Term
| What was the Baptist Union and how was it formed? |
|
Definition
To correlate their multiple ministries and to express their growing sense of oneness, Particular Baptists formed a national denominational body in 1813. The Baptist Union after a rather slow start, gathered up earlier programs and funds and gave a more unified approach to Baptist life. Toward the end of the century, in 1891, the General Baptists of the New Connection united with the Baptist Union, thus merging the General and Particular Baptist traditions which had remained separate since the early 1600s. Not only in England but in greater Britain, such as Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and elsewhere Baptists experienced a new spurt of growth.
Particular Baptist formed Union in 1813, in 1863 the union received 3100 pounds while the BMS received a lot more. New connection General Baptist joined in 1891. It was a watering down of Particular Baptists. Most of the General Baptists were becoming more open in communion. They thought they could have a bigger voice if they combined, the merger was weak however and was a bad idea. |
|
|
Term
| Who was Robert Hall Jr.? Alexander McClaren? |
|
Definition
Robert Hall Jr. (1764-1831). Child prodigy - read Jonathan Edwards at age 9. All work and no play made him unhealthy. Wrote "Christianity Consistent with the Love of Freedom" (1791) - Dissenters are good Christian people because they are asking for religious freedom. Terms of communion - Should have open communion with people of other faiths. In 1819 Hall published an edition in one volume of his sermons. Called John Gill's writings a "continent of mud" did not like Gill's work. Pastored in Lyster, England
Alexander McClaren (1825-1923). Weird beard man. Son of a Scottish Baptist pastor. Educated in London. Became famous pastor at Manchester. Maclaren wore no clarical attire. Wrote expositions of Holy Scripture - Take a passage of scripture, explain it, and apply it. |
|
|
Term
| Who was Charles H. Spurgeon and what was his significance for English Baptists? |
|
Definition
| Charles H. Spurgeon (1834-1892) "Converted individuals convert society." Calvinistic Tradition. Converted from Methodists. Became baptist on May 3, 1850. Became pastor of New Park Street Baptist Church at age nineteen. Metropolitan Tabernacle built in 1861, built because Spurgeon's sermons drew so many people. Edited Sword & Trowel - his way of getting his message out to people outside of the church. Operated Colportage Association - Distibuted books and Bibles. Operated orphanages. Criticized for smoking cigars. |
|
|
Term
| Discuss the Baptismal Regeneration Controversy and the Down Grade Controversy. |
|
Definition
Both deal with Spurgeon.
Baptismal Regeneration Controversy - 1864. Preached against Baptism with saving power. 300,000 copies. Deeply offended Evangelical Alliance which he was apart of.
Down Grade Controversy - A number of Particular Baptist preachers were unhappy with the direction of their denomination in the 1860s. In 1887-1892 the controversy occurred by an article written anonymously (Robert Shindler) in Spurgeon's magazine which stated all the things wrong with Particular Baptists in that time. It was titled the Down Grade meaning Baptists were down grading. His remarks were aimed at General Baptists. "The problem with Particulars is that they're infected by the Generals." Spurgeon joined in and wrote every month up to 1892. The issue was over doctrine-doctrinal errors tolerated by Particular Baptists. He believed in the verbal plenary view - every single word in the Bible is important & infallible. Also believed in the idea that Christ was substituted for us. Also believed in the TULIP and Premillenialism. Charged a number of Baptists with having a universal atonement. Received much criticism because he wouldn't name any names. |
|
|
Term
| Who was John Clifford and what was his role in the Downgrade Controversy |
|
Definition
John Clifford (1836-1923). 2nd famous English Preacher (Next to Spurgeon). New Connection Baptist. Attended the finest English Schools. Pastor in London for 57 years. Edited General Baptist Magazine. First president of Baptist World Alliance (BWA) from 1905 - 1911. President of National Council of Evangelical Free Churches from 1889 - 1899 (Believed it was ok to correlate with people of other faiths).
His role in the Downgrade Controversy - He got the Union to decline Spurgeon's request that there by a creed formed by the Union. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not Baptist, realized that children were working monday through Saturday, and not learning to read or write. So he taught them to read and write the Bible on Sundays. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abolition of Slave Trade - Worked with the Jamaicans. In 1811 English abolish slavery. Finally in 1838 slave trade was abolished. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Said that Baptist should not drink as much as they were. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He incorporated the Sunday school started by Robert Reikes into the Baptist Ministry about 5 years after Reikes started it. |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of Morgan Edwards |
|
Definition
| First American Baptist Historian. Pastor of FBC Philadelphia. |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of John Gano |
|
Definition
| Served as pastor of the Regular Baptist Church in New York for 26 years. Served as Chaplin in the Revolutionary War. |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of John Cotton |
|
Definition
| remembered for his role in the banishment of Roger Williams regarding the role of democracy and the separation of church and state in the Puritan theonomic society, both of which Williams tended to advocate. |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of Thomas Gould |
|
Definition
| Founded FBC Boston in June 1665. Doubted infant baptisms and him and his wife refused to present their baby for baptism in 1655. In 1665 adopted a confession of faith perhaps the 1st in America . 1679 built 1st building. |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of Stephen Mumford |
|
Definition
| In 1671 Stephen Mumford, called the first "Sabatarian" Baptist in American, came to Newport in 1665, joined the church, and began propagating seventh-day views. |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of Oliver Hart |
|
Definition
| Began pastoring at FBC Charleston, SC in 1751 & founded the Charleston Association |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of Richard Furman |
|
Definition
| Became pastor of FBC Charleston, SC in 1787. He was the most eloquent proponent for slavery. Pastored Charleston for 38 years. Founded Furman University in Greenville SC |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of John Miles |
|
Definition
| Planted the earliest Baptist Church near Swansea in 1663. But the 1662 Act of Uniformity put heavy pressure upon all dissenters in Britain, so he and his church migrated to America. Miles remained as pastor at Swansea until he died in 1683. This was one of the earliest Baptist churches in America to have its own church building. |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of Paul Palmer |
|
Definition
| Founded the Chowan church in 1727 and is the father of General Baptists in NC |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of James Ireland |
|
Definition
| Was to preach to a Mr. Manifa, who had been threatened with a fine of L20, Ireland set a table directly across Manifa's property line. When the authorities came, he simply retreated to the other end of the table and claimed, quite rightly, that he was not preaching on Manifa's land. This strategy attracted a large attendance but did not prevent the arrest of James Ireland. From jail Ireland preached through the bars to throngs who assembled to hear the "tabletop" preacher. |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of Henry Dunster |
|
Definition
| (1612-1659) 1st President of Harvard, 1641. Relieved of presidency in 1654 for refusing to have child baptized. |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of William Screven |
|
Definition
| (1629-1713)Founded FBC, Kittery, Maine in 1682, which was the 1st church in Maine. 1682 - Adopted a church covenant, perhaps the 1st in America. 1696 - Screven and most Kittery members migrated to Charleston, SC and formed the earliest Baptist church in the south. |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of Obadiah Holmes |
|
Definition
| Assistant pastor to John Clark |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of Elias Keach |
|
Definition
| Formed Pennepek Baptist Church in 1688. Son of Benjamin Keach. "Saved himself" |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of Nicholas Eyres |
|
Definition
| FBC New York was formed in 1714 in the his house. |
|
|
Term
| Know chief contributions of Jeremiah Dodge |
|
Definition
| 1745 - formed Regular Baptist church in NYC with 13 members who met in his home. It is now the FBC, NYC. |
|
|
Term
| Know chief writings of Baptist personalities such as Morgan Edwards |
|
Definition
| Materials Towards a History of the Baptists |
|
|
Term
| Know chief writings of Baptist personalities such as Williams |
|
Definition
| The Bloody Tenant of Persecution (1644); The Bloody Tenant Yet More Bloody: By Mr. Cotton's Endeavor to Wash it White in the Blood of the Lamb (1652) |
|
|
Term
| Know chief writings of Baptist personalities such as Clarke |
|
Definition
| Ill News From New England (1662) |
|
|
Term
| Know chief events in Baptist life such as the founding of churches and organizations such as the Philadelphia Association |
|
Definition
| The 1st organized Baptist Association in America, formed in 1707. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| first Baptist church in Mass |
|
Definition
| FBC Swansea, Mass. Thought to be the 1st actual church building in the New World. |
|
|
Term
| first Separate Baptist Church in the South |
|
Definition
| FBC Charleston formed in 1682 or 1696 by WIlliam Screven |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1814 formed, dealt with the issue of slavery in 1845 |
|
|
Term
| Be familiar with the life and contributions of Roger Williams |
|
Definition
| Roger Williams & FBC, Providence (1603-1684) Contributions - Born in London, Sir Edward Coke saw that Williams was taking short hand notes in sermons. So Coke asked williams as a teenager, to work for his law firm. Williams saw many dissenters getting prosecuted and grew found of dissenters. He went to Cambridge. Was ordained after he graduated. Became a chaplain for wealthy family and fell in love with a girl, Jane Wally. Her aunt disapproved because Williams was just middle class, he became ill due to the rejection and fell in love with his nurse Mary. They got married and had 6 children in America, Mary, Daniel, Joseph, Freeborn, Providence, and Mercy. When they came to Boston, he found the Puritans were as persecuting as the church of England, so he went to Salent where he became an associate pastor. He was forced to leave so he went to Plymouth. In 1633 he returned to Salem where began to preach such things as soul compentenry and total separation of church and state, religious liberty for all people, spiritual weapons not civil weapons, blasphemy - taking oaths in God's name. His ideas threatened the Magistracy, so Williams left Massachusetts and lived with the Indians. he bought land from the Indians and started his own colony named Providence. This colony was a refuge to everyone persecuted for their religion. He was a missionary to Native Americans. Preached religious liberty for all. Taught Democratic principles. Founder of the FBC in America. |
|
|
Term
| Be familiar with the Great Awakening and its influence upon American religion and upon American Baptists. |
|
Definition
Statistics - 1700 - 24 churches & 839 members. 1740 - 60 churches & 3,142 members. 1790 - 979 churches & 67,490 members.
Results: Numerous conversions - 80,000 conversions in New England alone. Made Christianity a religion of the people. Lay activity increased. Revived missions to Native Americans. Colleges established - Princeton, Brown, Rutgers. Increase in number of churches. hastened separation of church and state. Numerous controversies between Presbyterians and Congregationalists (New Lights or Separate Baptists) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Congregational pastor in Northampton, Massachusetts. Spent 13 hours a day in his study, wrote 2 sermons a week. Over 300 conversions in 1st year. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Made 5 preaching tours of the American Colonies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wrote "The Danger of an Unconverted Ministry" Charged a lot of people in the mainstream Christianity as being unsaved. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dutch reformed evangelist who ministered in the Raritan Valley in New Jersey. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wrote "Letter Concerning the State of Religion in New England." Caused pro-revival and anti-revivalists. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| From 1740-1790 he helped form 86 new churches in Massachusetts. In 1802 he formed the Baptist Missionary Society of Massachusetts. Chaplain in Revolutionary War. |
|
|
Term
| What was Log College and who founded it? |
|
Definition
| The original Princeton University. It was founded by William Tennent. |
|
|
Term
| Who were Old and New Sides and Old and New Lights? |
|
Definition
Old and New Sides - Presbyterians
Old and New Lights - Congregationalists |
|
|
Term
| Who were the Separate Baptists and what were their characteristics? |
|
Definition
| Evangelistic - often met outdoors. Modified Calvinism or Arminianism - not strict Calvinist. Stressed sole authority of scripture. Uneducated and unpaid ministers. Used highly emotional methods that appealed to commoners. Individualistic - autonomous. Women ahd leadership roles. Gave on the spot invitations. Observed Nine Rites - Baptism, Lord's Supper, Love Feast, Laying on Hands, Foot Washing, Anointing the sick, Right hand of fellowship, kiss of charity, dedication of children. |
|
|
Term
| In what ways did Separate Baptists put their stamp on American Protestantism? |
|
Definition
| Brought great awakening to the south. Fixed evangelical stamp upon American Protestantism. Provided religious leadership for the frontier. Contributed to the struggle for religious liberty. Contributed to winning blacks to the gospel. Brought numerical gains to Baptists. Provided significant antecedents for the SBC in doctrine, styles of evangelism and worship, and strong Biblicism. |
|
|
Term
| Who was Shubal Stearns and Daniel Marshall |
|
Definition
| Founders of Sandy Creek Baptist Church, North Carolina founded in 1755. Grew from 16 to 606 members in 3 years. During 17 years the church established 42 churches and sent out 143 preachers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wife of Daniel Marshall. Was a big leader that was a woman. |
|
|
Term
| Who were the Regular Baptists? |
|
Definition
| Opposed revivals because they believed the emotions and preaching was too radical. |
|
|
Term
| What happened at the Sandy Creek Church and why is that church important to Southern Baptists? |
|
Definition
| It is the mother church to the Southern Baptist Convention. It was where the Sandy Creek Association started. |
|
|
