Term
| 5 Functions of Carbohydrates |
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Definition
1.) Energy storage and release 2.) Cell wall and protective coatings 3.) Marker mol. on cell surface 4.) Protein function (covalent modification) 5.) DNA/RNA |
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Definition
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Term
| Two types of Monosaccharides |
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Definition
Polyhydroxyl aldehyde (aldose): ex. Glyceraldehyde Polyhydroxyl Ketone (ketose): ex. Dyhydroxyacetone
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Term
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Definition
D-Glyceraldehyde - Aldotriose
- # Isomers is 2^n where n = # of chiral carbons
- Monosaccharide
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Term
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Definition
D-Glucose - Aldohexose
- Monosaccharide
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Term
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Definition
D-Mannose - Aldohexose
- Monosaccharide
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Term
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Definition
D-Ribose - Aldopentose
- Monosaccharide
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Term
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Definition
Compounds that differ in configuration at only one chiral carbon |
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Term
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Definition
| 5 membered ring, one member O of --OH |
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Term
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Definition
| 6-Membered ring, one member O of --OH |
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Term
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Definition
D-Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate - Important in Metabolism
- Sugar phosphate derivative of a monosaccharides
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Term
| Definition and Importance of deoxy sugars |
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Definition
- Definition: one of the -OH groups is replaced with H
- Important in DNA
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Term
| Definition of Amino Sugars |
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Definition
- One of the -OH groups is replaced by an amino group or an acetylated amino group
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Term
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Definition
- N-Acetyl-a-D-galactosamine
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Term
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Definition
- The carbonyl oxygen is reduced, and it is turned into a polyhydroxyl alcohol
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Term
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Definition
- Derived from aldoses by either the oxidation of C1 or the highest-numbered carbon
- Gluconate can cyclize under acidic conditions to form a lactone
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- D-Gluconate's open chain form reaches an equilibrium with D-gluconate-s-lactone, a ring structure, through the loss of an OH group
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Term
Common Carbohydrates and their abbreviations: Ribose |
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Definition
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Term
Common Carbohydrates and their abbreviations: Xylose |
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Definition
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Term
Common Carbohydrates and their abbreviations: Fructose |
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Definition
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Term
Common Carbohydrates and their abbreviations: Galactose |
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Definition
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Term
Common Carbohydrates and their abbreviations: Glucose |
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Definition
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Term
Common Carbohydrates and their abbreviations: Mannose |
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Definition
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Term
Common Carbohydrates and their abbreviations: Glucosamine |
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Definition
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Term
Common Carbohydrates and their abbreviations: Galactosamine |
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Definition
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Term
Common Carbohydrates and their abbreviations: N-Acetylglucosamine |
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Definition
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Term
Common Carbohydrates and their abbreviations: N-Acetylgalactosamine |
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Definition
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Term
Common Carbohydrates and their abbreviations: N-Acetylneuraminic Acid |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Acetal linkage between the anomeric carbon of a sugar and an alcohol, an amine, or a thiol
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Term
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Definition
- a-Amylase: a debranching enzyme
- b-Amylase: releases the disaccharide maltose
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Term
| Net Reaction of Glycolysis |
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Definition
Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 NAD+ + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 H2O
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Term
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Definition
- Hexokinase phosphorylates glucose into glucose-6-phosphate
- Phosphae groupcomes from ATP
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Term
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Definition
- Glucose 6-phosphate isomerase causes glucose 6-phosphate to isomerize into fructose 6-phosphate
- Produces the alpha isomer
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Term
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Definition
- First committed step of glycolysis
- Phosphofructokinase-1 hydrolyzes another ATP to phosphorylate the fructose molecule again to form Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
- This is a regulatory control step for glycolysis (AMP and citrate)
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Term
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Definition
- Triose phosphate isomerase forms glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate from Dihydroxyacetone phosphate; G3P is the only one that can be used in step 6
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Term
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Definition
- Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Dehydrogenase phosphorylates the alpha hydrogen to form 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
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Term
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Definition
- Phosphoglycerate Kinase dephosphorylates 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to generate 1 ATP
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