Details Title: Beethoven Description: Test 1 Total Flash Cards: 88 Created: 10/06/2009 15:08:24		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Music Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Levels of music listening Definition Sonic Background; Enhance the action in a motion picture; Work songs; Dance songs; Music which enriches emotional and intellectual satisfaction Term Essence of music Definition Expressive impact; Knowledge of content and structure Term Improvement of Listening Skills (10 steps) Definition 1. Attend concerts and write brief reviews for yourself 2.Keep an open mind 3.Develop musical memory 4. Listen for structural detail, expressive impact, and composer's intent. 5.Concentrate on the melody 6. Hear as much detail w/o missing the expressive impact 7. If it is abstract music concentrate on the music itself however if it is Programatic then visualize scenes. 8. Develop flexible expectations as you listen to different types of music. 9. Apply acquired knowledge to improve your listening. 10. Practice learning to listen to music more effectively. Term Programatic Definition tells a story Term Rhythm Definition motion in music determined by duration of sounds Term beat Definition pulse of music; unit of measurement for a musical tone Term Tempo Definition Speed of the pulse Term Meter Definition recurring pattern of beats in the space/time of one measure Term Accent Definition Emphasis in music Term Syncopation Definition Unexpected emphasis in music or no emphasis where you expect it Term Polymeter & Polyrhythm Definition Simultaneous combination of 2 or more meters and rhythms Term Dynamics Definition The degree of volume Term Nuance Definition Combination of subtle changes in volume, speed and articulation/phrasing Term Rubato Definition (robbed time) a slight deviation from the exact execution of the rhythm Term Articulation/Phrase Definition How a single note or a group of notes is attacked and shaped Term Timbre Definition Tone quality or tone color of a musical sound Term Elements of Melody Definition Story line of music; cohesive series of pitches forming a musical entity Term Pitch Definition Highness or lowness of a sound Term Interval Definition distance between two pitches Term Scale Definition Ladder like succession of ascending and descending half step and whole step pitches in the context of an octave Term Solfege Definition System of naming the notes of a scale by syllables instead of letters Term Mode Definition Synonomous to scale named with Greek terms Term Theme Definition term used to designate the central idea of a piece Term Counterpoint Definition simultaneous combination of two or more melodies or one melody imitated Term Imitation Definition repeat of a melody in another part Term Inversion Definition change of melodic direction to create a mirror image Term Retrograde Definition reversal of a melody Term Retrograde inversion Definition a melody reversed and turned upside down Term augmentation Definition melody repeated in longer note values Term Diminution Definition Melody repeated in shorter note values Term Texture Definition relationship among the various notes in a musical composition both together and one after another: Monophonic, Heterophonic, Polyphonic, Homophonic Term Tone quality Definition Choice on instrument or voice; the timbrel quality of the sound Term Melody Definition the story line of music Term Range Definition Highest and lowest pitches of a melody Term Register Definition General pitch level of the melody ranging from very low to very high Term Length Definition Varying lengths of a melody from very short, longer to continuous Term Contour Definition shape of a melody in terms of pitch repetition, stepwise movement and skips Term Prominence of melody Definition some melodies are heard above the accompaniment patters while some melodies may just be part of the total fabric of the sound Term Motives Definition Characteristic melodic patterns that achieve structural importance through repetition. Term Chord outline Definition pitches of melodies which outline chords Term Embellishment Definition some melodies are simple and direct while others are highly decorated Term Phrase design Definition complete musical idea Term Phrase extensions Definition repeated phrase with or without embellishment, parallel period, contrasting period, double parallel period, double contrasting period, phrase group, independent phrases which are often places in a Through- Composed form Term Harmony Definition Simultaneous combination of pitches either consonant to give the listener a sense of repose or dissonant to give an impression of tension Term Basic choral designs in Western music Definition Triads (major, minor, augmented diminished), 7th- 9th- 11th-13th chords, Polychords, Chord clusters, Quartal Harmonies,Quintal harmonies, Synthetic Chords. Term Triads Definition three note chords built in thirds Term 7th-9th-11th-13th chords Definition Add more color Term Polychords Definition two or more chords at the same time Term Nanbonga Definition Korean folk song (no chordal accompaniment) that can be meaningfully enhanced with a jazz-waltz accompaniment on the piano Term Tonality Definition Hierarchy of chords around a central tone; the use of a central tone called a tonic, around which the other tonal material is built- the activity going to and from the tonic chord creates the feeling of tonality or key Term Cadences Definition Patterns of two chords which appear at the ends of phrases some complete and some incomplete Term Modulation Definition Change of tonal center or key Term Atonality Definition without tonality; all 12 notes of Western Music are equally treated without any focus on the tonal center over another Term Arnold Schonberg Definition Invented Atonality Term form Definition structure of music which may be perceived on different levels ranging from the development of tiny motives to the scheme of large independent sections Term Sectional Form (Song Form) Definition music constructed out of distinct sections. 1. Binary form 2. Ternary Form Term Binary Form Definition A B Term Ternary Form Definition A B A. One of the most common forms in music which involves an opening melody or section of music, followed by a contrasting melody or section of music, which in turn is followed by a return to the original melody or musical material Term Variation Form Definition Structure consisting of a theme and series of variation on it usually A A' A'' A''' etc. Term Contrapuntal Forms Definition Various combination of two or more melodies or the imitative treatment of one melody. Es: round, ostinato forms Term Sonata-Allegro Form Definition Developmental form usually the first movement of a multi-movement work which considerably expands thematic material throughout the movement Term Passacaglia Definition variations over an 8 measure melody Term Chaconne Definition variations over an 8 measure harmonic progression Term Blues/Boogie Definition variations over a 12 measure harmonic progression Term Exposition Definition statement of all the thematic material and some development of it Term Development Definition significant manipulation of thematic materials Term Recapitulation Definition Repetition and frequently development of expositional materials Term Coda Definition invented by Beethoven it is a synopsis and further development of materials and even new materials. Term Free forms Definition Free structural plan that does not follow the above formal processes such as rhapsodies, program music, through-composed pieces, fantasies Term Fold music and non-western ethnic music Definition music traditionally transmitted through oral tradition Term Gregorian Chant Definition Monophonic singing developed in the early church flourishing from 500 AD to 1000 AD. but was actively maintained in worship until 1964 Term Early secular music Definition non-sacred music initially generated by oral tradition it developed into a valuable form of entertainment in the 12th and 13th centuries through the compositions and poetry of the troubadours in France. Term Gothic period Definition Middle ages medieval era which featured the building of great cathedrals and universities and formulation of the Magna Carta. Music is characterized by an intellectual type of polyphony. Composers tended to work out each line independently- combined various languages and remained relatively unconcerned about how the lines sounded together. Term Ostinado Definition repeated pattern Term Music Definition The art of sound in time Term John Cage Definition Avantgarde composer. Introduced chants in music Term Aaron copland Definition dean of american composers Term Legato Definition smooth, connected, fluid. One long sentence. Term Nadia Boulanger Definition The greatest music teacher of the 21st century. Term Quote Definition Musical tribute to a favorite composer by quoting a melody in a piece Term Ravi Shankar Definition Sitar Player Term Rabin Dranath Tagore Definition Founded a university w/ out walls. Is from India. 20th Century Shakespear. Philosopher, compose,r artist Term Polyphony Definition interweaving melodies Term Stravinsky Definition One of the greatest composers of the first half of the 20th century. The master of rhythm. "The rite of spring"- riots at the premier Term Affrettando Definition rubato w/ thinly veiled passion Term Cadenza Definition Virtuosic passage by a soloist that is typically improvised. Synopsis of materials heard Term Nusiquconcrete Definition Music derived from recorded towns Term Respighi Definition first guy to use nusiquconcrete with "Pines of Rome"