA Practice
D. Conceptual Analysis of Behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bob arranges several different schedules of reinforcement, available to rats in operant chambers (i.e., Skinner Boxes) in order to test some new ideas about the Matching Law. Bob is engaged in:
A. EAB
B. ABA
C. ABA Practice
D. Conceptual Analysis of Behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bob arranges several different schedules of reinforcement, available to psychology students using a made-up online shopping platform, in order to test some new ideas about the Matching Law. Bob is engaged in:
A. EAB
B. ABA
C. ABA Practice
D. Conceptual Analysis of Behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Jose believes that literature about concept of discriminative stimuli is incomplete. He believes that adopting the term “SdP” would benefit the discipline by allowing for more precise discussions about the functions of discriminative stimuli. Jose reviews the literature in this area, writes an article about his findings and his proposed changes, and submits it to The Behavior Analyst for publication. Jose is engaged in:
A. EAB
B. ABA research
C. ABA Practice
D. Conceptual Analysis of Behavior |
|
Definition
| D. Conceptual Analysis of Behavior |
|
|
Term
Bridget’s father is potty training her using one ABA procedure, but her mother is using a different ABA procedure. Data show that Bridget is using the potty correctly 100% of the time with her father but only 80% of the time with her mother. The behavior analyst recommends the mother try the more successful procedure, and she quickly achieves 100%, as well. This exemplifies which dimension of ABA?
A. Applied
B. Behavioral
C. Analytic
D. Technological
E. Conceptually Systematic
F. Effective
G. Generality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Alex teaches his dog to come to his side whenever he calls for him. The dog does this reliably, but only indoors. When they are outdoors, the dog ignores Alex’s calls. This is a problem with which dimension of ABA?
A. Applied
B. Behavioral
C. Analytic
D. Technological
E. Conceptually Systematic
F. Effective
G. Generality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Juan and colleagues publish a piece on evaluating the satiation following varied schedules of reinforcement on the rate of cockroach maze-completion behavior.
EAB
Conceptual Analysis
ABA Research
ABA Practice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When something goes wrong, Zion immediately gives objective feedback to his employees in a private setting as these were listed as are beneficial attributes of feedback in a journal article he read recently.
ABA in research
ABA in practice
Radical behaviorism
methodological behaviorism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Namia conducts research with colleagues comparing Skinner’s verbal operants to present day and conclude in a white paper in their proposal of an additional verbal operant.
ABA practice
Experimental analysis of behavior
ABA research
Conceptual analysis of behavior |
|
Definition
| Conceptual analysis of behavior |
|
|
Term
Jan is arranging different visual stimuli and assessing the effect on the rate of lever pressing in lab rats. She regularly notes changes in the rate by looking at the cumulative record produced by the lab equipment.
EAB
Conceptual Analysis
ABA Research
ABA Practice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Danny has been conducting tact training sessions with a young client, mostly discrete trials. As he and his client walk around the park, Danny begins to point to everyday objects and has his client practice tacting. Danny teaches this to the client's parents, who begin practice tact training at home. They later note that their child has started tacting more often, even at school and out in the community. This scenario is an example of which dimension of ABA?
A. Applied
B. Behavioral
C. Analytic
D. Technological
E. Conceptually systematic
F. Effective
G. Generality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Scott accepts a new client whose family has struggled to teach him to use the toilet independently. These struggles have caused the family much stress, which has prompted them to seek Scott's help. During the first sessions with the client, Scott exclusively focuses on assessing the source of the problem and developing a behavior plan to target teaching independent toileting. This scenario is an example of which dimension of ABA?
A. Applied
B. Behavioral
C. Analytic
D. Technological
E. Conceptually systematic
F. Effective
G. Generality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lance, a supervising behavior analyst at a clinic, is attempting to improve productivity amongst his employees.
He defines "being productive" as completing at least three
high-priority tasks by the end of the day. This scenario is an example of which dimension of ABA?
A. Applied
B. Behavioral
C. Analytic
D. Technological
E. Conceptually systematic
F. Effective
G. Generality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Following baseline, Christina introduces a token system with one of her clients. She notes that following the introduction of the token system, her client's problem behavior did not decrease but instead increased. After reviewing the data, Christina decides to remove the token system and conduct another assessment before introducing another intervention. This scenario is an example of which dimension of ABA?
A. Applied
B. Behavioral
C. Analytic
D. Technological
E. Conceptually systematic
F. Effective
G. Generality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dustin develops a flow chart that excludes complex behavioral language to aid a student's caregivers in following a behavior plan. Furthermore, he provides them with extensive training using instruction, modeling, rehearsal, feedback, and various opportunities to practice and master the skills outlined in the plan. This scenario is an example of which dimension of ABA?
A. Applied
B. Behavioral
C. Analytic
D. Technological
E. Conceptually systematic
F. Effective
G. Generality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Crystal is developing an online training module for new supervisors at her company. Although she frequently brings up tips by non-behavioral authors and leaders, she makes sure that she describes any suggestions using behavioral language such as "positive reinforcement," "motivating operations," and "prompt fading." This scenario is an example of which dimension of ABA?
A. Applied
B. Behavioral
C. Analytic
D. Technological
E. Conceptually systematic
F. Effective
G. Generality |
|
Definition
| E. Conceptually systematic |
|
|
Term
Terrell conducts a brief functional analysis during a home session with a client. While carefully supervising, he has his supervisee, and the client's parents engage in activities to evoke problem behavior under specific circumstances. Terrell uses the results of the brief functional analysis to develop the behavior plan.
A. EAB
B. ABA research
C. ABA Practice
D. Conceptual Analysis of Behavior |
|
Definition
C. ABA Practice
Note: ABA Practice, application of behavioral technology for the benefit of a client. |
|
|
Term
While visually inspecting the client's graphs, Pausha notes that the target behavior only increased when the intervention team introduced the treatment package and decreased once they removed it. Pausha concludes that there is strong evidence of a functional relationship between the IV and DV.
This is which dimension of ABA?
a. Applied
b. Behavior
c. Analytic
d. Technological
e. Conceptually Systematic
f. Effective
g. Generality |
|
Definition
c. Analytic
Note: Behavior changes as a direct result of intervention. |
|
|
Term
Dustin develops a flow chart that excludes complex technical language to help the caregivers in following a behavior plan. Furthermore, he provides them with extensive training using instruction, modeling, feedback, and various opportunities to practice and master the skills outlined in the plan.
This is which dimension of ABA?
a. Applied
b. Behavior
c. Analytic
d. Technological
e. Conceptually Systematic
f. Effective
g. Generality |
|
Definition
d. Technological
Note: Detailed for replication. Behavioral Skills Train Methodology |
|
|
Term
Following baseline, Christina introduces a token system with her client. She notes that following the introduction of the token system, her client's problem behavior did not decrease but instead increased. After reviewing the data, Christina decides to remove the token system and conduct another assessment before introducing another intervention.
This is which dimension of ABA?
a. Applied
b. Behavior
c. Analytic
d. Technological
e. Conceptually Systematic
f. Effective
g. Generality |
|
Definition
f. Effective
Note: Addressing and revising ineffective treatment. |
|
|
Term
Carla works with several colleagues to publish a paper discussing alternative ways that conditioned motivating operations may operate within a 4-term contingency.
A. EAB
B. ABA research
C. ABA Practice
D. Conceptual Analysis of Behavior
E. Behavioral Technology |
|
Definition
D. Conceptual Analysis of Behavior
Note: Conceptual Analysis, conceptual framework. |
|
|
Term
Herman is teaching a course on the origins and early days of behavior analysis. He discusses the differences between B.F. Skinner's radical behaviorism and methodological behaviorism.
This describes which?
a. Conceptual Analysis of Behavior
b. Experimental Analysis of Behavior
c. ABA research
d. ABA Practice |
|
Definition
a. Conceptual Analysis of Behavior
Note: Conceptual Analysis, philosophical foundations, and methodologies |
|
|
Term
Last year, Jeremy ran 1 mile per week to exercise. After an intervention to increase running, he now runs around 5 miles per week. Which dimension is best exemplified here?
Behavioral
Conceptually systematic
Applied
Effective |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mary is changing a lightbulb. She turns the light switch off, and the light turns off. She flicks the switch again and it turns on. Confident that the switch turned the light off, she switches it one more time. The light goes off and Mary replaces the bulb. Which dimension is best exemplified here?
Generality
Conceptually systematic
Applied
Analytic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Belief that events in the world don’t happen randomly falls under which branch of behavior analysis?
ABA research
EAB
Translational research
Conceptual analysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Zoe gathers information to determine with which staff member a client engages in higher rates of problem behavior. She gathers data on rate per hour for three consecutive days. She keeps the environment the same, and only changes the staff member. She identifies higher rates with one particular staff member. Arranging for different conditions is related to which dimension?
analytic
behavioral
applied
effective |
|
Definition
analytic
In this scenario arranging for different conditions would relate to the analytic dimension. Zoe is systematically manipulating the environment and comparing differences in responding under different manipulations. The applied dimension refers to targeting socially significant goals and the behavioral dimension refers to targeting actual behaviors that can be directly observed. Neither is related to arranging different environmental conditions. |
|
|
Term
Yao is measuring the latency to respond to a fire alarm in the workshop. He measures this behavior in baseline, then implements reinforcement delivery for each of three individuals, but starts the intervention at different times for each. This best describes which dimension?
analytic
behavioral
applied
effective |
|
Definition
analytic
This scenario best describes the analytic dimension. Yao is systematically manipulating the environment by comparing three individuals at different points in time. It is not technological because it lacks preciseness. Yao did not specify the time of the day at which each participant started—a behavior analyst wishing to replicate the assessment would not be aware of the specific times of day that Yao was using. |
|
|
Term
When Holly’s supervisee begins to arrive late again, Holly reviews OBM literature to identify an approach to feedback to change the behavior. She implements a strategy and sees timeliness increase to arriving on time each week. This best describes which dimension of ABA?
analytic
behavioral
applied
effective |
|
Definition
effective
This scenario describes the effective dimension because Holly is reviewing empirical literature in OBM to identify an effective approach to using feedback. She then monitors the data to assess whether the intervention was effective. |
|
|
Term
A consultant is working with a cleaning agency to improve adherence to cleaning protocols when entering environments where an illness recently passed through. Which dimension of ABA is best depicted in this scenario?
analytic
behavioral
applied
effective |
|
Definition
applied
In this scenario the consultant is dealing with an issue of social significance (e.g., reducing the spread of an illness) which best falls under the applied dimension. There is no mention of behavior change generalizing across behaviors, settings, or time so the generality dimension would not be relevant. There is no mention of observable behaviors apart from the mention of a cleaning protocol so the behavioral dimension would not be the best to depict this scenario. The analytic dimension relates to environmental manipulations which were not mentioned in this scenario. |
|
|
Term
Rory is a BCBA-D who is working with a group of adolescents at a residential facility. Rory has taught the group to perform various vocational skills such as cleaning, organizing kitchen items, and maintaining the outside. He then helps each adolescent find employment using these skills weekly. Which dimension of ABA is best depicted in this scenario?
generality
effective
applied
behavioral |
|
Definition
generality
In this scenario, Rory has taught the group of adolescents to perform several skills in different situations and is helping them find employment in real-world settings. Through this he is increasing the likelihood that the behavior will generalize to work settings and maintain in these settings—this describes the generality dimension. There is no mention of specific behavior protocols so the technological dimension would not apply. The conceptually systematic dimension relates to linking procedures to principles of behavior and would not be the best to describe this scenario because there is no mention of principles like reinforcement or generalization. The effective dimension would not be the best to describe this scenario because there is no mention of how Rory identified what procedures to use or whether he is regularly collecting data on the procedure. |
|
|
Term
A district behavior analyst is teaching school psychologists how to conduct functional behavior assessments. The analyst writes out the entire FBA process, including indirect assessments and functional analysis. The analyst reviews the process with all team members to ensure everyone is contacting the same information. Which dimension of ABA is best depicted in this scenario?
effective
technological
behavioral
applied |
|
Definition
technological
In this scenario the behavior analyst provided specific information on the functional behavior assessment (FBA) process to the school psychologists. This best describes the technological dimension. The behavior analyst made sure that the procedure was precise and ensured that each school psychologist was contacting the same information. The effective dimension would not be the best to describe this scenario because there is no mention of how the behavior analyst identified what procedures to use or whether they regularly collect data on the procedure. The generality dimension does not apply to this scenario as the skill being taught has not been attempted in a variety of settings, behaviors, or across time. There is no mention of observable behaviors apart from assessments, so the behavioral dimension would not be the best to depict this scenario. |
|
|
Term
The focus of Benny's intervention was on behavior that would result in him making friends, getting a date, and then eventually getting a lady friend. In other words, Jose selected target behavior that would hopefully get his outcomes met. This is an example of which dimension of ABA?
applied
behavioral
effective
generality |
|
Definition
applied
And the answer is applied. Now, if you said something else, you might have said effective, but we don't say we were effective and how we were effective, we just focused on what the focus is. We could have done that and not been effective. But it's that we selected target behavior that hopefully would get that. And if you said, "oh, it's behavioral", well, we did pick target behavior in itself, but we didn't talk about how they were observable and measurable and how we could measure them in real life. Okay, so that's why it supply them not one of the other two that might have pulled you. Because we have data showing that those are the two that people might tend to select as a mistake on this one. |
|
|
Term
The other therapist had asked Benny, "How did you do these past weeks?" and asked him, "Hey, did you meet anybody? Did you ask anybody out?" and that's about it. However, Jose selected target behavior that he defined and then recorded. Jose got actual data. He got data not just in the clinic, but also on the college campus in various settings, because Jose tape-recorded conversations and then had people take frequency counts and evaluate some other parameters of the target behavior.
applied
behavioral
effective
generality |
|
Definition
behavioral
And the answer is behavioral. We've selected behavior that we could observe and measure, and we did it in a real-life environment. And that's what makes us behavioral. |
|
|
Term
ose evaluated treatment effectiveness by collecting data on all the target behaviors concurrently, but only trained one skill at a time. Once that was mastered then he worked on the second skill. Jose saw that target behaviors only improved when he introduced the training and not before that. For example, conversational skills improved, but making appropriate self-disclosing statements did not.
However, when Jose introduced the intervention, then the next behavior went up, so that made Jose fairly certain that it was the intervention that was leading to the change, because he had controlled systematic manipulations. This is an example of which dimension of ABA?
analytic
behavioral
applied
conceptually systematic |
|
Definition
analytic
And the answer is analytic with the systematic manipulations to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. |
|
|
Term
When Jose selected the procedures to work with Benny, he included procedures that involved differential reinforcement and procedures that involved the errorless training based on the principles of stimulus discrimination, and he tied them to the principles of behavior, This is an example of which dimension of ABA?
analytic
behavioral
applied
conceptually systematic |
|
Definition
conceptually systematic
And this time it’s conceptually systematic. We tied the procedures back to the basic principles of behavior. |
|
|
Term
Zoe gathers information to determine with which staff member a client engages in higher rates of problem behavior. She gathers data on rate per hour for three consecutive days. She keeps the environment the same, and only changes the staff member. She identifies higher rates with one particular staff member. Arranging for different conditions is related to which dimension?
analytic
behavioral
applied
effective |
|
Definition
analytic
In this scenario arranging for different conditions would relate to the analytic dimension. Zoe is systematically manipulating the environment and comparing differences in responding under different manipulations. The applied dimension refers to targeting socially significant goals and the behavioral dimension refers to targeting actual behaviors that can be directly observed. Neither is related to arranging different environmental conditions. |
|
|
Term
Yao is measuring the latency to respond to a fire alarm in the workshop. He measures this behavior in baseline, then implements reinforcement delivery for each of three individuals, but starts the intervention at different times for each. This best describes which dimension?
analytic
behavioral
applied
effective |
|
Definition
analytic
This scenario best describes the analytic dimension. Yao is systematically manipulating the environment by comparing three individuals at different points in time. It is not technological because it lacks preciseness. Yao did not specify the time of the day at which each participant started—a behavior analyst wishing to replicate the assessment would not be aware of the specific times of day that Yao was using. |
|
|
Term
Holly notes that her supervisee’s problem behavior—arriving late to morning meetings—has been improving lately. She takes baseline data to see if the trend will continue without intervention. This best describes which dimension of ABA?
analytic
behavioral
applied
conceptually systematic |
|
Definition
conceptually systematic
This scenario describes the conceptually systematic dimension because Holly is applying the principle of behavioral momentum to determine whether her supervisee's problem behavior will continue to improve. She also describes arriving late to morning meetings as problem behavior. |
|
|
Term
When Holly’s supervisee begins to arrive late again, Holly reviews OBM literature to identify an approach to feedback to change the behavior. She implements a strategy and sees timeliness increase to arriving on time each week. This best describes which dimension of ABA?
analytic
behavioral
applied
effective |
|
Definition
effective
This scenario describes the effective dimension because Holly is reviewing empirical literature in OBM to identify an effective approach to using feedback. She then monitors the data to assess whether the intervention was effective. |
|
|
Term
A consultant is working with a cleaning agency to improve adherence to cleaning protocols when entering environments where an illness recently passed through. Which dimension of ABA is best depicted in this scenario?
analytic
behavioral
applied
effective |
|
Definition
applied
In this scenario the consultant is dealing with an issue of social significance (e.g., reducing the spread of an illness) which best falls under the applied dimension. There is no mention of behavior change generalizing across behaviors, settings, or time so the generality dimension would not be relevant. There is no mention of observable behaviors apart from the mention of a cleaning protocol so the behavioral dimension would not be the best to depict this scenario. The analytic dimension relates to environmental manipulations which were not mentioned in this scenario. |
|
|
Term
Rory is a BCBA-D who is working with a group of adolescents at a residential facility. Rory has taught the group to perform various vocational skills such as cleaning, organizing kitchen items, and maintaining the outside. He then helps each adolescent find employment using these skills weekly. Which dimension of ABA is best depicted in this scenario?
generality
effective
applied
behavioral |
|
Definition
generality
In this scenario, Rory has taught the group of adolescents to perform several skills in different situations and is helping them find employment in real-world settings. Through this he is increasing the likelihood that the behavior will generalize to work settings and maintain in these settings—this describes the generality dimension. There is no mention of specific behavior protocols so the technological dimension would not apply. The conceptually systematic dimension relates to linking procedures to principles of behavior and would not be the best to describe this scenario because there is no mention of principles like reinforcement or generalization. The effective dimension would not be the best to describe this scenario because there is no mention of how Rory identified what procedures to use or whether he is regularly collecting data on the procedure. |
|
|
Term
A district behavior analyst is teaching school psychologists how to conduct functional behavior assessments. The analyst writes out the entire FBA process, including indirect assessments and functional analysis. The analyst reviews the process with all team members to ensure everyone is contacting the same information. Which dimension of ABA is best depicted in this scenario?
effective
technological
behavioral
applied |
|
Definition
technological
In this scenario the behavior analyst provided specific information on the functional behavior assessment (FBA) process to the school psychologists. This best describes the technological dimension. The behavior analyst made sure that the procedure was precise and ensured that each school psychologist was contacting the same information. The effective dimension would not be the best to describe this scenario because there is no mention of how the behavior analyst identified what procedures to use or whether they regularly collect data on the procedure. The generality dimension does not apply to this scenario as the skill being taught has not been attempted in a variety of settings, behaviors, or across time. There is no mention of observable behaviors apart from assessments, so the behavioral dimension would not be the best to depict this scenario. |
|
|
Term
The focus of Benny's intervention was on behavior that would result in him making friends, getting a date, and then eventually getting a lady friend. In other words, Jose selected target behavior that would hopefully get his outcomes met. This is an example of which dimension of ABA?
applied
behavioral
effective
generality |
|
Definition
applied
And the answer is applied. Now, if you said something else, you might have said effective, but we don't say we were effective and how we were effective, we just focused on what the focus is. We could have done that and not been effective. But it's that we selected target behavior that hopefully would get that. And if you said, "oh, it's behavioral", well, we did pick target behavior in itself, but we didn't talk about how they were observable and measurable and how we could measure them in real life. Okay, so that's why it supply them not one of the other two that might have pulled you. Because we have data showing that those are the two that people might tend to select as a mistake on this one. |
|
|
Term
The other therapist had asked Benny, "How did you do these past weeks?" and asked him, "Hey, did you meet anybody? Did you ask anybody out?" and that's about it. However, Jose selected target behavior that he defined and then recorded. Jose got actual data. He got data not just in the clinic, but also on the college campus in various settings, because Jose tape-recorded conversations and then had people take frequency counts and evaluate some other parameters of the target behavior.
applied
behavioral
effective
generality |
|
Definition
behavioral
And the answer is behavioral. We've selected behavior that we could observe and measure, and we did it in a real-life environment. And that's what makes us behavioral. |
|
|
Term
When Jose selected the procedures to work with Benny, he included procedures that involved differential reinforcement and procedures that involved the errorless training based on the principles of stimulus discrimination, and he tied them to the principles of behavior, This is an example of which dimension of ABA?
analytic
behavioral
applied
conceptually systematic |
|
Definition
conceptually systematic
And this time it’s conceptually systematic. We tied the procedures back to the basic principles of behavior. |
|
|
Term
Jose collected data on Benny's target behavior and graphed that data. In fact, Jose graphed that data every single day and after about three days if he saw that Benny wasn’t making progress either said, "Okay let's give it one more day" or he changed the intervention. But if Jose gave it one more day and Benny hadn't made progress, Jose changed the intervention. Jose also determined if Benny met certain criteria and used that data to decide when to start training on the next skill.
And Jose made sure that the change was significant enough that Benny was able to achieve his outcomes. This is an example of which dimension of ABA?
applied
effective
behavioral
generality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Proposing a novel classification scheme for behavioral functions.
conceptual analysis
EAB
ABA research
ABA practice |
|
Definition
conceptual analysis
Proposing a classification scheme for behavioral functions would be considered an activity that is part of the conceptual analysis of behavior. This information, once proposed, may then be tested through EAB and ABA research. |
|
|
Term
Proposing the term SΔP be added to our lexicon.
conceptual analysis
EAB
ABA research
ABA practice |
|
Definition
conceptual analysis
Proposing new terminology is considered part of the conceptual analysis of behavior. Once a new term is proposed, there can be EAB and ABA research related to the term, and if it proves useful, the new term can be applied in ABA practice. |
|
|
Term
Gabriela is evaluating the efficacy of two parent training methods. She collects baseline data with three of her clients’ parents, then implements a different teaching strategy with each family and collects data on which teaching method is the most efficient for maintenance of goals mastered during ABA sessions. This is an example of
EAB
ABA practice
ABA research
conceptual analysis |
|
Definition
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Term
The BCBA targets urination in the toilet for a client. She develops a step-by-step protocol, trains the RBT and parents, and implements a positive reinforcement strategy using an item identified in a reinforcer assessment. The BCBA collects data, monitors efficacy, and makes needed adjustments until the client reaches mastery (i.e., urinates only in the toilet and not in their pants). This is an example of:
conceptual analysis
EAB
ABA research
ABA practice |
|
Definition
ABA practice
The BCBA in this scenario is targeting urination in the toilet, developing a protocol and training for the RBTs, and collecting data to monitor efficacy which is an example of applied behavior-analytic practice. Remember that applied behavior-analytic practice is focused primarily on implementing procedures informed by the concepts and principles of behavior analysis to change behaviors of social significance in individuals. This is often referred to as ABA practice, ABA service delivery, or professional practice guided by the science of behavior analysis. Since the BCBA was implementing a behavior-analytic procedure for the purpose of changing a behavior of social significance, this is an example of applied behavior-analytic practice. The experimental analysis of behavior is focused on discovering the basic principles and processes of behavior, typically in a controlled environment like a laboratory. If the scenario had presented a researcher in a laboratory setting attempting to identify a new concept or replicate an existing concept, then this would more closely resemble an example of experimental analysis of behavior. Applied behavior-analytic research focuses on discovering the effects of behavior analytic procedures in less controlled environments. Typically, applied behavior-analytic research is implemented in the environment where behavior is occurring and focuses on developing new procedures, validating them with experimental replications, and implementing these procedures in practice. If the scenario had presented a researcher in an applied setting (not in a laboratory) whose goal was to identify the effectiveness of a procedure on changing a behavior of social significance, then this would more closely resemble applied behavior-analytic research. The conceptual analysis of behavior is focused on the philosophical foundations of the science of behavior and behavior analysis. This dimension pertains to the development of the concepts and principles that connect all other dimensions of behavior analysis; it can be seen as the glue or framework holding all the dimensions of behavior analysis together. If the scenario had depicted a researcher or practitioner discussing a concept or principle related to behavior analysis, then this would more closely resemble an example of conceptual behavior analysis. |
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Term
Willie conducts PS and MSWO preference assessments with three children then implements reinforcer assessments to identify whether the PS or the MSWO is a better predictor of reinforcing value.
conceptual analysis
EAB
ABA research
ABA practice |
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Definition
ABA research
The behavior analyst here is working with human subject participants to identify reinforcers that are more likely to be “useful” for supporting new skills, making this an applied study. |
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Term
Richard publishes a paper explaining his mathematical model for predicting rates of behavior on concurrent schedules of reinforcement.
conceptual analysis
EAB
ABA research
ABA practice |
|
Definition
conceptual analysis
When behavior analysts identify and describe basic behavioral principles, they are doing the conceptual analysis of behavior. These concepts and principles may be based on findings from experimental research and may lead to further experimental and/or applied studies. |
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Term
Yanerys compares the effects of corrective feedback provided as a consequence versus as an antecedent to the next instance of a pinpointed employee behavior with four staff members.
conceptual analysis
EAB
ABA research
ABA practice |
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Definition
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Term
Eb teaches his students that vocal statements that others may call a “rule” often serve to alter the function of other stimuli and therefore can be best labeled as “continency-specifying stimuli.”
conceptual analysis
EAB
ABA research
ABA practice |
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Definition
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Term
Klaus is a teacher and wants to tackle disruptions in his classroom. He chooses to have students take a 5-minute walk and think about how disruptions effect others because he believes that learning comes from reflection. This statement is an example of which type of assumption:
A.Ontological
B.Epistemological |
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Definition
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Term
Brenda wants to learn how to heal human ailments and determines chooses to become a medical doctor because she believes these ailments come from physical sources. This statement is an example of which type of assumption:
A.Ontological
B.Epistemological |
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Definition
|
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Term
Jordan tells her parent’s that nothing around them is real, and that reality cannot be accessed directly
A. Idealism
B. Materialism
C. Rationalism
D. Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
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Term
Eric’s mom says that the only way he’ll learn is if he sits and thinks about the attitude he is expressing
A. Idealism
B. Materialism
C. Rationalism
D. Empiricism |
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Definition
|
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Term
Brendan tells his grandchild that all there is what we can physically sense, that is what is most important.
A. Idealism
B. Materialism
C. Rationalism
D. Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
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Term
Margaret states that her staff’s great performance comes from feedback and prompts rather than any internal traits
A. Idealism
B. Materialism
C. Rationalism
D. Empiricism |
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Definition
|
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Term
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding radical behaviorism?
A.Radical behaviorism is materialistic B.Radical behavior is idealistic C.Radical behavior is both materialistic
and idealistic |
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Definition
| A.Radical behaviorism is materialistic |
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Term
Which of the following is an example of idealistic monism?
A. Carla believes that the body is only a conduit through which our minds experience the world
B. John corrects his friend when they say “great minds think alike” because the mind is an irrelevant concept
C. Louise believes we are all part of a larger entity, and our mind and body are just extensions of this
D. George says he experiences out-of-body events that are separate from his physical experiences |
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Definition
| A. Carla believes that the body is only a conduit through which our minds experience the world |
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Term
Graham publishes papers on the conceptual analysis of behavior. His work reflects a world view that behavior is caused solely by physical events. Which type of monism is this an example of?
A. Idealistic monism
B. Materialistic monism
C. Neutral monism
D. Dualism |
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Definition
|
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Term
Freida sees the mental and the physical as both relevant, but ultimately just a piece of a larger reality that the mind and body are expressions of. Which type of monism is this an example of?
A. Idealistic monism
B. Materialistic monism
C. Neutral monism
D. Dualism |
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Definition
|
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Term
Which of the following is an example of dualism?
A. Carla believes that the body is only a conduit through which our minds experience the world
B. John corrects his friend when they say “great minds think alike” because the mind is an irrelevant concept
C. Louise believes we are all part of a larger entity, and our mind and body are just extensions of this
D. George says he experiences out-of-body events that are separate from his physical experiences |
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Definition
| D. George says he experiences out-of-body events that are separate from his physical experiences |
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Term
What is the behaviorist’s position on the relation between mind and body?
A. Idealistic monism
B. Materialistic monism
C. Neutral monism
D. Dualism |
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Definition
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Term
Knowledge is the result of experience of a physical world.
A. Plato
B. Aristotle |
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Definition
|
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Term
Knowledge is the result of rational reflection rather than contact with the environment.
A. Plato
B. Aristotle |
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Definition
|
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Term
States that we start as blank slates and ideas come from experience or reflection
A. Plato
B. Aristotle
C. Descartes
D. Bacon
E. Locke
F. Hume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Developed laws of association regarding ideas
A. Plato
B. Aristotle
C. Descartes
D. Bacon
E. Locke
F. Hume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
States that the physical world is just a manifestation of an abstract ideal form
A. Plato
B. Aristotle
C. Descartes
D. Bacon
E. Locke
F. Hume |
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Definition
|
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Term
Brought a mathematician’s logic to his philosophical perspectives
A. Plato
B. Aristotle
C. Descartes
D. Bacon
E. Locke
F. Hume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Focused on observations and the inductive method
A. Plato
B. Aristotle
C. Descartes
D. Bacon
E. Locke
F. Hume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most ideas about empiricism can be traced back to him
A. Plato
B. Aristotle
C. Descartes
D. Bacon
E. Locke
F. Hume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an example of neutral monism?
A. Carla believes that the body is only a conduit through which our minds experience the world
B. John corrects his friend when they say “great minds think alike” because the mind is an irrelevant concept
C. Louise believes we are all part of a larger entity, and our mind and body are just extensions of this
D. George says he experiences out-of-body events that are separate from his physical experiences |
|
Definition
| C. Louise believes we are all part of a larger entity, and our mind and body are just extensions of this |
|
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Term
“We are our conscious minds” is what type of assumption?
Ontological
Epistemological |
|
Definition
Ontological
What is existence made of?
Existence can't both be made of ideas and matter, it must be one or the other. Thus making them mutually exclusive. |
|
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Term
Which is an epistemological assumption?
The world is a dream
We discover what is true through rational thought |
|
Definition
| We discover what is true through rational thought |
|
|
Term
Thomas proposes that we can know about consciousness by thinking about what it is like to be a bat
Rationalism
Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which statement demonstrates reliance on empiricism?
“Arranging contingent access to preferred activities is likely to increase responding”
“We can call something a reinforcer only after we see an increase in responding”
“Results of the published study were favorable, so the procedure should work with our clients as well” |
|
Definition
| “We can call something a reinforcer only after we see an increase in responding” |
|
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Term
Which is an example of idealism?
“There is only one physical type of stuff in the universe”
“We operate on representations of a pure form” |
|
Definition
| “We operate on representations of a pure form” |
|
|
Term
Which statement is most in line with a radical behaviorist’s ontological assumptions?
Poor performing employees often lack initiative
Employee performance tends to follow trends of supervisor observation and feedback
The company mantra permeates each individual worker, increasing their commitment to high performance
Poor performance is often a result of improperly mixed personality types |
|
Definition
| Employee performance tends to follow trends of supervisor observation and feedback |
|
|
Term
“All that we see or seem
Is but a dream within a dream”
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
There exists something else, which makes up both our physical world and our mental world
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an example of dualism?
Jake says, “it’s all an illusion”
Lenaya says, “your aura is a physical manifestation of your spiritual wellbeing”
Quinten says, “All we have is the physical here and now.”
Macy says, “Stardust is actually neither mental nor physical, but makes both possible.” |
|
Definition
| Lenaya says, “your aura is a physical manifestation of your spiritual wellbeing” |
|
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Term
Which is an example of behaviorism as mechanistic?
When delivered a reinforcer, the exact behavior will repeat until the reinforcer is discontinued
The athlete’s record setting performance is purely God-given talent
The pianist’s performance was the result of numerous hours of deliberate practice
The student hit others because boys are naturally more aggressive |
|
Definition
| The pianist’s performance was the result of numerous hours of deliberate practice |
|
|
Term
Brendan tells his grandchild that all there is what we can physically sense, that is what is most important
A. Idealism
B. Materialism
C. Rationalism
D. Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Jordan tells her parent’s that nothing around them is real, and that reality cannot be accessed directly.
A. Idealism
B. Materialism
C. Rationalism
D. Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Margaret states that her staff’s great performance comes from feedback and prompts rather than any internal traits
A. Idealism
B. Materialism
C. Rationalism
D. Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Eric’s mom says that the only way he’ll learn is if he sits and thinks about the attitude he is expressing
A. Idealism
B. Materialism
C. Rationalism
D. Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Developed laws of association regarding ideas (such as law of resemblance)
A. Bacon
B. Locke
C. Hume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Focused on observations and the inductive method
A. Bacon
B. Locke
C. Hume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
States that we start as blank slates and ideas come from experience or reflection
A. Bacon
B. Locke
C. Hume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When asked how old he is, Kunu says he doesn’t believe in age or numbers. If he feels 16 one day, he’ll tell people he is 16. If he feels 40 one day, he’ll tell people he is 40. Kunu’s statement takes the view of a(n):
a. Idealist
b. Rationalist
c. Materialist
d. Empiricist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dayna gets stuck in her head, always convincing herself that she doesn’t get anything done because she is lazy and feeling down most of the day. Mike pops in and reminds her that she is not depressed or lazy, she just needs to start by making lists and work in small steps to complete each item on the list.
Mike’s statement takes the view of a(n):
a. Idealist
b. Rationalist
c. Materialist
d. Empiricist |
|
Definition
c. Materialist
"she just needs to start by making lists and work in small steps to complete each item on the list"
Note: An appeal to environmental arrangements and material solutions rather than mental states or traits. |
|
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Term
Working through a problem by thinking about the steps that might be useful in solving that problem is:
Rationalism
Materialism
Empiricism
Idealism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hume’s Law of Resemblance is exemplified by:
Thinking of a dog leads me to thinking about previous dogs I owned
Thinking of my vacation leads me to thinking about the scary flight to get there
Thinking about my weight leads me to thinking about the overeating I did in the past few weeks |
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Definition
| Thinking of a dog leads me to thinking about previous dogs I owned |
|
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Term
While jogging, Amber thought about the best way to address a conflict at work and chose a course of action based on that thought process. This scenario is characteristic of which of the following:
Idealism
Materialism
Rationalism
Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Angelica wanted to learn how Emma’s behavior analyst responded to Emma’s aggression towards others. Angelica observed the behavior analyst and then interacted with Emma the same way. This scenario is characteristic of ____.
Idealism
Materialism
Rationalism
Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
While reading an ASR, Felipe re-read the scenario a few times and deduced that it was an example of one of the key words from the unit videos. This scenario is an example of ____.
Idealism
Materialism
Rationalism
Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which scenario depicts the ontological assumption of radical behaviorism?
Jay studies hard for an exam to get a good grade.
Collin’s anxiety comes from his timid personality.
Mikey flinches when he sees dogs after being bitten by one as a child.
Johanna works long hours because she has immense patience and discipline. |
|
Definition
| Mikey flinches when he sees dogs after being bitten by one as a child. |
|
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Term
Albert tells his student, “stop saying the word ‘mind’. Start saying ’brain’ instead because we know where that actually resides. This is an example of which of the following?
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Andrea says that when she exercises, her mind and body “work as one” to accomplish the same goal. This is an example of which of the following?
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
After hurting his leg, Derek tries to ignore the pain believing it to be all in his mind. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealism
Materialism
Rationalism
Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Maryanne says that the mind and body are secondary and the gateway to her soul is through her “third eye.” This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
As Keanu held the spoon, he believed it only existed if he perceived it as real. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealism
Materialism
Rationalism
Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Owen tests to see what happens when he provides attention to his client's tantrum and what occurs when he ignores him. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealism
Materialism
Rationalism
Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Matthew stated that the mind and body were less critical than a more powerful entity, the spirit. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Kumail tells his younger brother to stop imagining what-if scenarios and focus on the real world. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealism
Materialism
Rationalism
Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Jessica tried to remain calm, reassuring herself that she could solve the dilemma at work if she thought carefully about solving it reasonably. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealism
Materialism
Rationalism
Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cornelius lectured his students and stated that their behavioral repertoire is a product of the events and stimuli they encountered throughout their lives. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealism
Materialism
Rationalism
Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Merle does not believe that the mind and body are more important than the will to accomplish anything. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
While his client's mother focuses on her child's mental state, Cesar looks for clues in the physical environment to explain the recent increase in problem behavior. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Grant redirected the teacher's opinions about the student’s mental attributes. Instead, he focused on the student's physical environment when they strategized about a potential intervention for his aggression. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Troy believes he'll be able to accomplish his weightlifting goals if he keeps his mind focused on his end goals and his body's form perfect as he lifts. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Before implementing an intervention, Sophia visualizes the potential outcomes and how her team can solve any hurdles. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealism
Materialism
Rationalism
Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Elias observed how his client interacted with his peers and carefully noted what events evoked the target behavior and how they responded to him. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealism
Materialism
Rationalism
Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Nora understood that she could accomplish anything as long as her mind and body worked. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sean says, "The key to a happy life is always considering the positives. This thought is more important than worrying about the rest of the world.” This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies idealism?
Sally believes that everything in the world can be explained through scientific evidence and experimentation.
John thinks that reality is made up of physical matter and that everything can be explained through physical laws.
Sarah believes that the world is made up of ideas and that the physical world just manifests those ideas.
Tom thinks that knowledge can only be gained through experience and the senses. |
|
Definition
| Sarah believes that the world is made up of ideas and that the physical world just manifests those ideas. |
|
|
Term
Genevieve believed that nothing around the office got done unless she focused her thoughts on each of her goals. This scenario is an example of:
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Nora understood that she could accomplish anything as long as her mind and body worked. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sean says, "The key to a happy life is always considering the positives. This thought is more important than worrying about the rest of the world.” This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies idealism?
Sally believes that everything in the world can be explained through scientific evidence and experimentation.
John thinks that reality is made up of physical matter and that everything can be explained through physical laws.
Sarah believes that the world is made up of ideas and that the physical world just manifests those ideas.
Tom thinks that knowledge can only be gained through experience and the senses. |
|
Definition
| Sarah believes that the world is made up of ideas and that the physical world just manifests those ideas. |
|
|
Term
Genevieve believed that nothing around the office got done unless she focused her thoughts on each of her goals. This scenario is an example of:
Idealistic monism
Materialistic monism
Neutral monism
Dualism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an example of an ontological assumption of a radical behaviorist?
Jennifer attributes her student's frequent outburts to him having received attention for them in the past
Tony believes that his employees are lazy because they are all millennials and Gen Zers
Mark states that his son never fell for his practical jokes because he inherited his mother's cleverness
Sarah tries to ignore noises her car makes and tells herself it's all in her mind |
|
Definition
Jennifer attributes her student's frequent outburts to him having received attention for them in the past
Correct
The radical behaviorist attributes behavior to events occurring within the environment. In Jennifer’s example, we see that her explanation for behavior relies on a history of observable and measurable events. Tony and Mark’s examples are both examples of mentalisms that explain traits rather than environmental events leading to behavior. In Sarah’s case, we see a clear example of idealism, as this specific example focuses on events presumably occurring “in the mind” rather than what might be occurring in the environment. |
|
|
Term
Erma cares very little about what others feel about how she plays her flute. She says, “All that matters is how I hear it in my mind.” This statement is an example of which of the following?
dualism
idealistic monism
materialistic monism
neutral monism |
|
Definition
idealistic monism
Erma specifically references her mind as the source of her experience in this scenario, suggesting that idealistic monism is the correct answer here. She does not reference her body and mind acting independently of one another, which allows us to rule out dualism in this scenario. Additionally, she does not focus solely on her body, which allows us to determine that materialistic monism is not correct. |
|
|
Term
While her friend suggests she try to keep her mind off the pain from an injury, Nora says, “There’s no such thing as a mind! The physical pain is there no matter what I do!” Nora’s statement is an example of which of the following?
dualism
idealistic monism
materialistic monism
neutral monism |
|
Definition
materialistic monism
In Nora’s example, she refutes the existence of the mind while focusing on what is occurring in real time, stating that the pain is what is real. This is an example of materialistic monism as it focuses solely on the body. Going further, we can determine that dualism is not a factor here, as Nora states that the mind isn’t important and only the pain matters in this circumstance. |
|
|
Term
The wise master tells his student, “Focus not on your mind or body. For the ‘real you’ is something larger than either of those!” This statement is an example of which of the following?
dualism
idealistic monism
materialistic monism
neutral monism |
|
Definition
neutral monism
In this example, there is no measure of importance placed on the mind or the body; rather, the master cites the existence of a larger reality, which aligns more closely with neutral monism. Since the master downplays the roles of both the mind and the body, we can rule out idealistic monism and materialistic monism. |
|
|
Term
As Julia prepared to run her first marathon, she thought, “Okay, I’ve got this. I’ve trained my body to endure over 26 miles of running and I’ve got my mind on the finish line. I can do this!” This statement is an example of which of the following?
dualism
idealistic monism
materialistic monism
neutral monism |
|
Definition
dualism
In this example, Julia has noted that both her mind and body are trained well and interacting with one another—a key feature of dualism. Since she accounts for both the mind and the body in this circumstance, we can rule out both idealistic monism (focus only on the mind) and materialistic monism (focus only on the body). |
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of predestination?
A. Frank is not worried whether he will pass his classes or not as it is ultimately in the hands of his chosen deity
B. Gen sets study reminders and spends time each day with flashcards and says it is because it has helped her past classes before
C. Lars gets a poor grade on an assignment and says the teacher just gives grades randomly, so he doesn’t bother putting much time in
D. Sarah says she was born innately intelligent and thus always gets good marks in the courses she takes |
|
Definition
| A. Frank is not worried whether he will pass his classes or not as it is ultimately in the hands of his chosen deity |
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of indeterminism?
A. George’s student throws rocks and, while he’s unsure of why this occurs now, he’s sure if he watches and collects data that there is a pattern
B. Helen has not mastered counting, so her mother provides lots of praise and tickles when she counts a set correctly as this typically results in Helen’s skills improving
C. Jasmine doesn’t collect the data the behavior analyst requests because her daughter’s tantrums are random
D. Frances is afraid of snakes and will run from a setting even if he sees a picture of one. His mom says this is because he was bitten by a snake as a toddler |
|
Definition
| C. Jasmine doesn’t collect the data the behavior analyst requests because her daughter’s tantrums are random |
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of determinism?
A. Terry suddenly and without reason threw a wad of paper at his classmate.
B. Lisa randomly snapped at her younger sister.
C. Conrad just decided to start jumping and
down.
D. Lela took the second of two paths since it previously resulted in a beautiful view. |
|
Definition
| D. Lela took the second of two paths since it previously resulted in a beautiful view. |
|
|
Term
Heather’s short lifeline on her palm was proof that she was always meant to get frequently sick. This scenario is an example of which assumption?
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Erma adopted the orange tabby at the shelter since it looked a lot like the cat she grew up with. This scenario is an example of which assumption?
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
It was God’s will that Nick not only survived the car accident but also that he was not injured. This scenario is an example of which assumption?
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Harold picked six numbers at random with nothing influencing his decision. This scenario is an example of which assumption?
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: If behavior is determined and a person does something, they cannot be held responsible for it?
A. There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement
B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood
C. This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument
D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: Individuals are unique, and the behavior each engages in is unique to that individual?
A. There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement
B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood
C. This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument
D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| A. There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement |
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: Cannot determine cause of behavior because it is determined by something in the future?
A. There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement
B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood
C. This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument
D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| C. This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument |
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: People are too variable and unpredictable?
A. There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement
B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood
C. This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument
D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood |
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of causal determinism?
A. Bryan states that, given several measures, he can perfectly predict the path of a satellite orbiting earth
B. Jill says that behavior can be predicted generally and
over time, but not precisely to every instance
C. Karen proposes in a paper that while drug A should
have a certain effect, that this effect may vary from person to person in ways that cannot be fully predicted |
|
Definition
| A. Bryan states that, given several measures, he can perfectly predict the path of a satellite orbiting earth |
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of probabilistic determinism?
A. Hank believes that, if enough data are collected, that behavior could be perfectly predicted
B. Karen proposes in a paper that while drug A should have a certain effect, that this effect may vary from person to person in ways that cannot be fully predicted as their will may affect their behaviors
C. Jill says that behavior can be predicted generally and over time, but not precisely to every instance |
|
Definition
| C. Jill says that behavior can be predicted generally and over time, but not precisely to every instance |
|
|
Term
Which of the following perspectives was held by Wundt regarding voluntarism?
A. Originally believed that all behavior was involuntary and was similar in both humans and animals
B. Will is the force behind voluntary action and guides processes like decision-making, choice, and attention
C. Behavior is not voluntary at all and is initiated by the brain preparing for voluntary action fractions of a second prior
D. Smooth muscles are related to involuntary behavior and striped muscles are related to voluntary behavior |
|
Definition
| B. Will is the force behind voluntary action and guides processes like decision-making, choice, and attention |
|
|
Term
A client is learning ASL to communicate. Their motions are not accurate to ASL; however, their modified use allows the client to request and access their needs. The success in acquiring requests is more important than their perfection of ASL. This is an example of pragmatism.
A. True B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Even though it is impossible to see every single tree fall, we can safely say that all trees falling will make a noise. This scenario is an example of scientific realism.
A. True B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of fatalism?
Nikolai felt that his difficulty at work was God testing him
Nelly realized she was often late because all her clocks were behind
Mindy thought her dog would act out randomly, chewing the furniture without reason
Rogers always felt he should be a writer; it was simply meant to be |
|
Definition
| Rogers always felt he should be a writer; it was simply meant to be |
|
|
Term
Sabrina was born lucky, and things always seemed to go her way. This best aligns with which assumption?
Predestination
Determinism
Fatalism
Indeterminism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A teacher told Fred, “Rewards might work for rats and dogs, but people are too complicated” What would be a good counter to his point?
Even though it is unique, common principles underlie the uniqueness
Perhaps especially because human behavior is complex, it will be important to measure and track changes
It might remove blame, but it does not remove the rationale for applying consequences |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is an example of causal determinism?
After an FA, Ridley says it is certain that if they remove attention, behavior will reduce
Gregory claims that given the known and unknown variables, it is likely behavior will increase if they arrange increased access to preferred items |
|
Definition
| After an FA, Ridley says it is certain that if they remove attention, behavior will reduce |
|
|
Term
From looking at the data we can determine the likely ratio of yelling to appropriate requests, but not with exact certainty. This is an example of which assumption?
Causal determinism
Probabilistic determinism
Compatibilism
Deism |
|
Definition
| Probabilistic determinism |
|
|
Term
Montel agrees that most events have clear causes, but still holds that occasionally a person rises above their circumstances and wills themselves to change. This is which assumption?
Causal determinism
Probabilistic determinism
Compatibilism
Deism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Who proposed that the will is what drove attention and decision-making?
Descartes
Wundt
Libet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Who proposed that conscious thought occurred first, then voluntary action occurred (but the studies showed otherwise)?
Descartes
Wundt
Libet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Who thought all organisms engage in some involuntary behavior, but only humans have voluntary behavior?
Descartes
Wundt
Libet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which would be Pavlov’s position?
Psychology should study the will
Smooth muscles = involuntary
Brain engages before voluntary behavior occurs |
|
Definition
| Smooth muscles = involuntary |
|
|
Term
Which best aligns with scientific realism?
Noah says, “It’s all a simulation. There is no hammer.”
Yannah says, “Enough of this ‘living in a simulation’ nonsense. The hammer is real, and the pain in your thumb is real.”
Donny says, “Nothing matters anyway” |
|
Definition
| Yannah says, “Enough of this ‘living in a simulation’ nonsense. The hammer is real, and the pain in your thumb is real.” |
|
|
Term
Every person has their own preferences, and there are even the smallest variations in how they behave throughout the day. This assertion is an example of which argument against determinism made by Grünbaum?
Individual uniqueness
Behavior is too complex
Behavior is determined by future goals
It destroys the concept of personal responsibility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
We have no way of predicting a person’s behavior, especially if we are unaware of their intent aspirations. This assertion is an example of which argument against determinism made by Grünbaum?
Individual uniqueness
Behavior is too complex
Behavior is determined by future goals
It destroys the concept of personal responsibility |
|
Definition
| Behavior is determined by future goals |
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: People are too variable and unpredictable?
There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement
There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood
This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument
Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood |
|
|
Term
How can we hold someone accountable if environmental contingencies are solely to blame for their behavior? This assertion is an example of which argument against determinism made by Grünbaum?
Individual uniqueness
Behavior is too complex
Behavior is determined by future goals
It destroys the concept of personal responsibility |
|
Definition
| It destroys the concept of personal responsibility |
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: If behavior is determined and a person does something, they cannot be held responsible for it?
There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement
There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood
This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument
Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of causal determinism?
Bryan states that, given several measures, he can perfectly predict the path of a satellite orbiting earth
Jill says that behavior can be predicted generally and over time, but not precisely to every instance
Karen proposes in a paper that while drug A should have a certain effect, that this effect may vary from person to person in ways that cannot be fully predicted |
|
Definition
| Bryan states that, given several measures, he can perfectly predict the path of a satellite orbiting earth |
|
|
Term
By examining the data of the rat’s lever presses, we can determine which button it is likely to press next, but we are unable to say with absolute certainty.
probabilistic determinism
causal determinism
compatibilism |
|
Definition
| probabilistic determinism |
|
|
Term
There are two types of behavior: voluntary and involuntary. This perspective regarding voluntarism was held by which of the following?
Descartes
Wundt
Libet
Pavlov |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Even though it is impossible to see all objects falling, we can safely say that all things will fall at about the same speed.
scientific realism
pragmatism
determinism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Josephine indicates that, more important than a perfect understanding of behavior, is the success ABA has had in applications
scientific realism
pragmatism
determinism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is Libet?
a. Originally believed that all behavior was involuntary and was similar in both humans and animals
b. Will is the force behind voluntary action and guides processes like decision-making, choice, and attention
c. Behavior is not voluntary at all and is initiated by the brain preparing for voluntary action fractions of a second prior
d. Smooth muscles are related to involuntary behavior and
striped muscles are related to voluntary behavior |
|
Definition
| c. Behavior is not voluntary at all and is initiated by the brain preparing for voluntary action fractions of a second prior |
|
|
Term
During the IEP meeting, Randy, the student's special education teacher, commented that he believed there was no discernible reason why the student engaged in problem behavior and that it just happened "out of the blue." This scenario is an example of which assumption?
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cornelius believed his mother would likely yell at him when she got home for not defrosting the chicken, given her usual reaction, but he couldn’t say for sure. This scenario is an example of _____.
A. Causal determinism
B. Probabilistic determinism
C. Compatibilism |
|
Definition
| B. Probabilistic determinism |
|
|
Term
Despite the lack of evidence supporting “employee of the month” programs, Henry
continues to use the practice at his clinic. Many of his employees work harder to win the award every month.
A. Scientific realism
B. Pragmatism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following scenarios is an example of scientific realism?
A. While there is no evidence supporting the feedback andwich, Florence continued using it since it was preferred by most of her employees.
B. Lillie has read a ton of research supporting behavioral skills training, so she was skeptical when a supervisor claimed it “outright didn’t work” for his supervisees.
C. Despite lacking strong evidence supporting their use, Nigel switched to eco-friendly packaging to appeal to customers who prioritize sustainability.
D. Despite his failed previous attempts, the home owner attempted tof ix his leaky faucet because it was faster than hiring a handyman. |
|
Definition
| B. Lillie has read a ton of research supporting behavioral skills training, so she was skeptical when a supervisor claimed it “outright didn’t work” for his supervisees. |
|
|
Term
Martha was raised by two very religious parents, who taught her the importance of following the guidance of the community’s spiritual leaders. Her upbringing guaranteed she would also be religious. This scenario is an example of _______.
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
| C. Fatalism (“guaranteed she would also be...”) |
|
|
Term
Cole’s current environment, including his friends and family, means that he will certainly engage in certain behaviors and make specific choices throughout his life. This scenario is an example of which assumption?
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
| C. Fatalism (“he WILL certainly engage in...”) |
|
|
Term
During an IEP meeting, Silas argued with the behavior analyst, stating that it was impossible to predict with 100% certainty whether the client’s aggression was evoked by non- preferred tasks, despite both their direct observations. This scenario is an example of _____.
A. Causal determinism
B. Probabilistic determinism
C. Compatibilism
D. Indeterminism |
|
Definition
| B. Probabilistic determinism |
|
|
Term
A student’s mother insists that her son hates playing at the park. However, the BCBA has presented this option contingent on completing a task and increasing target skills. Based on the data, the BCBA concludes that the opportunity to go to the park is a reinforcer. This scenario is an example of _______.
A. Scientific realism
B. Pragmatism
C. Probabilistic determinism
D. Compatibilism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of predestination?
A. Frank is not worried whether he will pass his classes or not as it is ultimately in the hands of his chosen deity
B. Gen sets study reminders and spends time each day with flashcards and says it is because it has helped her past classes before
C. Lars gets a poor grade on an assignment and says the teacher just gives grades randomly, so he doesn’t bother putting much time in
D. Sarah says she was born innately intelligent and thus always gets good marks in the courses she takes |
|
Definition
| A. Frank is not worried whether he will pass his classes or not as it is ultimately in the hands of his chosen deity |
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of indeterminism?
A. George’s student throws rocks and, while he’s unsure of why this occurs now, he’s sure if he watches and collects data that there is a pattern
B. Helen has not mastered counting, so her mother provides lots of praise and tickles when she counts a set correctly as this typically results in Helen’s skills improving
C. Jasmine doesn’t collect the data the behavior analyst requests because her daughter’s tantrums are random
D. Frances is afraid of snakes and will run from a setting even if he sees a picture of one. His mom says this is because he was bitten by a snake as a toddler |
|
Definition
| C. Jasmine doesn’t collect the data the behavior analyst requests because her daughter’s tantrums are random |
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of determinism?
A. Terry suddenly and without reason threw a wad of paper at his classmate.
B. Lisa randomly snapped at her younger sister.
C. Conrad just decided to start jumping and
down.
D. Lela took the second of two paths since it previously resulted in a beautiful view. |
|
Definition
| D. Lela took the second of two paths since it previously resulted in a beautiful view. |
|
|
Term
Heather’s short lifeline on her palm was proof that she was always meant to get frequently sick. This scenario is an example of which assumption?
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Erma adopted the orange tabby at the shelter since it looked a lot like the cat she grew up with. This scenario is an example of which assumption?
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Harold picked six numbers at random with nothing influencing his decision. This scenario is an example of which assumption?
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: Individuals are unique, and the behavior each engages in is unique to that individual?
A. There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement
B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood
C. This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument
D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| A. There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement |
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: Cannot determine cause of behavior because it is determined by something in the future?
A. There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement
B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood
C. This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument
D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| C. This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument |
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: People are too variable and unpredictable?
A. There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement
B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood
C. This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument
D. Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| B. There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood |
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of probabilistic determinism?
A. Hank believes that, if enough data are collected, that behavior could be perfectly predicted
B. Karen proposes in a paper that while drug A should have a certain effect, that this effect may vary from person to person in ways that cannot be fully predicted as their will may affect their behaviors
C. Jill says that behavior can be predicted generally and over time, but not precisely to every instance |
|
Definition
| C. Jill says that behavior can be predicted generally and over time, but not precisely to every instance |
|
|
Term
Which of the following perspectives was held by Wundt regarding voluntarism?
A. Originally believed that all behavior was involuntary and was similar in both humans and animals
B. Will is the force behind voluntary action and guides processes like decision-making, choice, and attention
C. Behavior is not voluntary at all and is initiated by the brain preparing for voluntary action fractions of a second prior
D. Smooth muscles are related to involuntary behavior and striped muscles are related to voluntary behavior |
|
Definition
| B. Will is the force behind voluntary action and guides processes like decision-making, choice, and attention |
|
|
Term
A client is learning ASL to communicate. Their motions are not accurate to ASL; however, their modified use allows the client to request and access their needs. The success in acquiring requests is more important than their perfection of ASL. This is an example of pragmatism.
A. True B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Even though it is impossible to see every single tree fall, we can safely say that all trees falling will make a noise. This scenario is an example of scientific realism.
A. True B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of fatalism?
Nikolai felt that his difficulty at work was God testing him
Nelly realized she was often late because all her clocks were behind
Mindy thought her dog would act out randomly, chewing the furniture without reason
Rogers always felt he should be a writer; it was simply meant to be |
|
Definition
| Rogers always felt he should be a writer; it was simply meant to be |
|
|
Term
Sabrina was born lucky, and things always seemed to go her way. This best aligns with which assumption?
Predestination
Determinism
Fatalism
Indeterminism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A teacher told Fred, “Rewards might work for rats and dogs, but people are too complicated” What would be a good counter to his point?
Even though it is unique, common principles underlie the uniqueness
Perhaps especially because human behavior is complex, it will be important to measure and track changes
It might remove blame, but it does not remove the rationale for applying consequences |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is an example of causal determinism?
After an FA, Ridley says it is certain that if they remove attention, behavior will reduce
Gregory claims that given the known and unknown variables, it is likely behavior will increase if they arrange increased access to preferred items |
|
Definition
| After an FA, Ridley says it is certain that if they remove attention, behavior will reduce |
|
|
Term
From looking at the data we can determine the likely ratio of yelling to appropriate requests, but not with exact certainty. This is an example of which assumption?
Causal determinism
Probabilistic determinism
Compatibilism
Deism |
|
Definition
| Probabilistic determinism |
|
|
Term
Montel agrees that most events have clear causes, but still holds that occasionally a person rises above their circumstances and wills themselves to change. This is which assumption?
Causal determinism
Probabilistic determinism
Compatibilism
Deism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Who proposed that the will is what drove attention and decision-making?
Descartes
Wundt
Libet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Who proposed that conscious thought occurred first, then voluntary action occurred (but the studies showed otherwise)?
Descartes
Wundt
Libet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Who thought all organisms engage in some involuntary behavior, but only humans have voluntary behavior?
Descartes
Wundt
Libet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which best aligns with scientific realism?
Noah says, “It’s all a simulation. There is no hammer.”
Yannah says, “Enough of this ‘living in a simulation’ nonsense. The hammer is real, and the pain in your thumb is real.”
Donny says, “Nothing matters anyway” |
|
Definition
| Yannah says, “Enough of this ‘living in a simulation’ nonsense. The hammer is real, and the pain in your thumb is real.” |
|
|
Term
Every person has their own preferences, and there are even the smallest variations in how they behave throughout the day. This assertion is an example of which argument against determinism made by Grünbaum?
Individual uniqueness
Behavior is too complex
Behavior is determined by future goals
It destroys the concept of personal responsibility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
We have no way of predicting a person’s behavior, especially if we are unaware of their intent aspirations. This assertion is an example of which argument against determinism made by Grünbaum?
Individual uniqueness
Behavior is too complex
Behavior is determined by future goals
It destroys the concept of personal responsibility |
|
Definition
| Behavior is determined by future goals |
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: People are too variable and unpredictable?
There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement
There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood
This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument
Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood |
|
|
Term
Which of these is the best counterpoint to this argument against determinism: Cannot determine cause of behavior because it is determined by something in the future?
There are common underlying principles such as reinforcement
There are multiple interactive parts, but that does not mean it is too complex to be understood
This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument
Behavioral principles do not force a person to behave in a certain way, they merely state consequences of actions |
|
Definition
| This assumes behavior is determined, thus undermining the argument |
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of causal determinism?
Bryan states that, given several measures, he can perfectly predict the path of a satellite orbiting earth
Jill says that behavior can be predicted generally and over time, but not precisely to every instance
Karen proposes in a paper that while drug A should have a certain effect, that this effect may vary from person to person in ways that cannot be fully predicted |
|
Definition
| Bryan states that, given several measures, he can perfectly predict the path of a satellite orbiting earth |
|
|
Term
By examining the data of the rat’s lever presses, we can determine which button it is likely to press next, but we are unable to say with absolute certainty.
probabilistic determinism
causal determinism
compatibilism |
|
Definition
| probabilistic determinism |
|
|
Term
There are two types of behavior: voluntary and involuntary. This perspective regarding voluntarism was held by which of the following?
Descartes
Wundt
Libet
Pavlov |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Josephine indicates that, more important than a perfect understanding of behavior, is the success ABA has had in applications
scientific realism
pragmatism
determinism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is Libet?
a. Originally believed that all behavior was involuntary and was similar in both humans and animals
b. Will is the force behind voluntary action and guides processes like decision-making, choice, and attention
c. Behavior is not voluntary at all and is initiated by the brain preparing for voluntary action fractions of a second prior
d. Smooth muscles are related to involuntary behavior and
striped muscles are related to voluntary behavior |
|
Definition
| c. Behavior is not voluntary at all and is initiated by the brain preparing for voluntary action fractions of a second prior |
|
|
Term
During the IEP meeting, Randy, the student's special education teacher, commented that he believed there was no discernible reason why the student engaged in problem behavior and that it just happened "out of the blue." This scenario is an example of which assumption?
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cornelius believed his mother would likely yell at him when she got home for not defrosting the chicken, given her usual reaction, but he couldn’t say for sure. This scenario is an example of _____.
A. Causal determinism
B. Probabilistic determinism
C. Compatibilism |
|
Definition
| B. Probabilistic determinism |
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of causal determinism?
A. After inconclusive results from a functional analysis, Michelle stated that the team could conclude the function of their client's aggression if they kept isolating specific variables.
B. Mike thought it possible that his client’s caregivers would cancel today’s session at the last minute since they frequently have done so, but he hoped they wouldn’t.
C. Ella stated that a coin flip could never be accurately predicted or controlled, and the outcome simply happened.
D. "You cannot analyze my behavior!" said Taylor. "The rest of nature and animals, for sure, but humans are much more complex." |
|
Definition
| A. After inconclusive results from a functional analysis, Michelle stated that the team could conclude the function of their client's aggression if they kept isolating specific variables. |
|
|
Term
Despite the lack of evidence supporting “employee of the month” programs, Henry
continues to use the practice at his clinic. Many of his employees work harder to win the award every month.
A. Scientific realism
B. Pragmatism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following scenarios is an example of scientific realism?
A. While there is no evidence supporting the feedback andwich, Florence continued using it since it was preferred by most of her employees.
B. Lillie has read a ton of research supporting behavioral skills training, so she was skeptical when a supervisor claimed it “outright didn’t work” for his supervisees.
C. Despite lacking strong evidence supporting their use, Nigel switched to eco-friendly packaging to appeal to customers who prioritize sustainability.
D. Despite his failed previous attempts, the home owner attempted tof ix his leaky faucet because it was faster than hiring a handyman. |
|
Definition
| B. Lillie has read a ton of research supporting behavioral skills training, so she was skeptical when a supervisor claimed it “outright didn’t work” for his supervisees. |
|
|
Term
While there hasn’t been much research supporting social stories, Noam has found that his client generally enjoys them, so Noam continues incorporating them into sessions. This scenario is an example of ______.
A. Scientific realism
B. Pragmatism
C. Compatibilism
D. Fatalism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cole’s current environment, including his friends and family, means that he will certainly engage in certain behaviors and make specific choices throughout his life. This scenario is an example of which assumption?
A. Determinism
B. Indeterminism
C. Fatalism
D. Predestination |
|
Definition
| C. Fatalism (“he WILL certainly engage in...”) |
|
|
Term
During an IEP meeting, Silas argued with the behavior analyst, stating that it was impossible to predict with 100% certainty whether the client’s aggression was evoked by non- preferred tasks, despite both their direct observations. This scenario is an example of _____.
A. Causal determinism
B. Probabilistic determinism
C. Compatibilism
D. Indeterminism |
|
Definition
| B. Probabilistic determinism |
|
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Term
A student’s mother insists that her son hates playing at the park. However, the BCBA has presented this option contingent on completing a task and increasing target skills. Based on the data, the BCBA concludes that the opportunity to go to the park is a reinforcer. This scenario is an example of _______.
A. Scientific realism
B. Pragmatism
C. Probabilistic determinism
D. Compatibilism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Josephine indicates that the success ABA has in its applications is more important than a perfect understanding of behavior.
A. Scientific realism
B. Pragmatism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Even though it is impossible to see all objects falling, we can safely say that all things will fall at about the same speed.
A. Scientific realism
B. Pragmatism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which hypothesis is most related to behavior analysis?
A. Formism
B. Contextualism
C. Organicism
D. Mechanism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ava will usually try different kinds of foods when she goes out to eat but will only eat soup when she is sick.
A. Formism
B. Contextualism
C. Organicism
D. Mechanism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The word “gem” may evoke different responses based on variables such as tone, or other verbal behavior it is included with. For example “There were many gems in her ring” and “Theodore helped babysit the kids, he’s a gem”. This exemplifies which view of word meaning?
A. Contextualist
B. Idealist
C. Materialist
D. Pragmatist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The RBT explained that the reason Zoe screams is likely because when she has screamed in the past all of her classmates stared at her and that they ignore her when she is quiet. This is an example of which of the following:
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism
C. Organicism
D. Mechanism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
June knows that all dogs bark, that is just how they are made. This is an example of which of the following:
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism
C. Organicism
D. Mechanism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Labrador Retrievers are bred for water sports and work. The American Labrador Retriever is bred with a more slender body that is better for agility and field-work.
a. natural phylogenic selection
b. guided phylogenic selection
c. natural ontogenic selection
d. guided ontogenic selection |
|
Definition
| b. guided phylogenic selection |
|
|
Term
A polar bear's fur reflects the light around it and appears white because it has functioned as effective camouflage in snow-covered landscapes where polar bears reside. Since food is scarce, lighter fur typically results in better access to food.
a. natural phylogenic selection
b. guided phylogenic selection
c. natural ontogenic selection
d. guided ontogenic selection
e. natural cultural selection
f. guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| a. natural phylogenic selection |
|
|
Term
When Jill ran outside in shorts during the summer, she was comfortable and enjoyed playing outside. When Jill ran outside in shorts during the winter, she was immediately very uncomfortable. Jill only wears shorts outside when it is above a certain temperature.
a. natural phylogenic selection
b. guided phylogenic selection
c. natural ontogenic selection
d. guided ontogenic selection
e. natural cultural selection
f. guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| c. natural ontogenic selection |
|
|
Term
Francine would like her dog to run to the couch and lay down when the doorbell rings. So she has the neighbor ring the doorbell and provides treats for closer and closer attempts and no treats when her dog barks.
a. natural phylogenic selection
b. guided phylogenic selection
c. natural ontogenic selection
d. guided ontogenic selection
e. natural cultural selection
f. guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| d. guided ontogenic selection |
|
|
Term
Before cell phones people frequently used a payphone to make needed calls. Now, it’s almost impossible to find a payphone around and people rarely use them.
a. natural phylogenic selection
b. guided phylogenic selection
c. natural ontogenic selection
d. guided ontogenic selection
e. natural cultural selection
f. guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| e. natural cultural selection |
|
|
Term
Due to the extremely low scores on the statewide third grade exams, the department of education for the state has started incentivizing using certain teaching procedures.
a. natural phylogenic selection
b. guided phylogenic selection
c. natural ontogenic selection
d. guided ontogenic selection
e. natural cultural selection
f. guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| f. guided cultural selection |
|
|
Term
While deer hunting on his land, Yegor is sure to kill the deer that have smaller misshapen antlers and defects to build his deer population to his liking. This an example of which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| B. Guided phylogenic selection |
|
|
Term
Haley grew tall enough to reach all of the ingredients in the pantry and has since stopped asking her parents to get her a snack. This an example of which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| C. Natural ontogenic selection |
|
|
Term
There used to be issues with littering on the roadside, but the highway patrol instituted harsh fines for littering and roadsides are generally much cleaner. This an example of which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| F. Guided cultural selection |
|
|
Term
Which is an example of Contextualism?
Skittles are reinforcers, they should increase responding at any time
Skittles are reinforcers and a type of candy. Similarly, starburst are candy so they should also be reinforcers
Certain responses can be strengthened by skittles, depending on many other variable |
|
Definition
| Certain responses can be strengthened by skittles, depending on many other variables |
|
|
Term
Which is more in line with essentialism?
Lao can improve his work working with mentorship and practice
Colter is “gifted” so he should do well in advanced classes |
|
Definition
| Colter is “gifted” so he should do well in advanced classes |
|
|
Term
Which statement is more in line with selectionism?
The “right thing to do” might change over time as situations become different for a culture
Even as cultures change, the “right thing to do” will remain universal |
|
Definition
| The “right thing to do” might change over time as situations become different for a culture |
|
|
Term
Which best reflects Darwin’s perspective:
An organism develops traits that help it survive
Some organisms with varied traits are more successful at reproducing as the environment changes
People can do what they want because of “Survival of the fittest” |
|
Definition
| Some organisms with varied traits are more successful at reproducing as the environment changes |
|
|
Term
Which is an example of guided phylogenic selection?
Paul uses a clicker to train his dog to retrieve items
Susan uses her existing watermelon to grow one with minimal seeds
With dwindling supply, home-buyers forgoing inspections had more success in closing
Of all the previous insects, the traits of the cockroach have allowed it to survive a wide variety of climates and conditions for millions of years |
|
Definition
| Susan uses her existing watermelon to grow one with minimal seeds |
|
|
Term
Which is an example of guided ontogenic selection?
When Shea stretches after a run she is less sore. She now stretches more often
Davis’s coach gives him feedback on his discus throws and his form has improved
Mikki breeds champion show-dogs
Vaccine resistant viruses become the dominant strain |
|
Definition
| Davis’s coach gives him feedback on his discus throws and his form has improved |
|
|
Term
Which of the following scenarios is an example of contextualism?
A. Horace classified certain scenarios and common behaviors as either examples or non-examples of aggression.
B. Since his first two clients engaged in self-stimulatory behavior, Andre believed all children with autism did the same.
C. Jacqueline adjusts her elevator speech depending on who she speaks to. When speaking to new hires, she limits using more complex ABA terms.
D. Aaron noticed that the record player began playing because he accidentally bumped the start button with his elbow. |
|
Definition
| Jacqueline adjusts her elevator speech depending on who she speaks to. When speaking to new hires, she limits using more complex ABA terms. |
|
|
Term
When finches are near a potential mate, they begin to sing. This behavior increases their likelihood of mating and passing on their genes relative to birds that sing at inappropriate times or not at all. This scenario is an example of ____.
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism
C. Social Darwinism
D. Realism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Calvin had a very outdated societal outlook. He believed all women were over-emotional and born to be wives and mothers, whereas men were strong and naturally inclined to be leaders.
A. Selectionism
B. Essentialism
C. Social Darwinism
D. Realism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is NOT a contribution credited to Darwin?
A. Sexual selection does not always produce the most optimal traits for natural selection
B. The poor and mentally ill should die for the benefit of a species
C. Individuals within a species are not precisely identical
D. The traits of a species are not predetermined |
|
Definition
| B. The poor and mentally ill should die for the benefit of a species (“Social Darwinism” was Herbert Spencer’s idea) |
|
|
Term
Willis often makes jokes using behavior-analytic language. He usually avoids making them around his non-ABA friends, but now that he’s at a professional conference, he tells many of them. What is impacting Willis’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
| C. Current reinforcement contingencies (SD for attention around ABA friends, S-Delta for attention around Non-ABA friends) |
|
|
Term
The last time Marlon checked in with his students during his lecture, he received immediate positive feedback. Presently, Marlon checks in with his students periodically during class. What is impacting Marlon’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
| A. Behavioral history (history of reinforcement) |
|
|
Term
Two neighboring countries on opposite sides of a mountain range have vastly different cultures. A desert climate and nomadic traditions characterize the country to the east, while the country to the west enjoys a lush, temperate climate and a thriving agricultural industry. What is the source of cultural variation?
A. The physical environment in which the culture exists
B. Isolation and assimilation of cultures
C. The complexity of the cultural organization
D. The needs of the culture |
|
Definition
| A. The physical environment in which the culture exists |
|
|
Term
Melanie began working for a closely knit team, a stark contrast to her previous company. They frequently provided feedback and kept each other accountable with self- management systems. Soon enough, Melanie followed suit and provided more feedback to her teammates. What is the source of cultural variation?
A. Isolation and assimilation of cultures
B. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising the culture
C. The needs of the culture
D. The complexity of the cultural organization |
|
Definition
| B. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising the culture |
|
|
Term
In medieval Europe, the Catholic Church played a significant role in regulating marriage and family life. Priests enforced strict rules on premarital sex and divorce to promote the sanctity of marriage and the nuclear family. These rules shaped Christians' behavior and influenced Europe's culture for centuries. This scenario is an example of which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| F. Guided cultural selection |
|
|
Term
Maurice used to throw his trash on the ground without a second thought, but after his neighbor confronted him about the littering, he started to dispose of it properly. This scenario is an example of which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| D. Guided ontogenic selection |
|
|
Term
After a long workout on an empty stomach, Wanda gets home and starts eating every snack, including a protein bar and fruit. What is impacting Wanda’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
| B. Current physiological circumstances (EO for food) |
|
|
Term
Lela is in the kitchen joking around and swearing with her sister. Lela looks toward the door and notices her grandmother walk in. Lela avoids cursing around her grandmother due to her distaste for it. What is impacting Lela’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
| C. Current reinforcement contingencies (SDP for grandmother’s attention) |
|
|
Term
In a bustling city, two close neighborhoods share many cultural similarities. They both have vibrant street markets selling similar
foods, traditional dress styles, and a strong emphasis on family values. In contrast, a remote island community has developed a unique culture with its own language, cuisine, and customs vastly different from neighboring regions. What is the source of cultural variation?
A. The complexity of the cultural organization
B. The physical environment in which the culture exists
C. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising the culture
D. Isolation and assimilation of cultures |
|
Definition
| D. Isolation and assimilation of cultures |
|
|
Term
Jake has longer legs than some of his peers. When running, Jake easily outpaces them. What is impacting Jake’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sophie comes from a small town, there are only a few hundred people who all know each other and share similar beliefs and traditions. Sophie moved to a large city populated by millions of people across a large geographical area with diverse beliefs and practices. She found that people in the larger city tended to be more individualistic. What is the source of cultural variation?
A. The size of the group
B. The physical environment in which the culture exists
C. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising the culture
D. The needs of the culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In a remote village in Africa, people hunt and farm to provide for their families. Meanwhile, in a bustling metropolis in Asia, people rely on technology and modern conveniences to survive. Despite their vastly different lifestyles, both cultures have found ways to thrive in their unique environments. What is the source of cultural variation?
A. The size of the group
B. Isolation and assimilation of cultures
C. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising the culture
D. The needs of the culture |
|
Definition
| D. The needs of the culture |
|
|
Term
A team of scientists carefully selects the healthiest and most adaptable microorganisms from a sample to breed and create a desirable strain. With each generation, they continue to selectively breed for these traits, resulting in a population of microorganisms that are more resistant to environmental stressors and produce higher quantities of a desired compound. This scenario is an example of which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| B. Guided phylogenic selection |
|
|
Term
Chloe was hesitant to speak up in a group meeting, but when her boss praised her for her idea, she felt more confident and began to contribute more. This scenario is an example of which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| D. Guided ontogenic selection |
|
|
Term
A group of farmers selectively breed their cows for higher milk production. They carefully choose the cows with the highest milk yield and mate them together, passing on their genes for milk production to their offspring. Over time, the population of cows on the farm evolves to have higher milk production, resulting in a more efficient and profitable dairy farm. This scenario is an example of which type of selection?
A. Natural phylogenic selection
B. Guided phylogenic selection
C. Natural ontogenic selection
D. Guided ontogenic selection
E. Natural cultural selection
F. Guided cultural selection |
|
Definition
| B. Guided phylogenic selection |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a contribution credited to Darwin?
A. Discovered the structure of DNA
B. Developed the idea that certain species traits are
“selected for” or “selected against”
C. Coined the term “gene”
D. Developed the idea that only the fittest humans survive |
|
Definition
| B. Developed the idea that certain species traits are “selected for” or “selected against” |
|
|
Term
After running to his car in the sun, Gary’s heart is racing. He points the air conditioning vent on his face and takes a gulp of water from a bottle. What is impacting Gary’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
| B. Current physiological circumstances (EO for A/C and water) |
|
|
Term
Growing up, Randolph had a solid physical build, giving him an immediate advantage over his peers when he first started playing football. What is impacting Randolph’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Termites work together in large groups rather than in isolation, drastically increasing the probability of survival. This scenario is an example of _____.
A. Essentialism
B. Social Darwinism
C. Selectionism
D. Eugenics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The last time she raised her hand to ask a question in class, Johanna was picked on by her classmate. Now Johanna very rarely raises her hand in class. What is impacting Johanna’s behavior?
A. Behavioral history
B. Current physiological circumstances
C. Current reinforcement contingencies
D. Genetics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In one culture, everything is straightforward and simple. People are more down-to-earth, have minimal possessions, and focus on community. In contrast, the other culture is multifaceted, with intricate social hierarchies and advanced technologies. They value individual achievement and self-expression above all else. What is the source of cultural variation?
A. Homogeneity or heterogeneity of individuals comprising the culture
B. The complexity of the cultural organization
C. The size of the group
D. The needs of the culture |
|
Definition
| B. The complexity of the cultural organization |
|
|
Term
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies scientific skepticism?
A. Even though her father had shown that he could cook an edible meal, Miriam doubted his technique had improved.
B. Gladys asked her employees to rate on a scale of 1-5 how they liked the new lottery system to assess its effectiveness.
C. While her friends shared their views, Annette avoided commenting on the news story until she read the reports from several sources.
D. Alvin observed his client and collected data on how often he asked follow-up questions during conversations. |
|
Definition
| C. While her friends shared their views, Annette avoided commenting on the news story until she read the reports from several sources. |
|
|
Term
Cameron noticed that his friend seemed more serious than usual. This scenario is an example of a(n) ________ observation.
A. Objective
B. Subjective
C. Controlled
D. Systematic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
BCBA Judith watched a recording of an in-home session between RBT Sean and the client. She collected data on Sean’s performance and emailed him feedback based on the recorded session. This scenario is an example of an ___ observation.
A. Obtrusive, direct
B. Obtrusive, indirect
C. Unobtrusive, direct
D. Unobtrusive, indirect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Many fans consider Ray Allen one of the greatest three- point shooters in NBA history, with a three-point shooting percentage of almost 40%. NBA fans and historians agree that a three-point percentage of over 35% is outstanding. If you observe a player whose shooting percentage meets or exceeds that criterion, the claim that the player is an exceptional three-point shooter is _____.
A. Accurate
B. Valid
C. Reliable |
|
Definition
| B. Valid (correspondence to an agreed-upon criterion) |
|
|
Term
All of Judith’s cohort studied for the board exam, but those who came to the study group passed with flying colors. Therefore, those who attended the study group were more likely to pass. This scenario exemplifies which of Mill’s four methods?
A. Method of Agreement
B. Method of Difference
C. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
D. Method of Concomitant Variation |
|
Definition
| A. Method of Agreement – the scenario points out a commonality |
|
|
Term
All the members of the workout program attended class on Wednesday, and they were all given a choice of whether to start on the treadmills or the weight floor. Chris and his group started with the weight floor, and they all reported that the workout was easy. On the other hand, Nathan and his group started on the treadmills, and all felt the workout was brutal. Chris now believes that starting on the weight floor makes the class easier. This scenario exemplifies which of Mill’s four methods?
A. Method of Agreement
B. Method of Difference
C. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
D. Method of Concomitant Variation |
|
Definition
C. Joint Method of and – the scenario points out a commonality in the first group (Chris’s group chose the weight floor and reported “easy”), a difference (Nathan’s group chose the treadmill first and reported “brutal”), and a conclusion is made (Chris thinks starting off with weights is easier)
[image] |
|
|
Term
Shelly and Norma are looking at a picture of a dress on Shelly’s phone. They both agree that the dress is black and blue. Jenny says they agree because they both come from a culture that has historically labeled these colors as black and blue. Norma says that they agree because each time they labeled these colors as black and blue, they received contingent social reinforcement. Shelly’s explanation is _____, whereas Norma’s explanation is _____.
A. Holistic; reductionist
B. Reductionist; holistic |
|
Definition
| A. Holistic; reductionist |
|
|
Term
Lucy, a BCBA, and Andy, an RBT, work with a student who frequently makes inappropriate comments. Lucy states that the student makes inappropriate comments because his teachers, parents, and other therapists have a long history of acknowledging inappropriate behavior. Andy states that the student’s peers reinforce inappropriate comments in class. Lucy takes a _____ approach, whereas Andy takes a _______ approach.
A. Molar; molecular
B. Molecular, molar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
While Chelsea’s new client’s caregivers have stated that cookies are his favorite snacks, Chelsea directly verifies this through a paired stimulus preference assessment. This scenario is an example of ____.
A. Positivism
B. Interpretivism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Cynicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
To explain why his employees were expressing performance problems, Milton examined the entire company, including every process and interaction between departments. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
A. Reductionism
B. Holism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these scenarios exemplifies a systematic, controlled observation?
A. Felipe schedules an observation of his staff during the social skills group later in the week.
B. Josh had Kyle and Santiago take turns working with a client. Josh recorded a higher rate of tantrums when Kyle worked with the client.
C. Christie walked past her vehicle and noticed a new dent.
D. While walking, Rebecca saw several people wearing the same sweatshirt as her. |
|
Definition
B. Josh had Kyle and Santiago take turns working with a client. Josh recorded a higher rate of tantrums when Kyle worked with the client.
- IV manipulated |
|
|
Term
Rather than collect data on the rate of social media check-ins, Gerard surveys several individuals on their feeling toward social media and present his findings. This scenario is an example of ____.
A. Positivism
B. Interpretivism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Cynicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Kona wants to see how long it takes his student to begin working on his assignment when Kona gives the signal. Kona and his teacher establish that the student should begin working within 15 seconds. Kona starts his timer when he provides the student with the worksheet and says, “Begin.” This scenario exemplifies a measure of _____.
A. Accuracy
B. Validity
C. Reliability |
|
Definition
| B. Validity (correspondence to an agreed-upon criterion) |
|
|
Term
Sandra boasted that the latest intervention had successfully decreased her client’s aggression after she tried a few different options. Joann had previously seen the client, so she withheld judgment until she saw the data. This scenario is an example of ____.
A. Positivism
B. Interpretivism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Cynicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tommy showed his uncle the results of the latest studies conclusively stating that a new medicine could treat a specific disease. Tommy’s uncle huffed and said the results were probably just made up. This scenario is an example of ____.
A. Positivism
B. Interpretivism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Cynicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Luis has a patient who reports frequent negative thoughts. Luis can take approaches to this: 1) he looks at each instance of private behavior as an event with its antecedents and consequences that may be similar, or 2) he sees these thoughts as evidence of a more significant pattern of behavior that few antecedents and consequences can explain. The first approach represents the ______ explanation of behavior, whereas the second approach exemplifies ______.
A. Molar, molecular
B. Molecular, molar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bob, Francis, Arturo, and Harriet trained for the half- marathon. However, during the race, only Harriet kept an even pace throughout and felt okay at the end. They conclude Harriet felt okay because she was the only one that kept an even pace throughout. This scenario exemplifies which of Mill’s four methods?
A. Method of Agreement
B. Method of Difference
C. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
D. Method of Concomitant Variation |
|
Definition
| B. Method of Difference – the scenario points out a difference |
|
|
Term
While Blanca practiced her presentation, she wanted Annie to count the number of times that Blanca used a filler word such as “um” or “like.” This scenario is an example of a(n) ________ observation.
A. Subjective
B. Controlled
C. Naturalistic
D. Unsystematic |
|
Definition
| C. Naturalistic – the observation occurs under a set of rules (during the presentation and does not involve manipulating an IV) |
|
|
Term
Megan records the IRT of Louie’s bites of food. She observed that the average IRT was 18 seconds. After reviewing a video recording, which allowed him to pause and rewind, Megan’s supervisor noted that the average was, in fact, 18 seconds. He compared this measure with Megan’s. This scenario exemplifies a measure of _____.
A. Accuracy
B. Validity
C. Reliability |
|
Definition
| A. Accuracy (correspondence to a true criterion) |
|
|
Term
Bobbie, Melanie, Maria, and Alison agreed to start a new self- management routine together to complete their reports independently while still checking in with one another. Bobbie saw they all struggled to stay on task for the first few days. However, Alison did very well after a week because she also used a Pomodoro timer. Bobbie tried using the Pomodoro timer and found more success. She concluded using the timer was the best way to enhance the self-management procedure. This scenario exemplifies which of Mill’s four methods?
A. Method of Agreement
B. Method of Difference
C. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
D. Method of Concomitant Variation |
|
Definition
C. Joint Method of and – the scenario points out a commonality, a difference (only Alison used the timer), and a conclusion is made (Bobbie finds success with the timer too and concludes it enhanced the procedure)
[image] |
|
|
Term
Every time Ada leaves her trashcan outside for the valet service to collect, she finds that they leave it open, attracting a swarm of mosquitoes the next morning. However, when she leaves a sign on the trashcan, they close it. She tries taking the sign off and finds her trashcan open the next morning with bugs flying around it. She replaces the sign and finds her trashcan closed and mosquito-free the following day. She concludes that posting the sign results in the valet service closing her trashcan after emptying it. This scenario exemplifies which of Mill’s four methods?
A. Method of Agreement
B. Method of Difference
C. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
D. Method of Concomitant Variation |
|
Definition
| D. Method of Concomitant Variation –Ada makes her conclusion through systematic manipulation |
|
|
Term
Judy focuses on her form when she runs, lifts weights, and stretches and has, thus far, felt minimal soreness. Judy concludes that focusing on her form results in minimal soreness. This scenario exemplifies which of Mill’s four methods?
A. Method of Agreement
B. Method of Difference
C. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
D. Method of Concomitant Variation |
|
Definition
| A. Method of Agreement – the scenario points out a commonality |
|
|
Term
During an interview, Cole completes a questionnaire based on his client’s responses. About a week later, Cole watches a recording of the interview. He independently completes the questionnaire and compares it to his responses during the live interview. This scenario exemplifies a measure of _____.
A. Accuracy
B. Validity
C. Reliability |
|
Definition
| C. Reliability (comparison between observations) |
|
|
Term
Alexis heard about the benefits of avoiding electronics before bed on sleep from her friend Maddie. However, she waited until she read a study from a peer- reviewed journal before agreeing to try it out. This scenario is an example of ____.
A. Positivism
B. Interpretivism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Cynicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gordon’s parents have stated that he has been excessively swearing at school. Rather than take their word for it, BCBA Julian directly collected data while observing Gordon in class. This scenario is an example of ____.
A. Positivism
B. Interpretivism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Cynicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
BCBA Kimberly sat in the room observing RBT Bridget work with the client. Kimberly took notes on Bridget implementing a token system. She provided Bridget with feedback using those notes. This scenario is an example of an ___ observation.
A. Obtrusive, direct
B. Unobtrusive, direct
C. Obtrusive, indirect
D. Unobtrusive, indirect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Jasiel collects data on the number of times his client engaged in minor SIB during a functional analysis trial. At the same time, his coworker Elizabeth collects data. They compare their data sheets after the end of the trial. This scenario exemplifies a measure of _____.
A. Accuracy
B. Validity
C. Reliability |
|
Definition
| C. Reliability (comparison between observations) |
|
|
Term
Cheryl’s friend group packed for the trip ahead of time. However, Cheryl was the only
one that packed last minute. Because of this, Cheryl was late to the airport. This scenario exemplifies which of Mill’s four methods?
A. Method of Agreement
B. Method of Difference
C. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
D. Method of Concomitant Variation |
|
Definition
| Method of Difference - the scenario points out a difference |
|
|
Term
Rather than look at the entire company, Amaryllis interviewed a few employees and
explored the variables responsible for each of their performance problems. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
A. Reductionism
B. Holism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Kelvin noticed that his sister cringed when he mentioned rollercoasters.
A. Unsystematic observation
B. Naturalistic systematic observation
C. Controlled systematic observation |
|
Definition
| A. Unsystematic observation |
|
|
Term
The BCBA recorded how many times Trevor used profanity during a conversation.
A. Unsystematic observation
B. Naturalistic systematic observation
C. Controlled systematic observation |
|
Definition
| B. Naturalistic systematic observation |
|
|
Term
While working on her thesis, Katie asks another students to take frequency data of stimming behaviors during the alone phase of a Functional Analysis. Katie also takes data at the same time. This scenario is an example of which of the following considerations?
A. Accuracy
B. Validity
C. Reliability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
During the state swimming championship, each swimmer’s lane is outfitted with an electronic pad. The electronic pad is activated when the start tone sounds and times duration until the swimmer taps the pad at the end of the race. Additionally, as a backup, a person uses a stopwatch to count the duration, starting the timer when the start tone sounds and stopping the timer when they visually observe the swimmer touch the electronic pad at the end of the race. This scenario is an example of which of the following considerations?
A. Accuracy
B. Validity
C. Reliability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Rachel wants to test the latency between her telling her dog to “come” and when her dog begins to head towards her. She begins a timer after she states “come.” This scenario is an example of which of the following considerations?
A. Accuracy
B. Validity
C. Reliability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Those who reviewed their flashcards before their oral fluency exam scored better than those that relied on the lecture from class.
A. Agreement
B. Difference
C. Joint (MOA & MOD)
D. Concomitant variation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Only the customers who bought the red pickup truck toy on Black Friday got it gift wrapped for free. Those who brought the red pickup truck toy online on Black Friday did not get complimentary wrapping.
A. Agreement
B. Difference
C. Joint (MOA & MOD)
D. Concomitant variation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Across different classrooms, only the students who wore wacky hair during Dr. Seuss week got raffle entry tickets.
A. Agreement
B. Difference
C. Joint (MOA & MOD)
D. Concomitant variation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Every time the baby cries, her mother gives her a pacifier. Either the sight of the pacifier in her mother’s hands causes the baby to cry, or the baby’s cry causes the mother always to carry a pacifier.
A. Agreement
B. Difference
C. Joint (MOA & MOD)
D. Concomitant variation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
You and I agree that the color of the shirt is blue because we both have cone cells in our retinas which are responsible for the perception of color. This statement is an example of which of the following?
A. Reductionism
B. Holism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Susie always follows rules. Rather than explaining this as a history of contacting reinforcement for rule-following, her mom simply says, it’s because she comes from a good family, and she has good values. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
A. Reductionism
B. Holism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the students with the highest test scores had 1 thing in common: they used SAFMEDS to study.
Method of agreement
Method of difference
Joint method of agreement and difference
Method of concomitant variation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The only difference in Marie’s studies is that sometimes she uses SAFMEDS and sometimes she does not. Her test scores are higher with SAFMEDS studying than without.
Method of agreement
Method of difference
Joint method of agreement and difference
Method of concomitant variation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is an example of the method of concomitant variation?
Lenny notices the more drinks he has during the week, the lower his test scores. So, he examines how a different number of drinks each week impact test scores
Brandy notices that her client engages in problem behavior only when the nanny drops the client off |
|
Definition
| Lenny notices the more drinks he has during the week, the lower his test scores. So, he examines how a different number of drinks each week impact test scores |
|
|
Term
Harvey sits with his client and asks how he feels about the current treatment. Harvey uses this information to summarize progress in his quarterly report. This scenario is an example of ____.
A. Positivism
B. Interpretivism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Cynicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
BCBA Kyle works with a child named Rosie at the clinic. After years of picky eating, Kyle
successfully introduced a treatment to increase Rosie’s food selectivity. Even after showing him evidence, Rosie’s father doubted that the intervention would continue to work. This scenario is an example of ____.
A. Positivism
B. Interpretivism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Cynicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies scientific skepticism?
A. Even though her father had shown that he could cook an edible meal, Miriam doubted his technique had improved.
B. Gladys asked her employees to rate on a scale of 1-5 how they liked the new lottery system to assess its effectiveness.
C. While her friends shared their views, Annette avoided commenting on the news story until she read the reports from several sources.
D. Alvin observed his client and collected data on how often he asked follow-up questions during conversations. |
|
Definition
| C. While her friends shared their views, Annette avoided commenting on the news story until she read the reports from several sources. |
|
|
Term
Cameron noticed that his friend seemed more serious than usual. This scenario is an example of a(n) ________ observation.
A. Objective
B. Subjective
C. Controlled
D. Systematic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
BCBA Judith watched a recording of an in-home session between RBT Sean and the client. She collected data on Sean’s performance and emailed him feedback based on the recorded session. This scenario is an example of an ___ observation.
A. Obtrusive, direct
B. Obtrusive, indirect
C. Unobtrusive, direct
D. Unobtrusive, indirect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these scenarios exemplifies an unsystematic observation?
A. Myrtle entered the clinic room and collected data on the number of employees in uniform. She planned on doing this once every day this week.
B. Joy noticed four employees were currently parked in spots reserved for customers.
C. Luke gathered rate data on his client’s aggression before and after his team introduced the intervention package.
D. Nelson planned to supervise his RBT for two hours during next week’s session. |
|
Definition
| B. Joy noticed four employees were currently parked in spots reserved for customers. |
|
|
Term
Many fans consider Ray Allen one of the greatest three- point shooters in NBA history, with a three-point shooting percentage of almost 40%. NBA fans and historians agree that a three-point percentage of over 35% is outstanding. If you observe a player whose shooting percentage meets or exceeds that criterion, the claim that the player is an exceptional three-point shooter is _____.
A. Accurate
B. Valid
C. Reliable |
|
Definition
| B. Valid (correspondence to an agreed-upon criterion) |
|
|
Term
A baseball player hits a ball that floats over left field. The left fielder runs after the ball but stops running, letting the ball drop. The batter continues running the bases, but the left fielder shouts at the umpire that the ball landed outside the foul line, which would mean that the batter had to continue batting. An instant replay reveals that the ball was indeed "foul." The left fielder's observation corresponded to the truth, as shown by the instant replay, and is, therefore, _____.
A. Accurate
B. Valid
C. Reliable |
|
Definition
| A. Accurate (correspondence to a true criterion) |
|
|
Term
All of Judith’s cohort studied for the board exam, but those who came to the study group passed with flying colors. Therefore, those who attended the study group were more likely to pass. This scenario exemplifies which of Mill’s four methods?
A. Method of Agreement
B. Method of Difference
C. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
D. Method of Concomitant Variation |
|
Definition
| A. Method of Agreement – the scenario points out a commonality |
|
|
Term
All the members of the workout program attended class on Wednesday, and they were all given a choice of whether to start on the treadmills or the weight floor. Chris and his group started with the weight floor, and they all reported that the workout was easy. On the other hand, Nathan and his group started on the treadmills, and all felt the workout was brutal. Chris now believes that starting on the weight floor makes the class easier. This scenario exemplifies which of Mill’s four methods?
A. Method of Agreement
B. Method of Difference
C. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
D. Method of Concomitant Variation |
|
Definition
C. Joint Method of and – the scenario points out a commonality in the first group (Chris’s group chose the weight floor and reported “easy”), a difference (Nathan’s group chose the treadmill first and reported “brutal”), and a conclusion is made (Chris thinks starting off with weights is easier)
[image] |
|
|
Term
Shelly and Norma are looking at a picture of a dress on Shelly’s phone. They both agree that the dress is black and blue. Jenny says they agree because they both come from a culture that has historically labeled these colors as black and blue. Norma says that they agree because each time they labeled these colors as black and blue, they received contingent social reinforcement. Shelly’s explanation is _____, whereas Norma’s explanation is _____.
A. Holistic; reductionist
B. Reductionist; holistic |
|
Definition
| A. Holistic; reductionist |
|
|
Term
Lucy, a BCBA, and Andy, an RBT, work with a student who frequently makes inappropriate comments. Lucy states that the student makes inappropriate comments because his teachers, parents, and other therapists have a long history of acknowledging inappropriate behavior. Andy states that the student’s peers reinforce inappropriate comments in class. Lucy takes a _____ approach, whereas Andy takes a _______ approach.
A. Molar; molecular
B. Molecular, molar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
While Chelsea’s new client’s caregivers have stated that cookies are his favorite snacks, Chelsea directly verifies this through a paired stimulus preference assessment. This scenario is an example of ____.
A. Positivism
B. Interpretivism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Cynicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
To explain why his employees were expressing performance problems, Milton examined the entire company, including every process and interaction between departments. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
A. Reductionism
B. Holism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these scenarios exemplifies a systematic, controlled observation?
A. Felipe schedules an observation of his staff during the social skills group later in the week.
B. Josh had Kyle and Santiago take turns working with a client. Josh recorded a higher rate of tantrums when Kyle worked with the client.
C. Christie walked past her vehicle and noticed a new dent.
D. While walking, Rebecca saw several people wearing the same sweatshirt as her. |
|
Definition
B. Josh had Kyle and Santiago take turns working with a client. Josh recorded a higher rate of tantrums when Kyle worked with the client.
- IV manipulated |
|
|
Term
Rather than collect data on the rate of social media check-ins, Gerard surveys several individuals on their feeling toward social media and present his findings. This scenario is an example of ____.
A. Positivism
B. Interpretivism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Cynicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Whenever Cal sits on the couch, his dog Buddy jumps up and lays on his lap. Either Cal sitting on the couch causes Buddy to lay on his lap, or Buddy laying on his lap results in Cal sitting on the couch. This scenario exemplifies which of Mill’s four methods?
A. Method of Agreement
B. Method of Difference
C. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
D. Method of Concomitant Variation |
|
Definition
| D. Method of Concomitant Variation – the two events closely correlate, so one is either the cause or effect of the other |
|
|
Term
Paula logged onto the online database and recorded the number of BCBAs that submitted their session notes on time. This scenario is an example of a(n) ___ observation.
A. Indirect
B. Controlled
C. Obtrusive
D. Systematic |
|
Definition
| A. Indirect – permanent product measure |
|
|
Term
Kona wants to see how long it takes his student to begin working on his assignment when Kona gives the signal. Kona and his teacher establish that the student should begin working within 15 seconds. Kona starts his timer when he provides the student with the worksheet and says, “Begin.” This scenario exemplifies a measure of _____.
A. Accuracy
B. Validity
C. Reliability |
|
Definition
| B. Validity (correspondence to an agreed-upon criterion) |
|
|
Term
Sandra boasted that the latest intervention had successfully decreased her client’s aggression after she tried a few different options. Joann had previously seen the client, so she withheld judgment until she saw the data. This scenario is an example of ____.
A. Positivism
B. Interpretivism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Cynicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tommy showed his uncle the results of the latest studies conclusively stating that a new medicine could treat a specific disease. Tommy’s uncle huffed and said the results were probably just made up. This scenario is an example of ____.
A. Positivism
B. Interpretivism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Cynicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Luis has a patient who reports frequent negative thoughts. Luis can take approaches to this: 1) he looks at each instance of private behavior as an event with its antecedents and consequences that may be similar, or 2) he sees these thoughts as evidence of a more significant pattern of behavior that few antecedents and consequences can explain. The first approach represents the ______ explanation of behavior, whereas the second approach exemplifies ______.
A. Molar, molecular
B. Molecular, molar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bob, Francis, Arturo, and Harriet trained for the half- marathon. However, during the race, only Harriet kept an even pace throughout and felt okay at the end. They conclude Harriet felt okay because she was the only one that kept an even pace throughout. This scenario exemplifies which of Mill’s four methods?
A. Method of Agreement
B. Method of Difference
C. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
D. Method of Concomitant Variation |
|
Definition
| B. Method of Difference – the scenario points out a difference |
|
|
Term
While Blanca practiced her presentation, she wanted Annie to count the number of times that Blanca used a filler word such as “um” or “like.” This scenario is an example of a(n) ________ observation.
A. Subjective
B. Controlled
C. Naturalistic
D. Unsystematic |
|
Definition
| C. Naturalistic – the observation occurs under a set of rules (during the presentation and does not involve manipulating an IV) |
|
|
Term
Megan records the IRT of Louie’s bites of food. She observed that the average IRT was 18 seconds. After reviewing a video recording, which allowed him to pause and rewind, Megan’s supervisor noted that the average was, in fact, 18 seconds. He compared this measure with Megan’s. This scenario exemplifies a measure of _____.
A. Accuracy
B. Validity
C. Reliability |
|
Definition
| A. Accuracy (correspondence to a true criterion) |
|
|
Term
Bobbie, Melanie, Maria, and Alison agreed to start a new self- management routine together to complete their reports independently while still checking in with one another. Bobbie saw they all struggled to stay on task for the first few days. However, Alison did very well after a week because she also used a Pomodoro timer. Bobbie tried using the Pomodoro timer and found more success. She concluded using the timer was the best way to enhance the self-management procedure. This scenario exemplifies which of Mill’s four methods?
A. Method of Agreement
B. Method of Difference
C. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
D. Method of Concomitant Variation |
|
Definition
C. Joint Method of and – the scenario points out a commonality, a difference (only Alison used the timer), and a conclusion is made (Bobbie finds success with the timer too and concludes it enhanced the procedure)
[image] |
|
|
Term
Every time Ada leaves her trashcan outside for the valet service to collect, she finds that they leave it open, attracting a swarm of mosquitoes the next morning. However, when she leaves a sign on the trashcan, they close it. She tries taking the sign off and finds her trashcan open the next morning with bugs flying around it. She replaces the sign and finds her trashcan closed and mosquito-free the following day. She concludes that posting the sign results in the valet service closing her trashcan after emptying it. This scenario exemplifies which of Mill’s four methods?
A. Method of Agreement
B. Method of Difference
C. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
D. Method of Concomitant Variation |
|
Definition
| D. Method of Concomitant Variation –Ada makes her conclusion through systematic manipulation |
|
|
Term
Judy focuses on her form when she runs, lifts weights, and stretches and has, thus far, felt minimal soreness. Judy concludes that focusing on her form results in minimal soreness. This scenario exemplifies which of Mill’s four methods?
A. Method of Agreement
B. Method of Difference
C. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
D. Method of Concomitant Variation |
|
Definition
| A. Method of Agreement – the scenario points out a commonality |
|
|
Term
During an interview, Cole completes a questionnaire based on his client’s responses. About a week later, Cole watches a recording of the interview. He independently completes the questionnaire and compares it to his responses during the live interview. This scenario exemplifies a measure of _____.
A. Accuracy
B. Validity
C. Reliability |
|
Definition
| C. Reliability (comparison between observations) |
|
|
Term
Alexis heard about the benefits of avoiding electronics before bed on sleep from her friend Maddie. However, she waited until she read a study from a peer- reviewed journal before agreeing to try it out. This scenario is an example of ____.
A. Positivism
B. Interpretivism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Cynicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
BCBA Kimberly sat in the room observing RBT Bridget work with the client. Kimberly took notes on Bridget implementing a token system. She provided Bridget with feedback using those notes. This scenario is an example of an ___ observation.
A. Obtrusive, direct
B. Unobtrusive, direct
C. Obtrusive, indirect
D. Unobtrusive, indirect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Jasiel collects data on the number of times his client engaged in minor SIB during a functional analysis trial. At the same time, his coworker Elizabeth collects data. They compare their data sheets after the end of the trial. This scenario exemplifies a measure of _____.
A. Accuracy
B. Validity
C. Reliability |
|
Definition
| C. Reliability (comparison between observations) |
|
|
Term
Cheryl’s friend group packed for the trip ahead of time. However, Cheryl was the only
one that packed last minute. Because of this, Cheryl was late to the airport. This scenario exemplifies which of Mill’s four methods?
A. Method of Agreement
B. Method of Difference
C. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
D. Method of Concomitant Variation |
|
Definition
| Method of Difference - the scenario points out a difference |
|
|
Term
Rather than look at the entire company, Amaryllis interviewed a few employees and
explored the variables responsible for each of their performance problems. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
A. Reductionism
B. Holism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Abbie continued to record crying behavior while taking turns with her mother walking in and out of the room. Each time Abbie walked out of the room, the infant would cry and immediately stop crying when she returned to view. When her mother walked out of the room, the infant did not begin to cry.
A. Unsystematic observation
B. Naturalistic systematic observation
C. Controlled systematic observation |
|
Definition
| C. Controlled systematic observation |
|
|
Term
Kelvin noticed that his sister cringed when he mentioned rollercoasters.
A. Unsystematic observation
B. Naturalistic systematic observation
C. Controlled systematic observation |
|
Definition
| A. Unsystematic observation |
|
|
Term
The BCBA recorded how many times Trevor used profanity during a conversation.
A. Unsystematic observation
B. Naturalistic systematic observation
C. Controlled systematic observation |
|
Definition
| B. Naturalistic systematic observation |
|
|
Term
While working on her thesis, Katie asks another students to take frequency data of stimming behaviors during the alone phase of a Functional Analysis. Katie also takes data at the same time. This scenario is an example of which of the following considerations?
A. Accuracy
B. Validity
C. Reliability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
During the state swimming championship, each swimmer’s lane is outfitted with an electronic pad. The electronic pad is activated when the start tone sounds and times duration until the swimmer taps the pad at the end of the race. Additionally, as a backup, a person uses a stopwatch to count the duration, starting the timer when the start tone sounds and stopping the timer when they visually observe the swimmer touch the electronic pad at the end of the race. This scenario is an example of which of the following considerations?
A. Accuracy
B. Validity
C. Reliability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Rachel wants to test the latency between her telling her dog to “come” and when her dog begins to head towards her. She begins a timer after she states “come.” This scenario is an example of which of the following considerations?
A. Accuracy
B. Validity
C. Reliability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Those who reviewed their flashcards before their oral fluency exam scored better than those that relied on the lecture from class.
A. Agreement
B. Difference
C. Joint (MOA & MOD)
D. Concomitant variation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Only the customers who bought the red pickup truck toy on Black Friday got it gift wrapped for free. Those who brought the red pickup truck toy online on Black Friday did not get complimentary wrapping.
A. Agreement
B. Difference
C. Joint (MOA & MOD)
D. Concomitant variation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Across different classrooms, only the students who wore wacky hair during Dr. Seuss week got raffle entry tickets.
A. Agreement
B. Difference
C. Joint (MOA & MOD)
D. Concomitant variation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Every time the baby cries, her mother gives her a pacifier. Either the sight of the pacifier in her mother’s hands causes the baby to cry, or the baby’s cry causes the mother always to carry a pacifier.
A. Agreement
B. Difference
C. Joint (MOA & MOD)
D. Concomitant variation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
You and I agree that the color of the shirt is blue because we both have cone cells in our retinas which are responsible for the perception of color. This statement is an example of which of the following?
A. Reductionism
B. Holism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Susie always follows rules. Rather than explaining this as a history of contacting reinforcement for rule-following, her mom simply says, it’s because she comes from a good family, and she has good values. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
A. Reductionism
B. Holism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the students with the highest test scores had 1 thing in common: they used SAFMEDS to study.
Method of agreement
Method of difference
Joint method of agreement and difference
Method of concomitant variation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The only difference in Marie’s studies is that sometimes she uses SAFMEDS and sometimes she does not. Her test scores are higher with SAFMEDS studying than without.
Method of agreement
Method of difference
Joint method of agreement and difference
Method of concomitant variation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is an example of Holism?
Examining “speeding” behavior by explaining the mechanisms of the car’s motor
Examining “speeding” behavior in the context of where the person is going, why they are going there, and how often they drive the roads |
|
Definition
| Examining “speeding” behavior in the context of where the person is going, why they are going there, and how often they drive the roads |
|
|
Term
William is swinging a hammer because he is building a birdhouse. In the past, this behavior and others have resulted in creating a birdhouse. This scenario is an example of which of the following reinforcement theories?
Molar reinforcement theory
Molecular reinforcement theory |
|
Definition
| Molar reinforcement theory |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a molecular reinforcement theory?
Eb uses a sander because in the past it has resulted in smooth wood
Eb uses a sander because in the past the furniture he builds is better when he uses it |
|
Definition
| Eb uses a sander because in the past it has resulted in smooth wood |
|
|
Term
Reese was the only student that came to the optional study session, and subsequently, he got 100% on the exam. This scenario is an example of which of the following of Mill’s four methods?
Method of agreement
Method of difference
Joint method of agreement and difference
Method of concomitant variation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is an example of systematic observation?
a. After a day at work, Drew realizes that his headache gets better each time he gets a new cup of coffee.
b. During a supervision meeting, Mack noticed one of his supervisees frequently yawning.
c. Shannon asked the RBT she supervises to model a DRA procedure currently used for one of their clients. Shannon records each step of the procedure using a treatment fidelity checklist.
d. Barry walked into the living room and saw his daughter was still watching videos on her tablet. |
|
Definition
| c. Shannon asked the RBT she supervises to model a DRA procedure currently used for one of their clients. Shannon records each step of the procedure using a treatment fidelity checklist. |
|
|
Term
Abbie took turns with her mother walking in and out of the room. Each time Abbie walked out of the room, the infant would cry and immediately stop crying when she returned to view. When her mother walked out of the room, the infant did not begin to cry.
This is an example of which:
a. Naturalistic systematic observation
b. Naturalistic unsystematic observation c. Controlled, systematic observation
d. Controlled unsystematic observation |
|
Definition
c. Controlled, systematic observation
Note: Manipulating the environment and targeting behavior.
• Took turns, trying to turn the behavior on and off intentionally.
• Intentionally targeting a defined behavior. |
|
|
Term
Which is an example of naturalistic systematic observation?
a. Orsen notices that each time he walks into Ms. Smith’s classroom, several children are out of their seats and chatting with one another.
b. Bethany counted the number of employees properly wearing their PPE as she walked into work.
c. Kenny recorded the instances of problem behavior that occurred during each functional analysis condition.
d. Abbie began to record every time her infant cried when she left the room and if her infant would stop crying when she came back into view. |
|
Definition
d. Abbie began to record every time her infant cried when she left the room and if her infant would stop crying when she came back into view.
Note: No manipulation but targeting behavior.
• Leaving and entering the room naturally.
• Targeting crying behavior and recording instances. |
|
|
Term
Jordan has been getting sick more often. She thinks about her diet and notices that she has been eating chocolate candy more and more in the past few weeks, but nothing else has really changed. She decides to cut out chocolate from her diet and notices she gets sick much less often. After trying to each chocolate again, she again notices that she stops feeling well. Jordan has used:
Joint method of agreement and difference
Method of agreement
Method of difference
|
|
Definition
| Joint method of agreement and difference |
|
|
Term
Using the method of concomitant variation is exemplified in which example?
Determining the number of steps walked each day changes as a function of the number of meetings scheduled
Going for a walk each day depends on whether or not Tim brought his sneakers to work
Jason has gone for more walks since he adopted a puppy
Carol determined that she walked less steps over the last month, compared to this month |
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Definition
| Determining the number of steps walked each day changes as a function of the number of meetings scheduled |
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Term
Paul think it’s more important to look at his high school student’s job-readiness skills. Given this, Paul is likely approaching behavior through which lens?
Molecular
Molar |
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Definition
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Term
Screaming is defined as emitting a sound above 90 decibels for a duration longer than five seconds. Which type of definition is this an example of?
A. Structural definition
B. Functional definition |
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Definition
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Term
Disruptions are defined as any responses that result in attention from Rio’s mother or father. Which type of definition is this an example of?
A. Structural definition
B. Functional definition |
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Definition
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Term
Axel wears wide leg jeans because he is cool
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
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Definition
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Term
Luna wears radishes around her neck because she believes it will enhance her wisdom.
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
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Definition
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Term
Khrys meets with a technician once a week for a session of electromagnetic therapy to help balance out his discordant brain frequencies.
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
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Definition
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Term
The baby cries in order to be picked up.
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
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Definition
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Term
Joy wears crystal necklaces because she always receives compliments on them.
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is an example of deductive theory?
A. Ms. Jenkins states that all children with autism struggle with eye contact. Therefore, her student, Riley, can be expected to struggle with eye contact and is unlikely to improve.
B. Ms. Wyatt states that she’s observed Riley make very small amounts of eye contact when around other children. Therefore, Riley might learn to do so more often with the right teaching strategies. |
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Definition
| A. Ms. Jenkins states that all children with autism struggle with eye contact. Therefore, her student, Riley, can be expected to struggle with eye contact and is unlikely to improve. |
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Term
Which of the following is an example of inductive theory?
A. Noel says that all cakes are made with flour; therefore, the cake in front of him must have been made with those ingredients.
B. Sandi says that she has eaten flourless cake on several occasions, so it is possible that the cake in front of her might not contain any flour. |
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Definition
| B. Sandi says that she has eaten flourless cake on several occasions, so it is possible that the cake in front of her might not contain any flour. |
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Term
Hagrid only brings his umbrella with him when he sees dark clouds outside and hears thunder before leaving. Even when friends tell him they think it may rain, or the weatherman indicates high change of precipitation, Hagrid only grabs his umbrella under conditions of dark clouds and thunder. He must not trust meteorologists. Which type of generalization gradient is this an example of ?
A. Flat stimulus generalization gradient B. Flat response generalization gradient C. Steep stimulus generalization gradient D. Steep response generalization gradient |
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Definition
| C. Steep stimulus generalization gradient |
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Term
When entering class to greet students, Jackie greets them by saying, “Welcome back to class!” Sometimes instead she will say “Hello everybody!” or “Long time, no see! Glad to have you back in class.” Jackie changing her greeting is which type of generalization gradient is this an example of ?
A. Flat stimulus generalization gradient
B. Flat response generalization gradient C. Steep stimulus generalization gradient D. Steep response generalization gradient |
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Definition
| B. Flat response generalization gradient |
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Term
Which is more parsimonious?
Josiah engages in aggression when his brain is out of balance. Deep pressure from a blanket corrects the imbalance
In the past, Josiah received a weighted blanket when he engages in aggression
Josiah knows he will get a blanket if he engages in aggression |
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Definition
| In the past, Josiah received a weighted blanket when he engages in aggression |
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Term
Gerald puts pennies in his socks and claims, “The copper draws toxins from your body and improves circulation.” Which type of explanation?
Parsimonious
Pseudoscientific
Magical
Teleological
Nominal |
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Definition
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Term
Brody has been tutoring a group of students and notes, “They have aced their last 3 exams because they are gifted.” Which type of explanation?
Parsimonious
Pseudoscientific
Magical
Teleological
Nominal |
|
Definition
|
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Term
Which follows deductive reasoning?
Maria has known a few “State College” fans who are very pushy. She starts to wonder if all “State College” fans are pushy.
Mario thinks all “State University” fans are jerks. He knows Tom is a “State U” fan, so he assumes Tom is a jerk too. |
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Definition
| Mario thinks all “State University” fans are jerks. He knows Tom is a “State U” fan, so he assumes Tom is a jerk too. |
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Term
Marco was taught to tact pictures of cows. Now he labels brown cows, spotted cows, and even some brown horses as “cow”. Which type of generalization gradient?
Steep Stimulus Generalization Gradient
Flat Stimulus Generalization Gradient
Steep Response Generalization Gradient
Flat Response Generalization Gradient |
|
Definition
| Flat Stimulus Generalization Gradient |
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Term
Heidi learned to make her father’s chili recipe. She has experimented recently and sometimes adds pumpkin, extra carrots, and uses different methods to prep and cook ingredients. Which type of generalization gradient?
Steep Stimulus Generalization Gradient
Flat Stimulus Generalization Gradient
Steep Response Generalization Gradient
Flat Response Generalization Gradient |
|
Definition
| Flat Response Generalization Gradient |
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Term
Heidi learned to make her father’s chili recipe, when the temperature drops below 40 degrees. She only cooks chili when the temp is below 40. Which type of generalization gradient?
Steep Stimulus Generalization Gradient
Flat Stimulus Generalization Gradient
Steep Response Generalization Gradient
Flat Response Generalization Gradient |
|
Definition
| Steep Stimulus Generalization Gradient |
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Term
Which is direct replication?
Stacy taught Max to wash his hands at work, and then out at a restaurant
Brit showed weekly meetings improved productivity in March, removed for April, and repeated in May
Saul showed that a 5-minute time out was more effective than a 1-minute time out, and as effective as a 10-minute time out |
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Definition
| Brit showed weekly meetings improved productivity in March, removed for April, and repeated in May |
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Term
Screaming is defined as emitting a sound above 90 decibels for a duration longer than five seconds. Which type of definition is this an example of?
Structural definition
Functional definition
None of these |
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Definition
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Term
Which scenario explains Jacob’s appropriate manding using a mediating process?
Jacob mands appropriately because his patience has increased recently
Jacob mands appropriately because in the past manding appropriately has resulted in preferred items
Jacob mands appropriately because his mother is attending to him at the moment |
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Definition
| Jacob mands appropriately because his patience has increased recently |
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Term
Zack says that his dog thinks they are a human and that is why they are always trying to eat the food off people's plates.
Which explanation is this?
a. Parsimonious
b. Pseudoscientific
c. Magical
d. Anthropomorphic
e. Teleological
f. Nominal |
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Definition
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Term
Which is an example of inductive theory?
A. Ms. Jenkins states that all children with autism struggle with eye contact. Therefore, her student, Riley, can be expected to struggle with eye contact and is unlikely to improve.
B. Ms. Wyatt states that she’s observed Riley make very small amounts of eye contact when around other children. Therefore, Riley might learn to do so more often with the right teaching strategies. |
|
Definition
| b. Ms. Wyatt states that she’s observed Riley make very small amounts of eye contact when around other children. Therefore, Riley might learn to do so more often with the right teaching strategies. |
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Term
She answers emails so quickly because she is so smart. What is the mediational event?
Answering emails
Responding quickly
Being smart
Billing |
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Definition
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Term
Jerry is extremely disorganized, mostly because his executive functioning isn’t working. This explanation is:
Nominal
Behavior analytic
Teleological
Anthropomorphic |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is an example of a functional definition?
A. “Pica” is the individual placing any item not usually considered food in their mouth and chewing and swallowing it.
B. Task refusal is any behavior following a demand that temporarily or indefinitely delays task completion.
C. Waving means holding your hand up, fingers splayed, and moving your arm to the left and right.
D. Repetitive behavior is defined as any response produced by Lawrence’s OCD diagnosis. |
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Definition
| B. Task refusal is any behavior following a demand that temporarily or indefinitely delays task completion. |
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Term
Which of these scenarios does NOT include a mediational process to explain behavior?
A. Alexander sees a wasp flying nearby, inducing a panicked state. This causes him to run the other way.
B. When Catalina’s dog begins to whine, she bends down and pets her. Catalina’s dog usually stops whining.
C. Sheryl often forgets where she leaves her keys because of her terrible memory.
D. Rebecca’s frustration got the best of her, resulting in her yelling at her partner for leaving the food unrefrigerated. |
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Definition
| B. When Catalina’s dog begins to whine, she bends down and pets her. Catalina’s dog usually stops whining. (A->B->C) |
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Term
As Della sat with her partner on the couch, her cat nuzzled up to her, clearly jealous of all the attention not directed at him. Which type of explanation does this scenario exemplify?
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
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Definition
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Term
Doug’s ego resulted in him frequently ordering around his employees like soldiers and shaming them when they even remotely disagreed with his ideas. Which type of explanation does this scenario exemplify?
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
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Definition
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Term
Ross always wears the same green socks on game day, believing it brings him extra luck and confidence. Which type of explanation does this scenario exemplify?
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
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Definition
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Term
Sarah guesses that her client’s problem behavior is likely due to events he and others can’t recall. Which type of explanation does this scenario exemplify?
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
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Definition
| B. Pseudoscientific (not the simplest explanation) |
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Term
Scenario A: Terrell and her employees
Terrell believes that all Millennials and Gen Z are entitled. Therefore, whenever they ask for a raise or more vacation days, she ensures they have put in extra hours to earn those privileges.
Scenario B: Sheila’s realization
Sheila is a supervisor at a newer clinic. After providing the same feedback to each of her new supervisees, Sheila realized that few, if any, of the newly hired staff were receiving training on the data collection system.
Which scenario is an example of inductive reasoning?
A. Scenario A: Terrell and her employees B. Scenario B: Sheila’s realization
C. Bothscenarios
D. Neither scenario |
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Definition
| B. Scenario B: Sheila’s realization |
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Term
Casey is a behavior analyst working with Mindy. When Casey shows Mindy a picture of a yellow duck, Mindy says, “Duck.” However, if Casey shows Mindy pictures of mallards or spotted ducks, Mindy does not respond. Mindy only saying “Duck” when Casey shows her a yellow duck exemplifies which type of generalization gradient?
A. Flat stimulus generalization gradient
B. Steep stimulus generalization gradient
C. Flat response generalization gradient
D. Steep response generalization gradient |
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Definition
| B. Steep stimulus generalization gradient |
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Term
Aaron works with a client who always says, “Good” when asked,” How are you?” No matter the day, when Aaron asks him, the client always responds by saying, “Good.” The client responding the same way exemplifies which type of generalization gradient?
A. Flat stimulus generalization gradient
B. Steep stimulus generalization gradient
C. Flat response generalization gradient
D. Steep response generalization gradient |
|
Definition
| D. Steep response generalization gradient |
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Term
BCBA Casey is working with an in-home client. After collecting baseline data on the client’s problem behavior, she introduces a token economy. After seeing a decrease in problem behavior rates, Casey removes the token economy, collects baseline data again, and reintroduces the intervention. This scenario is an example of _____
A. Direct replication
B. Systematic replication across subjects
C. Systematic replication across variables
D. Systematic replication across settings |
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Definition
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Term
Corey is teaching a client to self-monitor several target behaviors. First, he taught his client to monitor his behavior while at home during role- play activities. Once the client has achieved the desired level of success, Corey has the client collect self-monitoring data in the community and then at school. This scenario is an example of _____
A. Direct replication
B. Systematic replication across subjects
C. Systematic replication across variables
D. Systematic replication across settings |
|
Definition
| D. Systematic replication across settings |
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Term
When a customer walks in, Velma greets them, saying, “Welcome to Joe’s!” She sometimes switches it up by saying, “We’re glad you made it to Joe’s” or “Joe’s proudly welcomes you!” Velma changing up her greeting exemplifies which type of generalization gradient?
A. Flat stimulus generalization gradient
B. Steep stimulus generalization gradient
C. Flat response generalization gradient
D. Steep response generalization gradient |
|
Definition
| C. Flat response generalization gradient |
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Term
Emily reads about an error correction procedure conducted in study. The study’s participants remind her of one of her students, so she implements the procedure with the student and obtains the same results. This scenario is an example of _____
A. Direct replication
B. Systematic replication across subjects
C. Systematic replication across variables
D. Systematic replication across settings |
|
Definition
| B. Systematic replication across subjects |
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Term
The dog refused to play with his owner because the dog was lazy. Which type of explanation does this scenario exemplify?
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
|
Definition
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Term
Brendan usually wears funny hats to work because, in the past, he always makes the receptionist laugh. Which type of explanation does this scenario exemplify?
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
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Definition
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Term
Which of these scenarios includes a mediational process to explain behavior?
A. After Christine reads the email from her boss, she processes the information and starts working on the Excel file he mentioned.
B. Ann starts reeling in her catch after feeling a tug on her fishing rod.
C. When Tonya sees her brother walk by, she rolls a piece of paper and throws it at him, causing him to yell at her jokingly.
D. Frankie hears the doorbell ring, so he walks to the door and opens it to find his food delivery has been dropped off. |
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Definition
| A. After Christine reads the email from her boss, she processes the information and starts working on the Excel file he mentioned. (cognitive explanation) |
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Term
Lani greets everyone she meets by saying, “Hey, how’s it going?” Her friends can reliably expect Lani to say the same thing even when she meets someone new. Lani greeting many different people the same exemplifies which type of generalization gradient?
A. Flat stimulus generalization gradient
B. Steep stimulus generalization gradient
C. Flat response generalization gradient
D. Steep response generalization gradient |
|
Definition
| A. Flat stimulus generalization gradient |
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Term
Sherri excused Eddie, causing a scene at the party since, as a Leo, he was used t being the center of attention. Which type of explanation does this scenario exemplify?
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
|
Definition
|
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Term
Lynn’s ADHD often resulted in her quickly changing the subject when it grew uncomfortable, at least according to her. Which type of explanation does this scenario exemplify?
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
|
Definition
|
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Term
Adrienne always avoids the highway on her way to work, allowing her to bypass the heavy morning traffic. Which type of explanation does this scenario exemplify?
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
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Definition
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Term
When the alarm signals it’s time for his lunch break, Charlie stands up and makes himself a ham and cheese sandwich. Charlie always makes the same sandwich daily and never seems tired of it. Charlie making the same sandwich for lunch everyday exemplifies which type of generalization gradient?
A. Flat stimulus generalization gradient
B. Steep stimulus generalization gradient
C. Flat response generalization gradient
D. Steep response generalization gradient |
|
Definition
| D. Steep response generalization gradient |
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Term
Cornelius’s intent was to surprise Natasha for her birthday, but he couldn’t keep her gift hidden. Which type of explanation does this scenario exemplify?
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
|
Definition
|
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Term
Bill is a BCBA working with a teenage learner. Recently, Bill has seen progress toward his learner’s acquisition goals by using the tablet as a reinforcer for a few minutes. However, the learner’s mother would like to fade out using the tablet for long durations. Instead of 5 minutes of tablet time contingent on engaging in a series of target behaviors, Bill decreased the time to 4 minutes and several sessions later to 3 minutes. This scenario is an example of _____
A. Direct replication
B. Systematic replication across subjects
C. Systematic replication across variables
D. Systematic replication across settings |
|
Definition
| C. Systematic replication across variables |
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Term
When Erick opened the umbrella indoors, Jerri frantically urged him to close it, believing it to be terrible luck to open an umbrella inside. Which type of explanation does this scenario exemplify?
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
|
Definition
|
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Term
Joan uses a DRA procedure with her client, Tina. This results in a decrease in problem behavior rates at home. Joan trains Tina’s teacher to implement the procedure and the school and the SLP to use it during their sessions. All the IDT members see similar levels of success. This scenario is an example of _____
A. Direct replication
B. Systematic replication across subjects
C. Systematic replication across variables
D. Systematic replication across settings |
|
Definition
| D. Systematic replication across settings |
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Term
Clair appropriately mands for things she needs and wants with her BCBA, Krystin. However, when Krystin is not at home, Clair does not appropriately mand with her parents. Similarly, Clair does not engage in this behavior at school. Clair only manding with her BCBA exemplifies which type of generalization gradient?
A. Flat stimulus generalization gradient
B. Steep stimulus generalization gradient
C. Flat response generalization gradient
D. Steep response generalization gradient |
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Definition
| B. Steep stimulus generalization gradient |
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Term
Which of the following is an example of a structural definition?
A. Elopement means the client temporarily left the area after receiving a demand, delaying the task.
B. “Hyperactivity” is any time the client feels abnormal or extremely active.
C. Inappropriate gestures involve any response that results in the interruption of a nearby conversation not involving the individual.
D. The client’s “self-stimulatory behavior” includes jumping an inch or more off the ground in bursts of 2-4 times every 10 seconds. |
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Definition
| D. The client’s “self-stimulatory behavior” includes jumping an inch or more off the ground in bursts of 2-4 times every 10 seconds. |
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Term
Leland dialed “0” after he called the customer service number in order to speak to a live representative directly. Which type of explanation does this scenario exemplify?
A. Parsimonious
B. Pseudoscientific
C. Magical
D. Anthropomorphic
E. Teleological
F. Nominal |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?
A. Betty noticed that the employees were parking near the clinic instead of farther away because the spots were not marked as being for “visitors only.”
B. Michelle observed that everyone working in the east wing of the office was sweating and wearing loose clothes. After talking to a few workers, she concluded that something must be wrong with the air conditioning in that part of the building.
C. After working with Jonah for a few weeks, BCBA Jenelle believed that he would master new targets very quickly, given his current trend.
D. Wilbert thought that all exercise was a waste of time and that anyone could stay healthy as long as they ate the right foods. |
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Definition
| D. Wilbert thought that all exercise was a waste of time and that anyone could stay healthy as long as they ate the right foods. |
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Term
BCBA Dennis uses a scorecard with his RBT supervisee and wants to demonstrate its efficacy. After removing the scorecard, Dennis gathers data on his supervisee’s performance and reintroduces it. He continues this over several sessions, indicating a functional relation between using the scorecard and his supervisee’s improved performance. This scenario is an example of _____
A. Direct replication
B. Systematic replication across subjects
C. Systematic replication across variables
D. Systematic replication across settings |
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Definition
|
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Term
When asked why he helped the older woman carry her groceries to the car, Murray replied, “I just decided to help her. It was part of my will, I suppose.” Murray citing his will as the cause of his behavior best exemplifies which assumption?
A. Voluntarism
B. Mechanism
C. Dualism
D. Essentialism |
|
Definition
| A. Voluntarism (reference to “the will”) |
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Term
Nelson and Loretta both manage a collection office. Recently, they have noticed a drastic downturn in production, and the agency is in danger of laying off several workers. Nelson says, “These new Gen Zers’ sense of entitlement makes them so lazy!” Loretta believes that the lack of feedback or prompts may be responsible. Nelson’s statement best exemplifies which assumption?
A. Voluntarism
B. Mechanism
C. Dualism
D. Essentialism |
|
Definition
| D. Essentialism (”sense of entitlement,” i.e., something about their nature) |
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Term
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a behavior-analytic explanation of behavior?
A. Dean’s miserly nature often resulted in him finding ways to spend the least money possible in every situation.
B. Earl had not eaten in several hours, which probably explained why he ate everything in sight when he walked into his mom’s kitchen.
C. Don failed to process the question and asked his date to repeat himself.
D. Cliff’s compassion results in him frequently donating to good causes. |
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Definition
| B. Earl had not eaten in several hours, which probably explained why he ate everything in sight when he walked into his mom’s kitchen. (EO for food) |
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Term
Which of these scenarios exemplifies a state as the cause of behavior?
A. Samantha felt flustered, causing her to forget most of her lines.
B. Joshua’s shadiness often led him to lie when selling products to his customers.
C. Patsy often turned the doorknob a few times after locking out of sheer habit.
D. Tasha called out for her mother by her first name since that usually resulted in her appearing immediately. |
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Definition
| A. Samantha felt flustered, causing her to forget most of her lines. |
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Term
Rather than take a ten-minute break now, Roman decides to continue working and take a much longer break after completing his task. This scenario exemplifies which of the following appearances of “self” in behavior analysis?
A. Self-awareness
B. Self-control
C. Self-management
D. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
| B. Self-control (foregoing immediate, smaller Sr for a delayed, larger Sr) |
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Term
As Edward delivered his lecture, he noticed that if he paused to breathe more or took a sip of water, he tended to speak more slowly. Otherwise, he would stumble over his words because he spoke fast. This scenario exemplifies which of the following appearances of “self” in behavior analysis?
A. Self-awareness
B. Self-control
C. Self-management
D. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
Self-awareness
Not self-management!(the scenario does not say that he arranged his environment, but rather he is tacting his behavior under different circumstances) |
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Term
Jerry is pressed for time and quickly creates his daily to-do list. He wants to complete everything to play his new video game at the end of the day. He tells his co- workers, "I have three tasks to do, and I'll be in the clear!" Jerry’s desire to play his new video game exemplifies P.I.G. functioning as a(n) ________.
A. A motivating operation
B. Two-element operant
C. A discriminative stimulus
D. Instance of verbal behavior |
|
Definition
| A. A motivating operation |
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Term
After finishing my lecture, a student asked me to email her my slides. I said I would and then sent them right after. Saying that I would email my slides and then doing so exemplifies P.I.G. functioning as a(n) ______.
A. A motivating operation
B. Two-element operant
C. Adiscriminativestimulus
D. Instance of verbal behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Scenario A: Mae at the grocery store
Mae notices that her refrigerator is practically empty. Worse of all, the jar of her favorite pickles is almost out. She rushes to the grocery store and thinks about her last time there and where her favorite pickles were. By thinking about it first, she locates the correct aisle.
Scenario B: Tyrone and the popsicle
As a child, Tyrone always heard the same song when he got popsicles from the ice cream truck. Today, his friend handed him a popsicle by the pool, making Tyrone think about the familiar tune. (imagining evoked due to pairing)
Which of the scenarios exemplifies respondent imagining?
A. Scenario A: Mae at the grocery store B. Scenario B: Tyrone and the popsicle
C. Both scenarios
D. Neither scenario |
|
Definition
| B. Scenario B: Tyrone and the popsicle |
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Term
Even though thinking is private behavior, one should not analyze what one cannot see. This
an example of ________’s attitude towards private events.
A. Skinner
B. Baum |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of respondent imagining?
A. Lillie’s sister would always scare her by jumping out from around corners. Later, Lillie flinched when she smelled the same perfume her sister typically wears.
B. After receiving praise from his boss for submitting his report ahead of time, Kristopher makes sure he submits it early again.
C. Danielle finds that her drawings tend to improve she thinks long and hard about what she wants to illustrate. The next time she sits down to draw, she closes her eyes and thinks about her subject.
D. Geneva always played fighting games with her brother. Years later, while listening to the radio, she hears the familiar words “Round one. Fight!” which makes her think of her brother. |
|
Definition
| D. Geneva always played fighting games with her brother. Years later, while listening to the radio, she hears the familiar words “Round one. Fight!” which makes her think of her brother. |
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Term
Josephine kept working on her assignment, taking a longer break for video games after finishing rather than taking 5-10 min breaks between project sections. This scenario exemplifies which of the following appearances of “self” in behavior analysis?
A. Self-awareness
B. Self-control
C. Self-management
D. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
| B. Self-control (foregoing immediate, smaller Sr for a delayed, larger Sr) |
|
|
Term
Which of these scenarios exemplifies an agent as the cause of behavior?
A. Sandhya previously received corrective feedback for her typos, so she double-checked her report this time.
B. Community members often say “Bless you” after someone sneezes as a cultural custom.
C. Mai’s gut told her to call the restaurant to confirm the reservation before driving over
D. Lawrence praised his daughter after she independently cleaned her room since it seemed to work previously. |
|
Definition
| C. Mai’s gut told her to call the restaurant to confirm the reservation before driving over (“the gut” as an agent) |
|
|
Term
Ross set a goal to work out first thing in the morning 3- 4 times a week. He places his gym bag right by the door and his gym clothes on his dresser, ready to go. This scenario exemplifies which of the following appearances of “self” in behavior analysis?
A. Self-awareness
B. Self-control
C. Self-management
D. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
| C. Self-management (arranging his environment to increase the likelihood of the target behavior) |
|
|
Term
BCBA Marty works with a client at the clinic. The client’s mother has stated that her son’s aggression is likely due to him willfully wanting to hurt others. However, Marty shows her the functional assessment results that either exposure to aversive tasks or the unavailability of attention likely caused aggression. Marty’s argument that problem behavior is evoked by a few possible environmental variables best exemplifies which assumption?
A. Voluntarism
B. Mechanism
C. Dualism
D. Essentialism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
As Esther spoke with her friends, she suddenly realized something and thought, “Do I say the word ‘like’ a lot when I speak?” This scenario exemplifies which of the following appearances of “self” in behavior analysis?
A. Self-awareness
B. Self-control
C. Self-management
D. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
| A. Self-awareness (tacting her own behavior) |
|
|
Term
After throughout more old plastic containers and bags, Peggy tells her partner, “That’s it! This year we are going green and using a lot less plastic.” Peggy’s declaration exemplifies P.I.G. functioning as a(n) ______.
A. Motivating operation
B. Two-element operant
C. Discriminative stimulus
D. Instance of verbal behavior |
|
Definition
| D. Instance of verbal behavior |
|
|
Term
After every 25 minutes of working, Long allows himself a 5-minute break to scroll on his phone, stretch, or play with his cat. This scenario exemplifies which of the following appearances of “self” in behavior analysis?
A. Self-awareness
B. Self-control
C. Self-management
D. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
| D. Self-reinforcement (scheduling contact with appetitive stimuli) |
|
|
Term
Which of these scenarios exemplifies an agent as the cause of behavior?
A. Hubert’s ADHD often causes him to jump from topic to topic without warning.
B. Bea was usually very patient, but today she could not calmly handle her son’s tantrums.
C. Austin’s teacher allowed him a break the last time he asked to “take five.” While working on his exam, he raised his hand and asked if he could “take five.”
D. As more calls came in, Sean panicked, which caused him to close out the diagnostic tool on his computer. |
|
Definition
| A. Hubert’s ADHD often causes him to jump from topic to topic without warning. (diagnosis as an agent) |
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of operant imagining?
A. When dust blows into Jared’s eye, he flinches.
B. Jordan tells her coworkers, “Think about all the fun stuff we could be doing instead of being stuck here.” This typically starts a great conversation with them. She continues to do this in the future.
C. Louise misses her puppy at home and thinks about his soft fur and playfulness.
D. Bernie’s grandmother used to bake fresh apple pies at least once a month. After her passing, Bernie passes by a bakery, the smells and sights reminding him of her. |
|
Definition
| C. Louise misses her puppy at home and thinks about his soft fur and playfulness. (imagining evoked due to reinforcement history) |
|
|
Term
Private and public behavior should be analyzed using the same approach. This is an
example of Skinner’s attitude towards private events.
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these scenarios exemplifies a trait as the cause of behavior?
A. Clay’s autism results in him frequently engaging in hand- flapping when overstimulated
B. Overcome with joy, Thomas embraced his wife when she brought him a cup of his favorite sports drink.
C. Krystal avoided the stove when it glowed red after previously burning her hand
D. Shaun’s friends often explained his odd quirks due to his general weirdness |
|
Definition
| D. Shaun’s friends often explained his odd quirks due to his general weirdness |
|
|
Term
To reduce the likelihood of snacking during the day, Sanjay places the bag of chips at the very back of pantry with healthier snacks blocking if from view. This scenario exemplifies which of the following appearances of “self” in behavior analysis?
A. Self-awareness
B. Self-control
C. Self-management
D. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
| C. Self-management (arranged his environment to decrease the likelihood of snacking) |
|
|
Term
Cameron has noticed that his daughter has been lashing out at the family more. Cameron’s partner states that their daughter has always had a feisty nature, but Cameron believes that her mental self is somehow acting through her physical self to treat her family poorly. Cameron’s belief best exemplifies which assumption?
A. Voluntarism
B. Mechanism
C. Dualism
D. Essentialism |
|
Definition
| C. Dualism (“mental self” and “physical self”) |
|
|
Term
Jeanna sets a rule during her longer runs that she cannot sip her sports drink unless 15 minutes of running have passed. This rule is in place until she finishes her run. This scenario exemplifies which of the following appearances of “self” in behavior analysis?
A. Self-awareness
B. Self-control
C. Self-management
D. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
| D. Self-reinforcement (scheduling contact with appetitive stimulus) |
|
|
Term
While working at her desk, Doris remembers that she needs to schedule a dentist appointment soon, but doesn’t have time to do so now. She sets a reminder on her calendar app during her break tomorrow. The next day, Doris’s calendar app rings while she is on her break. The reminder from her calendar app exemplifies P.I.G. functioning as a(n) ______.
A. Motivating operation
B. Two-element operant
C. Discriminative stimulus
D. Instance of verbal behavior |
|
Definition
| C. Discriminative stimulus |
|
|
Term
Which of these scenarios exemplifies a state as the cause of behavior?
A. Amber recalled her previous experience with this caregiver, causing her to avoid behavioral jargon
B. Charlie’s ruthlessness often results in him yelling at his employees when they do not meet expectations.
C. A side effect of Cecil’s medication was drowsiness causing him to reject an offer to go to his friend’s house.
D. The last time he used a scorecard, Niles’s supervisee thanked him, which is why he uses them to this day. |
|
Definition
| C. A side effect of Cecil’s medication was drowsiness causing him to reject an offer to go to his friend’s house. |
|
|
Term
While hanging out with his friends, Hugo informs them he is quitting smoking. He says, “It’s a bad, unhealthy, and expensive habit. I am done with it.” Hugo’s statement that he is done smoking exemplifies P.I.G. functioning as a(n) ______.
A. Motivating operation
B. Two-element operant
C. Discriminative stimulus
D. Instance of verbal behavior |
|
Definition
| D. Instance of verbal behavior |
|
|
Term
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a behavior-analytic explanation of behavior?
A. Caroline previously received praise for including “knowledge checks” in her presentation, so she continued using them in the future.
B. Taylor’s frustration must have caused him to yell at his coworker when she mentioned his upcoming deadline
C. Leo’s mind played a trick on him and caused him to see a shadow in the corner of his eye.
D. Kelli’s timidity often gets in the way of her socializing with others at parties or when she’s out with friends. |
|
Definition
| A. Caroline previously received praise for including “knowledge checks” in her presentation, so she continued using them in the future. (reinforcement history) |
|
|
Term
Which of these scenarios exemplifies a trait as the cause of behavior?
A. Nellie panicked when she heard a loud noise, causing her to run and trip over the cat.
B. Mateo’s cleverness made him a perfect fit to join the escape room team since he could solve most of the puzzles.
C. Donavan selected Alfredo’s Pizza, having enjoyed their calzones the last time he dined there.
D. Darcy’s memory kicked in right on time, as she remembered that her friend lived in the exit coming up. |
|
Definition
| B. Mateo’s cleverness made him a perfect fit to join the escape room team since he could solve most of the puzzles. |
|
|
Term
Monique got off the highway two exits before her clinic because, in the past, she usually experienced a lot of traffic delays but faced a lot less when she took the back roads to work. Monique avoiding the highway due to her experience best exemplifies which assumption?
A. Determinism
B. Voluntarism
C. Mechanism
D. Dualism
E. Essentialism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Britta needs to study for her final exam, needing a high score to pass the class. She tells her friend Annie, “No more goofing off. I’m going to sit here and do flashcard drills for at least an hour.” Britta proceeds to pull out her flashcard set and practices reciting definitions of keywords. Britta saying that she would practice with her flashcards and following through exemplifies P.I.G. functioning as a(n) ______.
A. Motivating operation
B. Two-element operant
C. Discriminative stimulus
D. Instance of verbal behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
After several semesters of working on nothing but his dissertation, Felix eagerly submits potential defense dates to his committee. He tells his friend, “I’ve been thinking about this day for so long that I can’t believe it’s here. I’m almost at the finish line! All I need to do is defend, and I’m done.” Felix wanting to finish his program and defend his dissertation exemplifies P.I.G. functioning as a(n) ______.
A. Motivating operation
B. Two-element operant
C. Discriminative stimulus
D. Instance of verbal behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of an agent causing behavior?
A. Marco’s yelling is maintained by peer attention as determined by the results of a functional analysis.
B. Joe was born with a spinal cord injury and must use a wheelchair to get around.
C. Sue-Ellen’s mother does not allow her to go to the movies with her friends. Her gut tells her that Sue- Ellen is just not mature enough for this activity yet.
D. Every time the teacher reprimands Nelson in class, his “talking back” increases and gets louder. |
|
Definition
| C. Sue-Ellen’s mother does not allow her to go to the movies with her friends. Her gut tells her that Sue-Ellen is just not mature enough for this activity yet. |
|
|
Term
Katie is always selected first when picking basketball teams because she has tenacity and therefore scores more frequently. This scenario is an example of a trait used to explain behavior.
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With Christmas around the corner, Jolene was in a happy mood, and decided to volunteer at the school. This scenario is an example of a state used to explain behavior.
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of a state causing behavior?
C. Danny sat in the corner sulking because he was sad.
A. Janet takes her dog out to play fetch because she is a good-natured person.
B. Keira picks the self-checkout at the grocery store because in the past the line has moved quicker.
C. Danny sat in the corner sulking because he was sad.
D. Mike interrupts his co-worker when they are talking because he is an impatient person. |
|
Definition
| C. Danny sat in the corner sulking because he was sad. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a behavior-analytic explanation of behavior?
A. Fin says his name twice in response to the question, “what’s your name” because in the past, adults would cuddle him and tell him how cute he is.
B. Elsie often misses appointments because she is flaky.
C. Javi earned a full scholarship to college because he is
dedicated. |
|
Definition
| A. Fin says his name twice in response to the question, “what’s your name” because in the past, adults would cuddle him and tell him how cute he is. |
|
|
Term
Patrick notices his 3-mile run is slower when he gets less than 7 hours of sleep the night before. This scenario is an example of which of the following appearances of “self” in behavior analysis?
A. Self-awareness
B. Self-control
C. Self-management
D. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Carrie went shopping for a new bike, only after she accomplished her goal of riding her current bike 4 days a week for 1 year. This scenario is an example of which of the following appearances of “self” in behavior analysis?
A. Self-awareness
B. Self-control
C. Self-management
D. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Roman will eat chips if he sees chips. When chips are in the house, he will consume them within a day or two, which has led to health issues. Roman decides to stop buying chips. This scenario is an example of which of the following appearances of “self” in behavior analysis?
A. Self-awareness
B. Self-control
C. Self-management
D. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Margaret wants to keep her house cleaner, she begins assigning one cleaning task to each week, and adds another task every week until she reaches one cleaning task per day. This scenario is an example of which of the following appearances of “self” in behavior analysis?
A. Self-awareness
B. Self-control
C. Self-management
D. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Jimmy hates completing table tasks in the classroom. His teacher presented a lengthy assignment and told Jimmy to get started. Jimmy immediately began to punch the teacher and was sent to time out. His teacher states that Jimmy intended to punch her to get out of the task. Jimmy promises to never hit the teacher again. The teacher says that he better not hit her again if he wants access to the treasure box. Being told to get started is an example of:
A. A motivating operation
B. Say-do correspondence
C. A discriminative stimulus
D. Intention |
|
Definition
| A. A motivating operation |
|
|
Term
My advisor told me to get a draft of the paper to her by Friday. I agreed to meet that timeline. On Thursday I had every intention of starting the paper, but I couldn’t find the time. Friday morning, I apologized and promised to do better, but my advisor told me that I needed to arrange my environment such that I can respond more effectively rather than state my intentions. If I had turned in the paper by Friday, that would have been an example of:
A. A motivating operation
B. Say-do correspondence
C. A discriminative stimulus
D. Intention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Someone mentions pie and John imagines the smell of his mother’s homemade apple pie.
respondent imagining
operant imagining
A motivating operation
Say-do correspondence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of respondent imagining?
A. Max’s parents smoked cigarettes throughout his childhood. Whenever he smokes cigars with the partners at his work, he thinks about his mom.
B. When dust blew into Betsy’s eye, she winced.
C. Willa gets a glass from the cupboard and fills it with
water.
D. James misses his mom and can practically hear her laugh when he thinks about the last long conversation he had with her |
|
Definition
| A. Max’s parents smoked cigarettes throughout his childhood. Whenever he smokes cigars with the partners at his work, he thinks about his mom. |
|
|
Term
Which is an example of an agent causing behavior?
a. Marco yells more when there are others around to see him.
b. Joe was born with a spinal cord injury and uses a wheelchair
to get around.
c. Every time the teacher reprimands Nelson in class, his “talking
back” increases and gets louder.
d. Sue-Ellen’s mother does not allow her to go to the movies with
her friends. Her gut tells her that Sue-Ellen is just not mature enough for this activity yet. |
|
Definition
| d. Sue-Ellen’s mother does not allow her to go to the movies with her friends. Her gut tells her that Sue-Ellen is just not mature enough for this activity yet. |
|
|
Term
The student raised their hand because the teacher asked a question (auditory stimulus).
a. Voluntarism
b. Determinism
c. Mechanism
d. Dualism
e. Essentialism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Something caused the student to raise their hand.
a. Voluntarism
b. Determinism
c. Mechanism
d. Dualism
e. Essentialism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Jay often refers to himself as the agent, or cause, of his behavior. For example, when asked why he helped the older lady carry her groceries to the car, he simply replied with, “it’s part of my morals and values to help the vulnerable”.
a. Voluntarism
b. Determinism
c. Mechanism
d. Dualism
e. Essentialism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
It was in the nature of the student to raise their hand often.
a. Voluntarism
b. Determinism
c. Mechanism
d. Dualism
e. Essentialism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The mind of the student knew the answer, and caused the student to raise their hand.
a. Voluntarism
b. Determinism
c. Mechanism
d. Dualism
e. Essentialism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is an example of a state?
a. Samantha felt flustered, causing her to forget most of her lines.
b. Joshua’s shadiness often led him to lie when selling products to his customers.
c. Patsy often turned the doorknob a few times after locking out of sheer habit.
d. Tasha called out for her mother by her first name since that usually resulted in her appearing immediately. |
|
Definition
| a. Samantha felt flustered, causing her to forget most of her lines. |
|
|
Term
Which is an example of a trait?
a. Tanya threw all her belongings because the situation made her angry.
b. Mona arrives at the school 10 minutes early because in the past when she showed up on time there were never any parking spots left.
c. Mom runs through the fast-food drive-thru on the way home because all the kids are starving.
d. Marg tells people that she is really good at snowboarding tricks because she is very creative. |
|
Definition
| d. Marg tells people that she is really good at snowboarding tricks because she is very creative. |
|
|
Term
Which is an example of a state?
a. Janet takes her dog out to play fetch because she is a good- natured person.
b. Danny sat in the corner sulking because he was sad.
c. Keira picks the self-checkout at the grocery store because in the past the line has moved quicker.
d. Mike interrupts his co-worker when they are talking because he is an impatient person. |
|
Definition
| b. Danny sat in the corner sulking because he was sad. |
|
|
Term
Carrie went shopping for a new bike, only after she accomplished her goal of riding her current bike 4 days a week for 1 year.
This is an example of which:
a. Self-awareness
b. Self-control
c. Self-management
d. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
d. Self-reinforcement
Note: Behavior-Consequence. |
|
|
Term
Roman stops eating candy at home but allows himself to get dessert once a week at his favorite restaurant.
This is an example of which:
a. Self-awareness
b. Self-control
c. Self-management
d. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
b. Self-control
Note: Smaller-sooner vs. larger-later. |
|
|
Term
Patton puts a slice of pie at the edge of the pool. Whenever he completes a lap (desired behavior), he gets to take a bite of pie. “I just remember I’m swimming’ towards pie!”
This is an example of which:
a. Self-awareness
b. Self-control
c. Self-management
d. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
d. Self-reinforcement
Note: Behavior-Consequence. |
|
|
Term
The child chose to wait 10 mins for 2 marshmallows rather than take a single marshmallow right now.
This is an example of which:
a. Self-awareness
b. Self-control
c. Self-management
d. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
b. Self-control
Note: Smaller-sooner vs. larger-later. |
|
|
Term
If Jacob works for 30 minutes, he takes a 10-minute break. If he does this for 2 hours he gets a longer 20-minute break.
This is an example of which:
a. Self-awareness
b. Self-control
c. Self-management
d. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
d. Self-reinforcement
Note: Behavior-Consequence. |
|
|
Term
Rather than take a ten-minute break now, Roman decides to continue working and take a much longer break after completing his task.
This is an example of which:
a. Self-awareness
b. Self-control
c. Self-management
d. Self-reinforcement |
|
Definition
b. Self-control
Note: Smaller-sooner vs. larger-later. |
|
|
Term
The student says “I will finish my paper by next week!”
What does this function as?
a. A motivating operation
b. Say-correspondence
c. A discriminative stimulus
d. Verbal Behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ellie says, “I will file my taxes by Monday so I can get my return by Friday.”
What does this function as?
a. A motivating operation
b. Say-correspondence
c. A discriminative stimulus
d. VerbalBehavior |
|
Definition
| a. A motivating operation |
|
|
Term
Which is an example of operant imagining?
a. Whenever James cooks dinner, the dog sits there watching and salivating
b. Nelly sees a dog and imagines her dog they she had when she was a child
c. Vincent sits down to paint, closes his eyes, and imagines a sunflower
d. Mario’s dog runs into the street and Mario is paranoid and will not take the dog for a walk on a busy street |
|
Definition
| c. Vincent sits down to paint, closes his eyes, and imagines a sunflower |
|
|
Term
Drew is bored at work and starts daydreaming about the last time he’d been to the beach.
respondent imagining
operant imagining
A motivating operation
Say-do correspondence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tobias mentions puppies and Jacob imagines the sight of his own puppies at home.
respondent imagining
operant imagining
A motivating operation
Say-do correspondence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Joshua calls his wife in panic because he cannot find his wallet. She imagines the room before she left and is able to see the wallet on the dresser in her head. She tells him it is on the dresser.
respondent imagining
operant imagining
A motivating operation
Say-do correspondence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is an example of respondent imagining?
a. Max’s parents smoked cigarettes throughout his childhood. Whenever he hears his mom’s voice on the phone, he thinks about the smell of cigarette smoke.
b. When dust blew into Betsy’s eye, she winced.
c. Willa gets a glass from the cupboard and fills it with water.
d. James misses his mom and can practically hear her laugh when he thinks about the last long conversation he had with her |
|
Definition
| a. Max’s parents smoked cigarettes throughout his childhood. Whenever he hears his mom’s voice on the phone, he thinks about the smell of cigarette smoke. |
|
|
Term
Someone mentions pie and John imagines the smell of his mother’s homemade apple pie.
respondent imagining
operant imagining
A motivating operation
Say-do correspondence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Jacob forgot to take attendance, so he visualized the faces of the folks who were present so he could enter grades.
respondent imagining
operant imagining
A motivating operation
Say-do correspondence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Megan hears a dog bark and imagines her own dog.
respondent imagining
operant imagining
A motivating operation
Say-do correspondence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Even though thinking is private behavior, one should not analyze what one cannot see.
Whose attitude does this describe?
a. Skinner
b. Baum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Issues of private events should be analyzed in terms of antecedents and consequences.
Whose attitude does this describe?
a. Skinner b. Baum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
On a large enough timeline, private events become irrelevant.
Whose attitude does this describe?
a. Skinner
b. Baum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Private and public behavior should be analyzed using the same approach.
Whose attitude does this describe?
a. Skinner
b. Baum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Skinner:
a. Believed that private events are part of the causal chain for behavior
b. Focused on expanding the timeframe when assessing behavior
c. Took a more positivistic approach than Baum
d. Considered private events through the environment and individual’s prior history |
|
Definition
| d. Considered private events through the environment and individual’s prior history |
|
|
Term
Baum:
a. Conceptualized behavior through molecular reinforcement
b. Believed that private events do not exist
c. Took a positivistic approach to private events
d. Believed that considering private events moved the field towards monism |
|
Definition
| c. Took a positivistic approach to private events |
|
|
Term
Psychology is the scientific study of consciousness. Whose perspective on consciousness does this describe?
A. Wundt
B. James
C. Freud
D. Watson |
|
Definition
A. Wundt
• Wilhelm Wundt
– Founder of Psychology
• Psychology = study of consciousness
• Studied through introspection (looking inward) |
|
|
Term
Consciousness is irrelevant to the study of behavior. Whose perspective on consciousness does this describe?
A. Wundt
B. James
C. Freud
D. Watson |
|
Definition
D. Watson
• John Watson
• Consciousness is a mentalistic idea
• Introspection is subjective not necessarily representative |
|
|
Term
Consciousness may be measured in terms of behaviors, such as engagement in social activities. This statement is characteristic of consciousness in which of the following fields?
A. Methodological behaviorism
B. Cognitive science
C. Neuroscience
D. General Psychology
E. Psychoanalysis |
|
Definition
A. Methodological behaviorism
Operationalized in terms of behavior used to measure it |
|
|
Term
Most activities that occur as a result of brain activity occur outside of consciousness. This statement is characteristic of consciousness in which of the following fields?
A. Methodological behaviorism
B. Cognitive science
C. Neuroscience
D. General Psychology
E. Psychoanalysis |
|
Definition
C. Neuroscience
Related to only 5% of actions, other % beyond awareness |
|
|
Term
Charles stated that his playful way of giving feedback often annoyed some people. This
scenario exemplifies consciousness from which behavioral perspective?
A. Awareness of circumstances
B. Social awareness
C. Self-awareness
D. Mindfulness
E. Theory of Mind |
|
Definition
| C. Self-awareness-tacting how actions affect others |
|
|
Term
Even though the cheese dips looked incredible, Eva tells her husband that avoiding dairy products will result in her having less bloating later. This scenario exemplifies consciousness from which behavioral perspective?
A. Awareness of circumstances
B. Social awareness
C. Self-awareness
D. Mindfulness
E. Theory of Mind |
|
Definition
| Awareness of circumstances – tacting contingencies related to own actions |
|
|
Term
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies social awareness?
A. Dean stayed quiet during the presentation to avoid appearing rude to his classmates.
B. Perry states that she gives frequent feedback to her employees because it often makes them feel better about their performance.
C. Claire says, “If I work on my project for 30 minutes daily, I’ll be much less stressed as I approach the deadline.” |
|
Definition
A. Dean stayed quiet during the presentation to avoid appearing rude to his classmates.
(Social awareness – following social rules) |
|
|
Term
After taking his allergy medication, Chester repeats to himself, “I took my med. It is 9:00 AM.” Repeating his behavior and the times of day helps Chester to take his medicine and avoid accidentally doubling up. This scenario exemplifies which of the following?
A. Awareness of circumstances
B. Social awareness
C. Self-awareness
D. Mindfulness
E. Theory of Mind |
|
Definition
D. Mindfulness
Responding to one’s behavior, rearranging private or public environment |
|
|
Term
Sharon knows that bringing up the horrible ending to Audrey’s favorite show often makes
Audrey feel terrible. Sharon avoids bringing up the show’s series finale in conversation. This scenario exemplifies _____.
A. Awareness of circumstances
B. Social awareness
C. Self-awareness
D. Mindfulness
E. Theory of Mind |
|
Definition
E. Theory of Mind
Tacting circumstances leading to differing points of view |
|
|
Term
Thomas is one of a dozen students in Romy’s classroom. Romy has reported that Thomas frequently engages in problem behavior,
including aggression and property destruction. Often, he’ll engage in this behavior when Romy or one of the paraprofessionals assists a nearby student rather than Thomas. Thomas also engages in this behavior when given challenging classwork. Which of the following is a cognitive explanation for Thomas’s behavior?
A. Presenting non-preferred tasks evokes Thomas’s problem behavior and sometimes results in escape.
B. Thomas sometimes experiences overstimulation, which presents itself as aggression or property destruction.
C. The nonavailability of attention may evoke aggression.
D. If Thomas’s problem behavior occurs in various scenarios, it may be multi-functional or maintained by automatic reinforcement. |
|
Definition
| B. Thomas sometimes experiences overstimulation, which presents itself as aggression or property destruction. (this explanation is not behavior-analytic and assumes a process is occurring) |
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Term
Ken turns in his behavior plans a week before they're due. When he sees the deadline is seven weeks away, he plans to submit a rough draft to his supervisor three weeks later, giving her sufficient time to edit. She often thanks him for his timeliness. Which of the following is a radical behaviorist explanation for Ken turning in his reports early?
A. Ken’s mind works differently than most and thus can organize and prioritize tasks differently
B. His supervisor has previously provided positive feedback for submitting his reports on time
C. Ken processes tasks quickly and can get through them at a rapid pace
D. He has an excellent work ethic, which is evident in his quick turnaround |
|
Definition
| B. His supervisor has previously provided positive feedback for submitting his reports on time |
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Term
Jean is learning French from his aunt, who fluently speaks the language. He has previously learned to tact a table when he sees one. He learns from his aunt that the word table in French is “tableau.” When he gets home, he sees a table and says, “C’est un tableau.” This scenario exemplifies which of the following?
A. Reflexivity
B. Symmetry
C. Transitivity |
|
Definition
| C. Transitivity (directly taught “table” = physical table, “table” = “tableau”, derives physical table = “tableau” |
|
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Term
Which of the following is an example of rule-governed behavior?
A. While cooking dinner, Ramona touched the handle of the cast-iron skillet and burned her hand. She avoids touching it directly the next time she cooks.
B. As Danielle walked away without cleaning after her dog, she received a dirty look from a neighbor. She turned around and used a bag to clean up her dog’s waste.
C. Miles’s teacher provides attention when he speaks up in class. This has led to a decrease in Miles raising his hand.
D. Tom was told that putting 10% of his money in a savings account every paycheck would let him go on many vacations when he retired. Tom reliably puts 10% of his biweekly pay into a savings account. |
|
Definition
| D. Tom was told that putting 10% of his money in a savings account every paycheck would let him go on many vacations when he retired. Tom reliably puts 10% of his biweekly pay into a savings account. |
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Term
Alex has learned to request toys from his brother, Abe, by asking, “Share?” In the past, Alex previously took toys from Abe without asking and often pushed or threw something at Abe. One day, Alex asks Abe to share, but Abe turns away. Alex shoves his brother and takes the toy for the first time in months. This scenario exemplifies which of the following?
A. Mindfulness
B. Theory of mind
C. Lag schedule
D. Resurgence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lyle avoids parking in the first three spots near the elevator. The last time he did this, his car was towed as those spots belonged to the unaffiliated offices rather than the clinic upstairs. This scenario exemplifies which of the following?
A. Mindfulness
B. Theory of mind
C. Contingency-shaped behavior
D. Rule-governed behavior |
|
Definition
| C. Contingency-shaped behavior |
|
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Term
Before heading to the gym, Wilson privately recites “water bottle, change of clothes, and headphones” to himself. This increases the likelihood that he will bring those items with him. This scenario exemplifies which of the following?
A. Mindfulness
B. Theory of mind
C. Lag schedule
D. Resurgence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Nancy pointed out that her nodding multiple times often made people think she was intently listening to them. This scenario exemplifies consciousness from which behavioral perspective?
A. Awareness of circumstances
B. Social awareness
C. Self-awareness
D. Mindfulness
E. Theory of Mind |
|
Definition
| C. Self-awareness-tacting how actions affect others |
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Term
Consciousness exists in states of being, such as alertness or wakefulness. This statement is characteristic of consciousness in which of the following fields?
A. Methodological behaviorism
B. Cognitive science
C. Neuroscience
D. General psychology
E. Psychoanalysis |
|
Definition
| D. General psychology Interested in states, traits (e.g., dreaming, meditative, drug-induced) |
|
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Term
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies awareness of circumstances?
A. Lora recognized that her habit of always saying what was on her mind often made people think she was rude.
B. Louise sighed and acknowledged that she would have a less busy afternoon if she got her workout done now.
C. Sammy extended her hand and introduced herself as ”Samantha” instead of her nickname “Sammy,” as she normally did when introducing herself to a new client. |
|
Definition
| B. Louise sighed and acknowledged that she would have a less busy afternoon if she got her workout done now. (Awareness of circumstances – tacting contingencies related to own actions) |
|
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Term
The conscious and unconscious are relevant and have structural (the id, ego, and superego) and functional distinctions. Whose perspective on consciousness does this describe?
A. Wundt
B. James
C. Freud
D. Watson |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Madeline and her partner, Janice, often argue about chores. Janice prefers to write checklists and plan everything down to time allotment. Whereas Madeline likes to tackle things as they arise and is constantly stressed by Janice’s excessive planning. Which of the following is a radical behaviorist explanation for Madeline and/or Janice’s behavior?
A. Madeline is a type B personality, and Janice is type A, explaining their preferences.
B. Janice needs a checklist to process tasks, whereas Madeline does not.
C. Madeline’s laid-back attitude conflicts with Janice’s anxiety.
D. Janice’s self-management intervention has been helpful in the past. |
|
Definition
| D. Janice’s self-management intervention has been helpful in the past. |
|
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Term
Even though Whitney often tells crude jokes with her friends, she realized that doing so in front of her group of new coworkers may draw a lot of raised eyebrows. This scenario exemplifies consciousness from which behavioral perspective?
A. Awareness of circumstances
B. Social awareness
C. Self-awareness
D. Mindfulness
E. Theory of Mind |
|
Definition
| B. Social awareness - following social rules |
|
|
Term
When grocery shopping, Matt privately repeats his shopping list to ensure he doesn’t
forget any items. This scenario exemplifies which of the following?
A. Awareness of circumstances
B. Social awareness
C. Self-awareness
D. Mindfulness
E. Theory of Mind |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an example of contingency-shaped behavior?
A. Hugh went to the new restaurant despite never being there after his friend, Flo, highly recommended it.
B. Janet was scolded by her boss for submitting a report without reviewing it for typos first. Now she diligently reviews reports before submitting them.
C. Leonardo’s supervisor informed him that if Leonardo arrived on time for the next three meetings, the supervisor would complete a work task for him.
D. Gio avoids opening umbrellas indoors because he was once told it may cause bad luck. |
|
Definition
| B. Janet was scolded by her boss for submitting a report without reviewing it for typos first. Now she diligently reviews reports before submitting them. |
|
|
Term
Douglas has multiple tattoos. His grandmother disproves all of them. Douglas recognizes that his grandmother likely believes this because she had been taught that tattoos were distasteful as part of her own upbringing. This scenario exemplifies which of the following?
A. Awareness of circumstances
B. Social awareness
C. Self-awareness
D. Mindfulness
E. Theory of Mind |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Consciousness is an activity, not a “thing”. Whose perspective on consciousness does this describe?
A. Wundt
B. James
C. Freud
D. Watson |
|
Definition
B. James
• William James
– Father of American Psychology
• Consciousness is an activity (stream of consciousness) |
|
|
Term
Instead of staying up late to binge-watch her favorite show, Courtney went to bed since it would likely result in a much more leisurely morning. This scenario exemplifies consciousness from which behavioral perspective?
A. Awareness of circumstances
B. Social awareness
C. Self-awareness
D. Mindfulness
E. Theory of Mind |
|
Definition
| A. Awareness of circumstances – tacting contingencies related to own actions |
|
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Term
As Belinda played with her cousins, she ran inside and noticed a crowd of people speaking quietly. She immediately stopped yelling and walked silently to the kitchen. This scenario exemplifies consciousness from which behavioral perspective?
A. Awareness of circumstances
B. Social awareness
C. Self-awareness
D. Mindfulness
E. Theory of Mind |
|
Definition
| B. Social awareness - following social rules |
|
|
Term
Stan just started working at a toy store. A coworker hands him a box of action figures and tells him to place them on the shelf. Despite never seeing these action figures before, he places each figure with its identical one already on the shelf. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
A. Reflexivity
B. Symmetry
C. Transitivity |
|
Definition
| A. Reflexivity (action figure = identical action figure without direct instruction) |
|
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Term
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies self- awareness?
A. Mabel told her date that her excessive eye contact has made people nervous.
B. Kari says leaving 10 minutes early for an appointment gives her time if she gets lost.
C. Norma made sure to stay at least an arm’s distance away from the people around her in line rather than stand too close. |
|
Definition
| A. Mabel told her date that her excessive eye contact has made people nervous. (Self-awareness – tacting how actions affect others) |
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Term
After attending his first football, Edward’s friend Reggie tells him that he must wear the same green jersey he wore the first time because “doing or wearing something different would make the team lose.” Edward wears the same green jersey as last time. This scenario exemplifies which of the following?
A. Mindfulness
B. Theory of mind
C. Contingency-shaped behavior
D. Rule-governed behavior |
|
Definition
| D. Rule-governed behavior |
|
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Term
Because of a lack of affirmation from her father, Kelly unconsciously dates people who seem distant and cold. This statement is characteristic of consciousness in which of the following fields?
A. Methodological behaviorism
B. Cognitive science
C. Neuroscience
D. General Psychology
E. Psychoanalysis |
|
Definition
E. Psychoanalysis
Different levels, actions associated with each (conscious, sub-, un-) |
|
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Term
Daryl’s friend Somsak recently emigrated from Thailand. Somsak informed Daryl that shaking hands is not common in his country. As such, Daryl politely waves when greeting Somsak. This scenario exemplifies which of the following?
A. Awareness of circumstances
B. Social awareness
C. Self-awareness
D. Mindfulness
E. Theory of Mind |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Consciousness is simply a product of the brain’s function. This statement is characteristic of consciousness in which of the following fields?
A. Methodological behaviorism
B. Cognitive science
C. Neuroscience
D. General Psychology
E. Psychoanalysis |
|
Definition
B. Cognitive science
Natural product of brain’s functioning |
|
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Term
Kristina is teaching her student to identify items around the room but notices that he always labels the same things in the same order. To earn a token, the student needs to label items in a different order than his previous attempt. This scenario exemplifies which of the following?
A. Mindfulness
B. Theory of mind
C. Lag schedule
D. Resurgence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Leah is teaching Rosa to manage the shared admin email account during Rosa’s designated days. Leah instructs to file emails about the “Introduction” course under Jamal’s folder as he handles those messages. During her first shift, Rosa opens the account and sees that Jamal’s folder was open by default. She states that all these emails are about the “Introduction” course. This scenario exemplifies which of the following?
A. Reflexivity
B. Symmetry
C. Transitivity |
|
Definition
| B. Symmetry (directly taught ”Introduction” emails = Jamal’s folder, derives Jamal’s folder = all “Introduction” emails |
|
|
Term
Most activities that occur as a result of brain activity, occur outside of
consciousness.
A. Methodological behaviorism
B. Cognitive science
C. Neuroscience
D. General psychology
E. Psychoanalysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Luan engages in intense stereotypy when his mother is present. Which of the following is a cognitive explanation for Luan’s stereotypy?
A. He loves his mother and the sight of her causes his brain to send signals to his body on how to express his excitement and joy of seeing
B. In the past Luan’s mother has approached Luan and ask if they are alright when the stereotypy occurs |
|
Definition
| A. He loves his mother and the sight of her causes his brain to send signals to his body on how to express his excitement and joy of seeing |
|
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Term
Hilde has started a new job at a florist. They just received a shipment of lilies, and her boss tells her to stock the flowers with the others. Hilde doesn’t know what kind of flowers they are but she puts the flowers with those that look identical.
A. Reflexivity
B. Symmetry
C. Transitivity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Krissy puts the Fruit Loops boxes with the label that says “Fruit Loops” when stocking the shelves at her work. When fulfilling an online order she sees “Fruit
Loops” and goes and grabs one of the cereal boxes.
A. Reflexivity
B. Symmetry
C. Transitivity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Spencer, who is fluent in his native language English (and has previously learned to tact “ball”), has been learning Spanish as a second language. In Spanish class, Spencer has been taught to say the Spanish word “pelota” when he encounters the English word “ball.” Now, when he is at home, he sees an actual ball and says “pelota.”
A. Reflexivity
B. Symmetry
C. Transitivity |
|
Definition
|
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Term
A dog that barks loudly for attention has been ignored for barking and instead accesses attention only when hitting a bell. This reduced barking quickly, but after a while the owner stopped attending to the dog when they hit the bell and now barking has reached rates similar to baseline measures. This is an example of resurgence.
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following an example of a value coming from the perspective of a radical behaviorist?
A. Marian claims that her manager yells at the employees at work because the manager has a long history of employees working faster or harder after he yelled, resulting in the behavior repeating itself.
B. Alexis claims that her manager yells at the employees because he was a ruthless person that expected the job done a certain way.
C. Ervin claims that his manager yells at the employees because he has a very “old school mentality”
D. Theodore claims that his manager yells at the employees because he has a huge ego. |
|
Definition
| A. Marian claims that her manager yells at the employees at work because the manager has a long history of employees working faster or harder after he yelled, resulting in the behavior repeating itself. |
|
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Term
We should sit down and discuss differences before we make harsh statements about other religions. This scenario is an example of which of the following levels of moral and ethical behavior?
A. Within oneself
B. Between individuals (behavior analysts and clients)
C. Between individuals and cultural entities
D. Between cultural entities |
|
Definition
| D. Between cultural entities |
|
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Term
I should be honest. This scenario is an example of which of the following levels of moral and ethical behavior?
A. Within oneself
B. Between individuals (behavior analysts and clients)
C. Between individuals and cultural entities
D. Between cultural entities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
I should follow the guidelines for responsible conduct for a behavior analyst. This scenario is an example of which of the following levels of moral and ethical behavior?
A. Within oneself
B. Between individuals (behavior analysts and clients)
C. Between individuals and cultural entities
D. Between cultural entities |
|
Definition
| C. Between individuals and cultural entities |
|
|
Term
I should be totally honest with my client about the expectations. This scenario is an example of which of the following levels of moral and ethical behavior?
A. Within oneself
B. Between individuals (behavior analysts and clients)
C. Between individuals and cultural entities
D. Between cultural entities |
|
Definition
| B. Between individuals (behavior analysts and clients) |
|
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Term
Marnie, the behavior analyst, tells the client’s caregivers about variables in the environment and how this impacts behavior. The parents ask how the weather, plants, or wind could impact their child’s behavior.
A. Conflicts with everyday use
B. Conflicts over precision among behavior analysts
C. Creates confusion when communicating with non-behaviorists |
|
Definition
| A. Conflicts with everyday use |
|
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Term
One BCBA remarked to another that their client had not wanted any of the toys they usually played with. The other BCBA said “They may have been satiated with those toys.”
A. Conflicts with everyday use
B. Conflicts over precision among behavior analysts
C. Creates confusion when communicating with non-behaviorists |
|
Definition
| B. Conflicts over precision among behavior analysts |
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of an absolutists view on moral and ethical codes?
A. Engaging in aggression is never justified
B. In some situations, engaging in aggression may be
necessary
C. Under some circumstances, accepting a small token of
appreciation is less damaging to the professional
relationship with a client than a refusal of such a gift D. Given certain circumstances, it is appropriate for a
behavior analyst to use their skills to help the immediate need of another person even if the behavior analyst’s scope of practice is in a different area |
|
Definition
| A. Engaging in aggression is never justified |
|
|
Term
Currently, the extinction phase of the intervention is in place, the behavior analyst notices that the behavior occurred twice during the session. The behavior analyst lets the caregiver know that sometimes this can happen during the extinction phase and that this is simply spontaneous recovery. The caregiver does not understand what this means.
A. Conflicts with everyday use
B. Conflicts over precision among behavior analysts
C. Creates confusion when communicating with non-behaviorists |
|
Definition
| C. Creates confusion when communicating with non-behaviorists |
|
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Term
The behavior analyst claimed that the client continuing to engage in minor, nuisance behavior was "simply part of his personality" and did not need to be targeted as part of the behavior program. Which of the following examples is the best self-edit?
A. The client has a long reinforcement history of engaging in this behavior, and stakeholders have not indicated that it should be targeted for decrease
B. The client's nuisance behavior has been ingrained in the environment, and targeting it would be detrimental to his well- being
C. Because of the long history of engaging in the nuisance behavior, the client is unlikely to be motivated to change |
|
Definition
| A. The client has a long reinforcement history of engaging in this behavior, and stakeholders have not indicated that it should be targeted for decrease |
|
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Term
Once you have a science of human behavior and discover that behavior is caused by environmental antecedents, then you no longer have a need to look inside the organism for causes of behavior. This is an example of Skinner’s view of private events related to the philosophy of behaviorism.
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is the preferred explanation of Andy’s values about academic work from the perspective of radical behaviorism?
Andy believes academic work is fulfilling
Andy contacted many favorable experiences and outcomes from academic work, and continues to speak highly of these endeavors
Andy’s values align with the behavior required for rigorous academic work
Andy learned the value academic work |
|
Definition
| Andy contacted many favorable experiences and outcomes from academic work, and continues to speak highly of these endeavors |
|
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Term
Which is an example of moral and ethical behavior on the level between individuals and cultural entities?
Juan also believe he should always act with integrity
Juan feels that his organization needed to hold up their duties to serve their customers.
Prioritizing duty means he always follows through when he offers to help a friend.
His sense of duty also means he volunteers with the fire department, because he owes it to his community. |
|
Definition
| His sense of duty also means he volunteers with the fire department, because he owes it to his community. |
|
|
Term
Which is an absolutist position?
Avoid yelling, unless it is an emergency
Never kill an animal, unless it is mortally wounded
One should always put family first
Always uphold confidentiality, but you may share details if ordered by a court of law |
|
Definition
| One should always put family first |
|
|
Term
Where did Skinner stand on the mind-body issue?
Qualitative experiences are unexplained by physical phenomena
Ideas of the “mind” are just instance of verbal behavior
Mind and body are separate
Behavior can explain what happens in the mind |
|
Definition
| Ideas of the “mind” are just instance of verbal behavior |
|
|
Term
Which is an example of conflict over precision?
Bree says “he can’t discriminate between FA conditions” her colleague says, “there is no evidence of discrimination”
Dee says, “When reinforcing successive approximations, we can use percentile schedules to be more systematic with our reinforcement criteria.” Parent blinks slowly. |
|
Definition
| Bree says “he can’t discriminate between FA conditions” her colleague says, “there is no evidence of discrimination” |
|
|
Term
Charlie was transitioning his client to another RBT at the center. At first, Charlie thought to say, “The client isn’t in a great mood.” What would be a good self edit when transitioning to another technician?
”He’s just a little ornery”
“His behavior is erratic today”
“Tasks seem a bit more aversive than usual”
“He doesn’t seem to want to work” |
|
Definition
| “Tasks seem a bit more aversive than usual” |
|
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Term
Renan always chooses to go home via Market St. instead of Main St. because in the past it took him 10 extra minutes to go the Main St. route. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism?
Determinism
Selectionism
Scientific skepticism
Empiricism
Parsimony |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Nelson’s mom claims that his tantrums appear out of nowhere and are very random. The BCBA tells mom that although it seems random, all behavior has a cause, it will be a matter of assessing the tantrums to try to determine that cause. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism?
Determinism
Selectionism
Scientific skepticism
Empiricism
Parsimony |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tina is using self-monitoring and self-management to meet her exercise goals. Even though Tina feels better as a result of exercising, she insists on graphing her data daily and assessing the graph to measure her progress towards her goals. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism?
Determinism
Selectionism
Pragmatism
Scientific skepticism
Empiricism
Parsimony |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The child did not need a complex behavior plan for head banging related to access to attention and tangibles as parents reported. The child reported he was banging his head simply because he had a headache. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism?
Determinism
Selectionism
Pragmatism
Scientific skepticism
Empiricism
Parsimony |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is an example of an absolutists?
a. In some situations, engaging in aggression may be necessary.
b. Under some circumstances, accepting a small token of
appreciation is less damaging to the professional relationship
with a client than a refusal of such a gift.
c. Engaging in aggression is never justified.
d. Given certain circumstances, it is appropriate for a behavior
analyst to use their skills to help the immediate need of another person even if the behavior analyst’s scope of practice is in a different area. |
|
Definition
| c. Engaging in aggression is never justified. |
|
|
Term
“The concept of a mind could only exist because of a complex verbal repertoire.”
Is this an example of Skinner’s views?
a. Yes
b. No |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
“Once you have a science of human behavior and discover that behavior is caused by environmental antecedents, then you no longer have a need to look inside the organism for causes of behavior.”
Is this an example of Skinner’s views?
a. Yes
b. No |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
“Other sciences, like biology, can fill temporal gaps in our knowledge of behavior, but not replace our knowledge of conditioning principles.”
Is this an example of Skinner’s views?
a. Yes
b. No |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
“Once the contingencies in the environment are identified, we no longer need to appeal to emotions as causes of behavior.”
Is this an example of Skinner’s views?
a. Yes
b. No |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
“Scientists are organisms with a particular repertoire, and their actions are as governed as everyone else’s.”
Is this an example of Skinner’s views?
a. Yes
b. No |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
“Memory and recall are behaviors controlled partially by past and partially by present stimulus conditions.”
Is this an example of Skinner’s views?
a. Yes
b. No |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The BCBA uses a reinforcer survey instead of just randomly guessing what might reinforce the client’s behavior.
Which philosophical assumption is this?
a. Determinism
b. Selectionism
c. Pragmatism or Practicality
d. Scientific skepticism or Philosophic Doubt
e. Empiricism
f. Parsimony or Occam’s Razor
g. Experimentation or Analysis
h. Replication |
|
Definition
| c. Pragmatism or Practicality |
|
|
Term
There is no inner self that initiates thinking. This statement relates to Skinner’s view on:
Problem-solving
Behaviorism
Cognition
Determinism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The individual is the locus at which the environmental stimuli meet to evoke behavior. This statement relates to Skinner’s view on:
Values
Cause and explanation
Philosophy
Private events |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Skinner noted that the verbal repertoire of humans can make scientific study of behavior more complex. This relates to his view on:
Reductionism
Agency
Selectionism
Experimental Methods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an appropriate self-edit to the phrase “He just isn’t reinforced by the iPad today.”
The iPad must be causing some stress in his mind
He used the iPad a lot this morning, so he might want something different now
Reinforcement doesn’t always work, so we’ll try again later
Clearly, the iPad is functioning as a conditioned punisher which results in a lack of stimulus control between his behavior and his mother’s attention |
|
Definition
| He used the iPad a lot this morning, so he might want something different now |
|
|
Term
This community should gather representatives from different religious and cultural backgrounds and discuss how to make everyone feel included and respected. This scenario exemplifies which of the following levels of moral and ethical behavior?
A. Within oneself
B. Between individuals
C. Between individuals and cultural entities
D. Between cultural entities |
|
Definition
| D. Between cultural entities |
|
|
Term
When I meet with my client this afternoon, I should be honest about my role and goals of services, including what I can and cannot do. This scenario exemplifies which of the following levels of moral and ethical behavior?
A. Within oneself
B. Between individuals
C. Between individuals and cultural entities
D. Between cultural entities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a relativistic position on a moral or ethical code?
A. Omar informed staff that under no circumstances should they accept a referral fee.
B. When developing behavior plans, Wm always recommended the least restrictive procedures possible.
C. Marta believed it was okay to befriend her supervisees, but only if it did not impact the supervisory relationship.
D. Nicholas believed he should never falsify or backdate session notes as doing so would be fraudulent. |
|
Definition
| C. Marta believed it was okay to befriend her supervisees, but only if it did not impact the supervisory relationship. |
|
|
Term
Skinner on Mind and Body
A. Our minds account for the development of verbal behavior
B. The concept of a mind could only exist because of a verbal repertoire
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| B. The concept of a mind could only exist because of a verbal repertoire |
|
|
Term
Skinner on Determinism
A. Decision-making is compatible with determinism
B. Decisions are determined by environmental events
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
|
Term
Skinner on Selectionism
A. Our science came about through the genius mind of individuals
B. Individuals select behavior as a productof internal processes
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic (The behavior we see is the product of ontogenic and phylogenic selection) |
|
|
Term
A behavior analyst, Juan, is speaking with a student about behavior analysis. Juan tells the student about his work with clients and how variables in the environment impact behavior. The confused student asks how the weather, plants, or wind could impact a client’s behavior. This scenario is an example of which of the following challenges to using words in behavior analysis?
A. Conflicts with everyday use
B. Conflicts over precision among behavior analysts
C. Creates confusion when communicating with non- behaviorists |
|
Definition
| A. Conflicts with everyday use (the word “environment” is used differently in behavior-analytic versus everyday context) |
|
|
Term
BCBA Joe is sitting at a bar with his friend. Joe rips up a coaster without being aware while enjoying a beer and chatting about life. His friend laughs at Joe and says, “You’re making a mess!” Joe laughs and says, “Oh, sorry. It’s just automatically reinforcing.” His friend raises his eyebrow and replies, “I don’t know what that means. How about you keep the jargon in the classroom, professor.” This scenario is an example of which of the following challenges to using words in behavior analysis?
A. Conflicts with everyday use
B. Conflicts over precision among behavior analysts
C. Creates confusion when communicating with non-behaviorists |
|
Definition
| C. Creates confusion when communicating with non- behaviorists |
|
|
Term
Jack believed in solving problems using practical, effective solutions that produced tangible results. He was not interested in abstract theories or ideas that could not be applied in the real world. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism does this scenario exemplify?
A. Selectionism
B. Pragmatism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A student frequently strikes himself in the jaw. The student’s interdisciplinary team suggested that the behavior analyst write a complex behavior plan to address the student’s SIB. The behavior analyst indicated that the student might have a toothache. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism does this scenario exemplify?
A. Scientific skepticism
B. Selectionism
C. Pragmatism
D. Parsimony |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Skinner on Research Methods
A. Non-human animals are beneficial to use as subjects in research because they do not generate rules
B. Humans with advanced verbal behavior may attend to self-generated rules rather than current contingencies
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
|
Term
Tom believed knowledge came from personal experience and observation, not abstract ideas or theories. He trusted his own senses and judgment over any external authority. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism does this scenario exemplify?
A. Scientific skepticism
B. Selectionism
C. Pragmatism
D. Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Skinner on Philosophy
A. ABA and Philosophy both share an interest in introspection
B. Philosophy has been interested in feelingsfor thousands of years without progress
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| B. Philosophy has been interested in feelings for thousands of years without progress |
|
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Term
Skinner on Private Events
A. Senses (e.g.,seeing,hearing) are physiological events
B. Sensing in the absence of overt stimuli is the same process as occurs in their absence
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
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Term
Which of the following an example of a value coming from the perspective of a radical behaviorist?
A. Marian claims that her manager yells at the employees at work because the manager has a long history of employees working faster or harder after he yelled, resulting in the behavior repeating itself.
B. Alexis claims that her manager yells at the employees because he was a ruthless person that expected the job done a certain way.
C. Ervin claims that his manager yells at the employees because he has a very “old school mentality”
D. Theodore claims that his manager yells at the employees because he has a huge ego. |
|
Definition
| A. Marian claims that her manager yells at the employees at work because the manager has a long history of employees working faster or harder after he yelled, resulting in the behavior repeating itself. |
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Term
We should sit down and discuss differences before we make harsh statements about other religions. This scenario is an example of which of the following levels of moral and ethical behavior?
A. Within oneself
B. Between individuals (behavior analysts and clients)
C. Between individuals and cultural entities
D. Between cultural entities |
|
Definition
| D. Between cultural entities |
|
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Term
I should be honest. This scenario is an example of which of the following levels of moral and ethical behavior?
A. Within oneself
B. Between individuals (behavior analysts and clients)
C. Between individuals and cultural entities
D. Between cultural entities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
I should follow the guidelines for responsible conduct for a behavior analyst. This scenario is an example of which of the following levels of moral and ethical behavior?
A. Within oneself
B. Between individuals (behavior analysts and clients)
C. Between individuals and cultural entities
D. Between cultural entities |
|
Definition
| C. Between individuals and cultural entities |
|
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Term
I should be totally honest with my client about the expectations. This scenario is an example of which of the following levels of moral and ethical behavior?
A. Within oneself
B. Between individuals (behavior analysts and clients)
C. Between individuals and cultural entities
D. Between cultural entities |
|
Definition
| B. Between individuals (behavior analysts and clients) |
|
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Term
Which of these is an example of an absolutists view on moral and ethical codes?
A. Engaging in aggression is never justified
B. In some situations, engaging in aggression may be
necessary
C. Under some circumstances, accepting a small token of
appreciation is less damaging to the professional
relationship with a client than a refusal of such a gift D. Given certain circumstances, it is appropriate for a
behavior analyst to use their skills to help the immediate need of another person even if the behavior analyst’s scope of practice is in a different area |
|
Definition
| A. Engaging in aggression is never justified |
|
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Term
Currently, the extinction phase of the intervention is in place, the behavior analyst notices that the behavior occurred twice during the session. The behavior analyst lets the caregiver know that sometimes this can happen during the extinction phase and that this is simply spontaneous recovery. The caregiver does not understand what this means.
A. Conflicts with everyday use
B. Conflicts over precision among behavior analysts
C. Creates confusion when communicating with non-behaviorists |
|
Definition
| C. Creates confusion when communicating with non-behaviorists |
|
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Term
The behavior analyst claimed that the client continuing to engage in minor, nuisance behavior was "simply part of his personality" and did not need to be targeted as part of the behavior program. Which of the following examples is the best self-edit?
A. The client has a long reinforcement history of engaging in this behavior, and stakeholders have not indicated that it should be targeted for decrease
B. The client's nuisance behavior has been ingrained in the environment, and targeting it would be detrimental to his well- being
C. Because of the long history of engaging in the nuisance behavior, the client is unlikely to be motivated to change |
|
Definition
| A. The client has a long reinforcement history of engaging in this behavior, and stakeholders have not indicated that it should be targeted for decrease |
|
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Term
Once you have a science of human behavior and discover that behavior is caused by environmental antecedents, then you no longer have a need to look inside the organism for causes of behavior. This is an example of Skinner’s view of private events related to the philosophy of behaviorism.
A. True
B. False |
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Definition
|
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Term
Which of the following is the preferred explanation of Andy’s values about academic work from the perspective of radical behaviorism?
Andy believes academic work is fulfilling
Andy contacted many favorable experiences and outcomes from academic work, and continues to speak highly of these endeavors
Andy’s values align with the behavior required for rigorous academic work
Andy learned the value academic work |
|
Definition
| Andy contacted many favorable experiences and outcomes from academic work, and continues to speak highly of these endeavors |
|
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Term
Which is an example of moral and ethical behavior on the level between individuals and cultural entities?
Juan also believe he should always act with integrity
Juan feels that his organization needed to hold up their duties to serve their customers.
Prioritizing duty means he always follows through when he offers to help a friend.
His sense of duty also means he volunteers with the fire department, because he owes it to his community. |
|
Definition
| His sense of duty also means he volunteers with the fire department, because he owes it to his community. |
|
|
Term
Which is an absolutist position?
Avoid yelling, unless it is an emergency
Never kill an animal, unless it is mortally wounded
One should always put family first
Always uphold confidentiality, but you may share details if ordered by a court of law |
|
Definition
| One should always put family first |
|
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Term
Where did Skinner stand on the mind-body issue?
Qualitative experiences are unexplained by physical phenomena
Ideas of the “mind” are just instance of verbal behavior
Mind and body are separate
Behavior can explain what happens in the mind |
|
Definition
| Ideas of the “mind” are just instance of verbal behavior |
|
|
Term
Which is an example of conflict over precision?
Bree says “he can’t discriminate between FA conditions” her colleague says, “there is no evidence of discrimination”
Dee says, “When reinforcing successive approximations, we can use percentile schedules to be more systematic with our reinforcement criteria.” Parent blinks slowly. |
|
Definition
| Bree says “he can’t discriminate between FA conditions” her colleague says, “there is no evidence of discrimination” |
|
|
Term
Charlie was transitioning his client to another RBT at the center. At first, Charlie thought to say, “The client isn’t in a great mood.” What would be a good self edit when transitioning to another technician?
”He’s just a little ornery”
“His behavior is erratic today”
“Tasks seem a bit more aversive than usual”
“He doesn’t seem to want to work” |
|
Definition
| “Tasks seem a bit more aversive than usual” |
|
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Term
Renan always chooses to go home via Market St. instead of Main St. because in the past it took him 10 extra minutes to go the Main St. route. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism?
Determinism
Selectionism
Scientific skepticism
Empiricism
Parsimony |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Nelson’s mom claims that his tantrums appear out of nowhere and are very random. The BCBA tells mom that although it seems random, all behavior has a cause, it will be a matter of assessing the tantrums to try to determine that cause. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism?
Determinism
Selectionism
Scientific skepticism
Empiricism
Parsimony |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tina is using self-monitoring and self-management to meet her exercise goals. Even though Tina feels better as a result of exercising, she insists on graphing her data daily and assessing the graph to measure her progress towards her goals. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism?
Determinism
Selectionism
Pragmatism
Scientific skepticism
Empiricism
Parsimony |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The child did not need a complex behavior plan for head banging related to access to attention and tangibles as parents reported. The child reported he was banging his head simply because he had a headache. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism?
Determinism
Selectionism
Pragmatism
Scientific skepticism
Empiricism
Parsimony |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Currently, the extinction phase of the intervention is in place, the behavior analyst notices that the behavior occurred twice during the session. The behavior analyst lets the caregiver know that sometimes this can happen during the extinction phase and that this is simply spontaneous recovery. The caregiver does not understand what this means. This scenario is an example of which of the following challenges to the use of words in behavior analysis.
Conflicts with everyday use
Conflicts over precision among behavior analysts
Creates confusion when communicating with non-behaviorists |
|
Definition
| Creates confusion when communicating with non-behaviorists |
|
|
Term
Which is an example of an absolutists?
a. In some situations, engaging in aggression may be necessary.
b. Under some circumstances, accepting a small token of
appreciation is less damaging to the professional relationship
with a client than a refusal of such a gift.
c. Engaging in aggression is never justified.
d. Given certain circumstances, it is appropriate for a behavior
analyst to use their skills to help the immediate need of another person even if the behavior analyst’s scope of practice is in a different area. |
|
Definition
| c. Engaging in aggression is never justified. |
|
|
Term
“The concept of a mind could only exist because of a complex verbal repertoire.”
Is this an example of Skinner’s views?
a. Yes
b. No |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
“Once you have a science of human behavior and discover that behavior is caused by environmental antecedents, then you no longer have a need to look inside the organism for causes of behavior.”
Is this an example of Skinner’s views?
a. Yes
b. No |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
“Other sciences, like biology, can fill temporal gaps in our knowledge of behavior, but not replace our knowledge of conditioning principles.”
Is this an example of Skinner’s views?
a. Yes
b. No |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
“Once the contingencies in the environment are identified, we no longer need to appeal to emotions as causes of behavior.”
Is this an example of Skinner’s views?
a. Yes
b. No |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
“Scientists are organisms with a particular repertoire, and their actions are as governed as everyone else’s.”
Is this an example of Skinner’s views?
a. Yes
b. No |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
“Memory and recall are behaviors controlled partially by past and partially by present stimulus conditions.”
Is this an example of Skinner’s views?
a. Yes
b. No |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The BCBA uses a reinforcer survey instead of just randomly guessing what might reinforce the client’s behavior.
Which philosophical assumption is this?
a. Determinism
b. Selectionism
c. Pragmatism or Practicality
d. Scientific skepticism or Philosophic Doubt
e. Empiricism
f. Parsimony or Occam’s Razor
g. Experimentation or Analysis
h. Replication |
|
Definition
| c. Pragmatism or Practicality |
|
|
Term
There is no inner self that initiates thinking. This statement relates to Skinner’s view on:
Problem-solving
Behaviorism
Cognition
Determinism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The individual is the locus at which the environmental stimuli meet to evoke behavior. This statement relates to Skinner’s view on:
Values
Cause and explanation
Philosophy
Private events |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Skinner noted that the verbal repertoire of humans can make scientific study of behavior more complex. This relates to his view on:
Reductionism
Agency
Selectionism
Experimental Methods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an appropriate self-edit to the phrase “He just isn’t reinforced by the iPad today.”
The iPad must be causing some stress in his mind
He used the iPad a lot this morning, so he might want something different now
Reinforcement doesn’t always work, so we’ll try again later
Clearly, the iPad is functioning as a conditioned punisher which results in a lack of stimulus control between his behavior and his mother’s attention |
|
Definition
| He used the iPad a lot this morning, so he might want something different now |
|
|
Term
This community should gather representatives from different religious and cultural backgrounds and discuss how to make everyone feel included and respected. This scenario exemplifies which of the following levels of moral and ethical behavior?
A. Within oneself
B. Between individuals
C. Between individuals and cultural entities
D. Between cultural entities |
|
Definition
| D. Between cultural entities |
|
|
Term
When I meet with my client this afternoon, I should be honest about my role and goals of services, including what I can and cannot do. This scenario exemplifies which of the following levels of moral and ethical behavior?
A. Within oneself
B. Between individuals
C. Between individuals and cultural entities
D. Between cultural entities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a relativistic position on a moral or ethical code?
A. Omar informed staff that under no circumstances should they accept a referral fee.
B. When developing behavior plans, Wm always recommended the least restrictive procedures possible.
C. Marta believed it was okay to befriend her supervisees, but only if it did not impact the supervisory relationship.
D. Nicholas believed he should never falsify or backdate session notes as doing so would be fraudulent. |
|
Definition
| C. Marta believed it was okay to befriend her supervisees, but only if it did not impact the supervisory relationship. |
|
|
Term
Skinner on Mind and Body
A. Our minds account for the development of verbal behavior
B. The concept of a mind could only exist because of a verbal repertoire
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| B. The concept of a mind could only exist because of a verbal repertoire |
|
|
Term
Skinner on Determinism
A. Decision-making is compatible with determinism
B. Decisions are determined by environmental events
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
|
Term
Skinner on Selectionism
A. Our science came about through the genius mind of individuals
B. Individuals select behavior as a productof internal processes
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic (The behavior we see is the product of ontogenic and phylogenic selection) |
|
|
Term
A behavior analyst, Juan, is speaking with a student about behavior analysis. Juan tells the student about his work with clients and how variables in the environment impact behavior. The confused student asks how the weather, plants, or wind could impact a client’s behavior. This scenario is an example of which of the following challenges to using words in behavior analysis?
A. Conflicts with everyday use
B. Conflicts over precision among behavior analysts
C. Creates confusion when communicating with non- behaviorists |
|
Definition
| A. Conflicts with everyday use (the word “environment” is used differently in behavior-analytic versus everyday context) |
|
|
Term
BCBA Joe is sitting at a bar with his friend. Joe rips up a coaster without being aware while enjoying a beer and chatting about life. His friend laughs at Joe and says, “You’re making a mess!” Joe laughs and says, “Oh, sorry. It’s just automatically reinforcing.” His friend raises his eyebrow and replies, “I don’t know what that means. How about you keep the jargon in the classroom, professor.” This scenario is an example of which of the following challenges to using words in behavior analysis?
A. Conflicts with everyday use
B. Conflicts over precision among behavior analysts
C. Creates confusion when communicating with non-behaviorists |
|
Definition
| C. Creates confusion when communicating with non- behaviorists |
|
|
Term
Jack believed in solving problems using practical, effective solutions that produced tangible results. He was not interested in abstract theories or ideas that could not be applied in the real world. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism does this scenario exemplify?
A. Selectionism
B. Pragmatism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A student frequently strikes himself in the jaw. The student’s interdisciplinary team suggested that the behavior analyst write a complex behavior plan to address the student’s SIB. The behavior analyst indicated that the student might have a toothache. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism does this scenario exemplify?
A. Scientific skepticism
B. Selectionism
C. Pragmatism
D. Parsimony |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Skinner on Research Methods
A. Non-human animals are beneficial to use as subjects in research because they do not generate rules
B. Humans with advanced verbal behavior may attend to self-generated rules rather than current contingencies
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
|
Term
Tom believed knowledge came from personal experience and observation, not abstract ideas or theories. He trusted his own senses and judgment over any external authority. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism does this scenario exemplify?
A. Scientific skepticism
B. Selectionism
C. Pragmatism
D. Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Skinner on Philosophy
A. ABA and Philosophy both share an interest in introspection
B. Philosophy has been interested in feelingsfor thousands of years without progress
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| B. Philosophy has been interested in feelings for thousands of years without progress |
|
|
Term
Skinner on Private Events
A. Senses (e.g.,seeing,hearing) are physiological events
B. Sensing in the absence of overt stimuli is the same process as occurs in their absence
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
|
Term
Skinner on Origins of Causes of Behavior
A. The environment produces both private feelings and behavior
B. Because I feel a certain way at the time of behavior, the feeling produced that behavior
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| A. The environment produces both private feelings and behavior |
|
|
Term
Randolph avoids telling dirty jokes in front of his parents. The last time he did so, he was scolded for several minutes. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism does this scenario exemplify?
A. Scientific skepticism
B. Selectionism
C. Pragmatism
D. Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Clark is a behavior analyst attending a meeting with his coworkers. During the meeting, BCBAs each share a graph and speak about the data represented on it. While showing a chart depicting problem behaviors, Clark states, “As seen on this graph, the client is engaging in fewer behaviors over the last several weeks.” Donna, another BCBA, replies, “I hope he engages in behaviors all the time!” Brendan looks at her, confused, before realizing and correcting his mistake. This scenario is an example of which of the following challenges to using words in behavior analysis?
A. Conflicts with everyday use
B. Conflicts over precision among behavior analysts
C. Creates confusion when communicating with non-behaviorists |
|
Definition
| B. Conflicts over precision among behavior analysts |
|
|
Term
Skinner on Development of Behaviorism
A. Behaviorism was immediately a very successful idea
B. Behaviorism reduces the need to look internally for cause of behavior
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| B. Behaviorism reduces the need to look internally for cause of behavior |
|
|
Term
Skinner on Cognition
A. Memories are stored in the organism, and those stored memories impact
B. Cognitive psychology places a heavier interest on verbal behavior over other forms of behavior
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| B. Cognitive psychology places a heavier interest on verbal behavior over other forms of behavior |
|
|
Term
Tessa turns left at the light because she ran into a ton of traffic the last time she continued straight. Which philosophical assumption underlying radical behaviorism does this scenario exemplify?
A. Determinism
B. Pragmatism
C. Scientific skepticism
D. Empiricism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Skinner on Values
A. Behavior is an innate part of the human experience. This is an example of Skinner’s view of values related to the philosophy of behaviorism.
B. A culture determines an individual’s values long before they are born.
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic
• Culture holds us accountable by arranging contingencies for actions.
• We are not "responsible" for our actions in sense of a self causing them to occur. |
|
|
Term
Skinner on Private Events
A. Once you have a science of human behavior and discover that environmental antecedents cause behavior, you no longer need to look inside the organism for behavior causes.
B. If we expand our view of behavior wide enough, we can solely focus on public events, and private events become irrelevant.
C. Both of these are views of Skinner on this topic
D. Neither of these are views of Skinner on this topic |
|
Definition
| A. Once you have a science of human behavior and discover that environmental antecedents cause behavior, you no longer need to look inside the organism for behavior causes. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following situations portrays the behavior of a good behavior analyst according to Dr. Lattal?
A. The BCBA attended a client’s developmental pediatrician appointment due to concerns with medications that were prescribed to the client and the side effects that were occurring. The BCBA discusses these concerns and documents any time that a new behavior occurs in relation to changes in medications and dosage changes. The BCBA provides these concerns to the developmental pediatrician at follow-up visits and discusses what they have observed.
B. The BCBA told a parent that they believed a different medication would be better for their child due to their observation that the medication had worked for another client.
C. A parent mentioned to the BCBA that they thought their child was having adverse side effects to a new medication that they were taking. The BCBA told the parent that medication was not a part of ABA services, and they shouldn’t discuss changes in medication.
D. The BCBA met with the new speech therapist on their client’s team. The speech therapist told the BCBA about a new program that they wanted to try. The BCBA told the speech therapist that the program did not sound like something that a BCBA should consider and did not research the idea any further. |
|
Definition
| A. The BCBA attended a client’s developmental pediatrician appointment due to concerns with medications that were prescribed to the client and the side effects that were occurring. The BCBA discusses these concerns and documents any time that a new behavior occurs in relation to changes in medications and dosage changes. The BCBA provides these concerns to the developmental pediatrician at follow-up visits and discusses what they have observed. |
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