Details Title: Becker Description: Final Exam Review Cards Total Flash Cards: 13 Created: 05/05/2008 22:41:21		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Philosophy Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Romanticism Definition In original state of nature of man, there were no evils at all. Term Rousseau Definition Romanticist Social Contract Civil society enchains man and makes him slave to community Thus civil society is unjust Contends that man is essentially good – noble savage – when in state of nature Nature is state of all animals and of man before society Society is corrupt and results in unhappiness of mankind Term Marx Definition Romanticist radicalization of Rousseau’s view Man in current state is alienated from his essence in nature Comes about through exploitation of labor Which occurs in capitalist system Thus uprising is necessary to destroy political order Then absolute benevolence for man Man would live according to own ability and needs Humans will experience actualization of human nature Term Becker's Solution Definition Need to search for enemy that man harbors within himself Something in human nature that leads to imbalance and inequality Primitive equality No private property at all Social imbalances occur in personal merit and view of merit by others Ex. King is praised and rewarded for heroism In context of tribal environment, merited qualities helped secure life and perpetuate life of tribe 1.) Man was free in the “state of nature” and becomes unfree later on 2.) Man was never free and cannot be free from his own nature He carries within him the bondage he needs to continue to live Born in need of authority, and create out of own freedom a prison for ourselves Term Otto Rank Definition 4 stages in progression of history – different ideologies in history Primitive – community rituals have magical effect on nature Kingship, paternalism – Era of the family King is hero because sense of vitality Men imitate kings in order to get power One characteristic of kings is great wealth If cannot live eternally, leave behind physical idols to last beyond time Christianity – Era of the son Against kingship, for equality Puts power back into hands of single individual Wipes away inequalities Scientific era – seek mastery over nature Social advancement Age of secularism People still hold Christianity at high esteem Term Louis Brown Definition Fusion of Marxism, psychoanalysis, and Political upheaval Immortality striving is unchangeable and a motive of all humans People use physical mementos, which represent immortality Ex. Accumulating objects like money With money we can manipulate both physical and social reality To some extent we can find some security to our lives Money is thread that run through all forms of immortality Term Economic Uncertainty and Social Death Definition Financial anxiety Securing the future Live longer – health care, nutrition Money helps you deny your own death PERSONAL: It questions your values as a moral being. Is money a leading principle in life? It contributes to the notion that values are often dictated by social standards and systems. Term Social Death Definition Being poor leads to social death But also having money can lead to social death Methods aside from money in denying death Mental illness Religion Term Evil in Human Affairs Definition Man wants to deny mortality b/c it is animal and natural Denies animality even from earliest childhood Term The Shadow Definition To escape the shadow (death) we try to find darkness in other things Project shadow on others in order to disassociate ourselves with our animal nature Term 2 Dimensions of Sacrifice Definition Guilt and the unblocking of power Ex. Holocaust Although very wrong, it had logic and structure b/c it expiated guilt as well as gained them power Term Scapegoating Definition Lessening of the death fear by sacrifice of another Relief from burden of own finitude PERSONAL: not necessarily killing, but killing of one’s soul We may hate something about ourselves (part of our shadow) Project this on to others to alleviate frustration Ex. Martial problems Mutual scapegoating to direct negativity towards child Expiation of guilt of failed relationship As well as life in relationship Term Becker's Positive Program Definition p. 123 second paragraph Victimage against enemies and internal tyranny in society – high costs of sacrifice Part of feeling good about ourselves comes from having heroic victory over Evil Paradox: this begets Evil