Term
| no, they cannot ingest particles or liquid droplets |
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Definition
| do prokaryotes do endocytosis? |
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Term
| haploid, DNA in a single chromosome, and extrachromosomal plasmids. No nuclei or membrane bound organelles |
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Definition
| are prokaryotes normally haploid or diploid? where is their DNA? |
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Term
| it means the prok's can make mRNA and proteins at the same time |
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Definition
| what does no nuclear membrane mean for prokaryotes? |
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Term
| prok's have exons only, but both mono and polycistronic DNA (euk's only have monocistronic) |
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Definition
| do prokayotes have introns and exons? what about mono/poly cistronic DNA? |
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Term
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Definition
| describe bacteria mitochondira, ER, lysosomes |
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Term
| binary fission (euk's do meiosis/mitosis) |
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Definition
| how do bacteria do cell division? |
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Term
prok: 70S made of a 30S and 50S
euk: 80S made of 40S and 60S |
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Definition
| what kind of ribosomes are found in prok's and euks? |
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Term
| just a thick layer of peptidoglycan |
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Definition
| describe the structures external to the cell membrane in GRAM + bacteria. |
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Term
| THIN layer of peptidoglycan covered by an outer membrane |
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Definition
| describe the structures external to the cell membrane in GRAM - bacteria. |
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Term
| they have long chain fatty acids in their cell wall to give them a waxy coating |
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Definition
| describe the structures external to the cell membrane in acid fast bacteria. |
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Term
| vancomycin, penicillins, cephalosporins |
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Definition
| what 3 antibiotics types interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis? |
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Term
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Definition
| what lab test is used for preliminary classification of specimens? |
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Term
| they retain the initial purple dye after a brief alcohol wash and stain blue/purple because of their thick layer of peptidoglycan |
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Definition
| what color do gram positive bacteria stain with a gram stain? why? |
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Term
| gram negatives lose the purple dye in the alcohol wash and are counterstained with a red dye, they don't have the thick layer of PG to prevent the decolorizing |
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Definition
| what color do gram negative bacteria stain with a gram stain? why? |
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Term
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Definition
| what are the thick cell walls of gram positive bacteria composed of? |
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Term
| it is the same thing as peptidoglycan |
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Definition
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Term
1) allows ID as bacteria
2) surrounds bacteria to form a sack which maintains shape of Gram + and - |
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Definition
| what does peptidoglycan do for the bacteria? |
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Term
| it is composed of sugar chains that are cross linked to one another via peptides |
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Definition
| how is peptidoglycan structured? |
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Term
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Definition
| rod shaped bacteria are also known as: |
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Term
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Definition
| spherical shaped bacteria are also known as: |
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Term
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Definition
| helical shaped bacteria are also known as: |
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Term
| the cytoplasmic membrane will burst unless the cell is in an isotonic environment |
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Definition
| what happens when bacteria don't have PG? |
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Term
| lysozyme cleaves PG so if its in an isotonic environment, the cell will become a spheroplast (most stable form), if the environment is hypotonic, the cells will burst. |
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Definition
| what happens to bacteria + lysozyme? |
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Term
| mostly hydrophillic due to sugars and charged aa's |
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Definition
| is peptidoglycan hydrophobic or hydrophillic? why? |
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Term
| the thick layer of hydrophilic PG prevents hydrophobic molecules from passing through. |
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Definition
| why do gram positive bacteria withstand bile salts in the intestine? |
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Term
| teichoic acids: chains of ribitol or glycerol linked by phosphodiester bonds to PG by MurNacor to cytoplasmic membranes |
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Definition
| what molecules are found in Gram + cell walls besides peptdoglycan? |
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