Term
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Definition
Gram + cocci
Local infections: (skin) cellulitis, impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles; (respiratory)pneumonia w/ cavitations
Systemic: actute endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis
Treatment: MSSA: penicillinase-resistant penicillin; MRSA: vancomycin |
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Term
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Definition
Gram + cocci
Infection in indwelling medical devices
Endocartitis
Treatment: vancomycin and removal of foreign object |
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Term
| Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B) |
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Definition
Gram + cocci
alpha hemolytic
neonatal meningitis (MOST common cause), neonatal pneumonia, neonatal sepsis
Strep agalactiae are part of the normal oral and vaginal flora and causes urinary and reproductive system infections in females
Treatment: penicillin G |
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Term
| Streptococcus equisimilis (Group C) |
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Definition
Gram + cocci
pharyngits/strep throat |
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Term
| Streptococcus mutans (viridans) |
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Definition
Gram + cocci
catalase -, alpha hemolytic, bile-esculin negative
Local: dental ( S. mutans) brain or abdominal abscesses( S. intermedius)
Systemic: Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE)
Treatment: penicillin G |
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Term
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Definition
Gram + cocci
catalase -, alpha hemolytic, bile-esculin negative
Local: Otitis media
Systemic: meningitis
Treatment: penicillin
MAJOR CAUSE of community acquired pneumonia |
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Term
| Strepcococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) |
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Definition
Gram + cocci
Pharyngitis, Impetigo, Scarlet fever, Toxic Shock Syndrome
Treatment: penicillin G |
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Term
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Definition
Gram + cocci
Local: UTI, biliary tract infections
Systemic: Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE)
2nd most common cause of nosocomial infections UTI is US due to high resistance
biliary/hepatic surgery
VRE: vancomycin resistant enterococci |
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Term
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Definition
Gram + bacilli; Spore forming
Can cause cutaneous, pulmonary or intestinal anthrax with septicemia
Usually fatal
Treatment: penicillin |
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Term
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Definition
Gram + bacilli; Spore forming
Food poisoning- uncooked food or when food is re-warmed and spores germinate
4 toxins
Treatment: rehydration and prevention |
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Term
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Definition
Gram + bacilli; Spore forming
Adult: food poisoning - botulism
Infant botulism: floppy baby syndrome
Treatment: antitoxin; respiratory support |
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Term
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Definition
Gram + bacilli; Spore forming
Nosocomial gastroenteritis
Treatment: oral vancomycin
Major cause of hospital acquired diarrhea, often transmitted by the hands of hospital personnel
Antibiotic associated |
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Term
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Definition
Gram + bacilli; Spore forming
Gas gangrene and food poisoning
Surgical removal of infected areas
Penicillin for weak infections; Disease caused by toxins and extracellular enzymes produced by bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
Gram + bacilli; Spore forming
Tetanus, spastic paralysis, lockjaw
Treatment: clean wound; antitoxin; DTaP vaccine booster; penicillin |
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Term
| Corynebacterium diptheria |
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Definition
Gram + cocci; nonsporeforming
Diptheria
Treatment: DTaP vaccine booster; antitoxin; penicillin
Acute, potentially fatal diphtheria by potent exotoxin so urgent treatment is essential |
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Term
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Definition
Gram + bacilli; nonsporeforming
Neonatal meningitis and sepsis
Immunocompromised patients
Treatment: amphicillin
Opportunistic infection ( AIDS pts)
Intracellular organism, which infects special groups, pregnant women, newborns and immunosuppressed patients |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - cocci
Gonorrhea
Local genital tract infection
Systemic- septic arthritic
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Treatment: penicillin G; amoxycillin |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - diplococci
Meningitis
penicillin G; rifampin for prophylaxis; vaccine
Major cause of meningitis, especially in close quarters, dorms
Neonates are protected by maternal antibodies until 6 mon. |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; nonenteric
Endocarditis |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; nonenteric
Pertussis/whooping cough
Highly contagious; respiratory droplets
Vaccine: DTaP (aP stands for acellular pertussis)
Pediatric disease - 60 million people worldwide; 10,000 cases in US
Erythromycin |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; nonenteric
Brucellosis; fever
Zoonotic
Treatment: pasteurize milk; gentamycin
Most commonly occurs from ingestion of contaminated animal products or direct skin contact |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; nonenteric
Tularemia
Treatment: streptomycin
Live vaccine for high risk individuals
Zoonotic bacteria - primarily rabbits; also trans. by ticks, lice, mites or contact with infected animal at skin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; nonenteric
Local: Otitis, pneumonia
Systemic: meningitis, septic arthritis, cellulitis
Treatment: 3rd generation cephalosporin
Hib vaccine
Only humans carry
Aerosol
MOST COMMON CAUSE of MENINGITIS in CHILDREN; problem in close quarters |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; nonenteric
Water aerosols, nosocomial respiratory - Legionnaire's Disease
Same signs and symptoms of bacterial pneumonia
If not treated, 20% mortality
Lives like intracellular parasite
Tolerates heat, chlorination
Can live in water pipes, showers, vaporizer, spa, whirlpools, AC systems
Treatment: erythromycin
Common cause of atypical pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; enteric
Bacteremia; GI, pelvic abscesses
Treatment: drain abscess; antibiotics
Most common in GI normal flora |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; enteric
bloody diarrhea; secretory diarrhea
81% of poultry has Camplobacter
MOST COMMON cause of diarrhea in the world |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; enteric
Bacteremia; nosocomial and opportunistic infections
Treatment: Gentamycin |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; enteric
Traveler's diarrhea; UTI
Treatment: rehydration and penicillin
MOST COMMON CAUSE of UTI
MOST COMMON CAUSE of NEONATAL MENINGITIS
MOST COMMON CAUSE of NEONATAL PNEUMONIA
Personal hygiene important
One of the most common Nosocomial Infections |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; enteric
Meningitis
Nosocomial and opportunistic infections
Wound, blood, lung and UTI infections
Treatment: Gentamycin
Sewage, water, and soil |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; enteric
gastritis; peptic ulcers
Treatment: amoxycillin
MOST COMMON CAUSE of ULCERS |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - baccili; enteric
Pneumonia, nosocomial UTI
Treatment: 3rd generation cephalosporin |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; enteric
Prostatitis, nosocomial UTI
Treatment: amphicillin
MOST COMMON CAUSE of UTI in NURSING HOME PATIENTS with indwelling CATHETERS |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; enteric
Prostatitis, pneumonia, nosocomial UTI, edocarditis, osteomyelitis
Treatment: penicillin
Associated with moisture and can be introduced in hospitals through water in respiratory equipment, flowers
Can cause chronic pneumonia in CF patients |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; enteric
Bloody diarrhea/dystentery; typhoid fever |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; enteric
Opportunistic and nosocomial infections, wound, blood, lung and UTI
Treatment: gentamycin |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; enteric
Bloody diarrhea/dysentery
Fecal-oral transmission
Treatment: oral rehydration |
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Term
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Definition
Gram - bacilli; enteric
Cholera - "rice water" diarrhea; dehydration
Treatment: rehydration and tetracycline
Contaminated water |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Acid-fast rods
Leprosy - Hansen's Disease
Various antibiotics |
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Term
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Definition
Acid-fast rods
TB
Various antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
Wall-less cells; pleomorphic
Vaginosis |
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Term
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Definition
Wall-less; pleomorphic
Pneumonia and walking/atypical pneumonia
Treatment: Erythromycin; tetracycline
Most commonly affects young people, especially those in close quarters
MOST COMMON CAUSE of ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA |
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Term
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Definition
Spriochete
Lyme disease
Treatment: tetracycline
Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Obligate intracellular bacteria
Silent STD - chlamydia
Treatment: tetracycline
Most frequent cause of bacterial STD I the US; most frequent cause of blindness worldwide |
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Term
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Definition
Obligate intracellular bacteria
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Treatment: tetracycline
Commonly occurs along east coast due to dog tick bite |
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