Term
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Definition
| Minimum effective concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| the time it takes to reach the MEC |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the drug reaches its highest blood or plasma concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| length of time the drug has a pharmacologic effect |
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Term
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Definition
the time it takes for one half of the drug concentration to be eliminated
Metabolism and elimination affect the half-life of a drug
short half life is 4-8 hours
long 24+hours
-not considered effective after 90% of the drug has been eliminated. |
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Term
| pharmaceutic phase (dissolution) |
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Definition
drug becomes a solution so that it can crosss the biologic membrane
When administered parenterally by subQ, IM or IV there is no pharmaceutic phase |
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Term
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Definition
| used in drug preparation to allow the drug to take on a particular size and shape and to enhance drug dissolution |
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Term
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Definition
breakdown of a tablet into smaller particles
generally, drugs are both disintegrated and absorbed faster in acidic fluids with a pH of 1 or 2.
Enteric coated drugs resist disintegration in the gastric acid of the stomach , so disintegration does not occur until the drug reaches the alkaline environment of the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| disolving of the smaller particles in the GI fluid before absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| the time it takes the drug to disintegrate and dissolve to become available for the body to absorb it |
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Term
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Definition
or hepatic first pass
some drugs do not go directly into the systemic circulation but pass from the intestinal lumen to the liver via the portal vein. |
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Term
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Definition
percentage of the administerd drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation
oral route is always <100%
IV usually 100% |
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Term
| Factors that alter bioavailability |
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Definition
*drug form (tablet, capsule, liquid, patch, inhalation..)
*route of administration
*GI mucosa and motility
*food and other drugs
*changes in liver metabolism caused by liver dysfunction or inadequate hepatic blood flow |
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Term
| Pharmacokinetic Phase (4 processes) |
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Definition
the process of drug movement to achieve drug action
1) absorption
2) distribution
3) metabolism (biotranformation)
4) excretion (or elimination) |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of drug particles from the GI tract to body fluids by passive absorption, active absorption, or pinocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
process by which the drug becomes available to body fluids and body tissues
Influenced by blood flow, the drug's affinity to the tissue, and the protein-binding effect |
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